Central nervous System Lesions Leading to Disability
... innervating proximal muscles. The second group, the dorsolateral pathways, terminates in the dorsolateral part of the spinal gray matter and influences motor neurons controlling the distal muscles of the extremities. The difference in termination corresponds to a systematic difference in the functio ...
... innervating proximal muscles. The second group, the dorsolateral pathways, terminates in the dorsolateral part of the spinal gray matter and influences motor neurons controlling the distal muscles of the extremities. The difference in termination corresponds to a systematic difference in the functio ...
The cutaneous sensory system Neuroscience and Biobehavioral
... and (4) Ruffini endings, collectively known as low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMs), a class of cutaneous receptors that are specialised to transduce mechanical forces impinging the skin into nerve impulses (Fig. 1). The first two are classified as fast adapting (FA) as they respond to the initial and ...
... and (4) Ruffini endings, collectively known as low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMs), a class of cutaneous receptors that are specialised to transduce mechanical forces impinging the skin into nerve impulses (Fig. 1). The first two are classified as fast adapting (FA) as they respond to the initial and ...
Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Frontotemporal Cortex of
... cranial MR imaging findings of SSPE that frequently develop in the late stages of the disease.3-7 Conventional cranial imaging performed in the initial stages of SSPE usually does not reveal any pathology. However, recent MR spectroscopy studies have demonstrated that the metabolic alterations cause ...
... cranial MR imaging findings of SSPE that frequently develop in the late stages of the disease.3-7 Conventional cranial imaging performed in the initial stages of SSPE usually does not reveal any pathology. However, recent MR spectroscopy studies have demonstrated that the metabolic alterations cause ...
neural basis of deciding, choosing and acting
... monkeys performing visual search for a target defined by a combination of colour and shape (conjunction feature search), two top-down influences on gaze behaviour and the neural selection process have been observed23. First, an influence of visual similarity was revealed by occasional errant gaze sh ...
... monkeys performing visual search for a target defined by a combination of colour and shape (conjunction feature search), two top-down influences on gaze behaviour and the neural selection process have been observed23. First, an influence of visual similarity was revealed by occasional errant gaze sh ...
The Role of Neural Mechanisms Review of
... were higher when attention was directed to the dot moving in the preferred direction, relative to when attention was directed to the dot moving in the opposite direction. A similar experiment recently conducted by Seidemann and Newsome (1999) also found that when two stimuli appear within the recept ...
... were higher when attention was directed to the dot moving in the preferred direction, relative to when attention was directed to the dot moving in the opposite direction. A similar experiment recently conducted by Seidemann and Newsome (1999) also found that when two stimuli appear within the recept ...
Classical Conditioning
... Pavlov came to his conclusions about how learning occurs completely by accident. Pavlov was a physiologist, not a psychologist. Physiologists study the life processes of organisms, from the molecular level to the level of cells, organ systems, and entire organisms. Pavlov's area of interest was the ...
... Pavlov came to his conclusions about how learning occurs completely by accident. Pavlov was a physiologist, not a psychologist. Physiologists study the life processes of organisms, from the molecular level to the level of cells, organ systems, and entire organisms. Pavlov's area of interest was the ...
Dizziness
... Most commonly recognized form of vertigo Attributed to calcium debris within the semicircular canal (canalithiasis) “I feel like the room is spinning when I turn my head” Lasts seconds, but pt may feel destabilized for hours after an attack No ear pain, tinnitus, or hearing loss ...
... Most commonly recognized form of vertigo Attributed to calcium debris within the semicircular canal (canalithiasis) “I feel like the room is spinning when I turn my head” Lasts seconds, but pt may feel destabilized for hours after an attack No ear pain, tinnitus, or hearing loss ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... lumbar and sacral cord both have five. The parts of the spinal cord that receive inputs from and control the muscles of the arms (more generally, forelimbs) and legs (more generally, hind limbs) show enlargements associated with an increasing number and size of neurons and fibers: the cervical enlar ...
... lumbar and sacral cord both have five. The parts of the spinal cord that receive inputs from and control the muscles of the arms (more generally, forelimbs) and legs (more generally, hind limbs) show enlargements associated with an increasing number and size of neurons and fibers: the cervical enlar ...
CN V - Trigeminal
... extension of the posterior horn of the spinal cord It contains a set of neurons resembling the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal cord The tracts entering the spinal nucleus of V are like an upward extension of the tract of ...
... extension of the posterior horn of the spinal cord It contains a set of neurons resembling the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal cord The tracts entering the spinal nucleus of V are like an upward extension of the tract of ...
Motor systems
... state of the muscle. Sensory signals from muscle receptors are transmitted to the spinal cord as well as to the higher levels of the central nervous system. 5. Discharge of muscle spindle afferents evokes stretch reflex. It is a monosynaptic spinal reflex, which allows muscle tone to be regulated qu ...
... state of the muscle. Sensory signals from muscle receptors are transmitted to the spinal cord as well as to the higher levels of the central nervous system. 5. Discharge of muscle spindle afferents evokes stretch reflex. It is a monosynaptic spinal reflex, which allows muscle tone to be regulated qu ...
The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its
... We further analyzed the patients with prefrontal damage on the basis of visual quantitative evaluation of the MR and CT data. Two neuroradiologists blind to the study’s hypotheses and the neuropsychological data carried out this analysis. The final rating was based on two evaluations of the same ima ...
... We further analyzed the patients with prefrontal damage on the basis of visual quantitative evaluation of the MR and CT data. Two neuroradiologists blind to the study’s hypotheses and the neuropsychological data carried out this analysis. The final rating was based on two evaluations of the same ima ...
Lateral Geniculate nucleus
... nuclei ensure that both eyes react to light: shining a light into each eye can elicit a direct and a consensual pupillary reflex. This light reflex tells us about one’s visual pathways status. ...
... nuclei ensure that both eyes react to light: shining a light into each eye can elicit a direct and a consensual pupillary reflex. This light reflex tells us about one’s visual pathways status. ...
A first-principle for the nervous system
... fire that neuron respectively. Due to the all or none phenomenon, the firing of a neuron is not affected by inputs contributing to either sub- or supra-threshold activation of that neuron. These make neuronal firing highly non-specific with regard to the inputs and cannot be taken as specific learni ...
... fire that neuron respectively. Due to the all or none phenomenon, the firing of a neuron is not affected by inputs contributing to either sub- or supra-threshold activation of that neuron. These make neuronal firing highly non-specific with regard to the inputs and cannot be taken as specific learni ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... records. For example, shock stimuli applied to the LOT are often used to elicit characteristic cortical evoked potentials in vivo 16,17,18. In the model we simulated this stimulus paradigm by simultaneously activating all 100 input fibers. Another measure of cortical activity used most successfully ...
... records. For example, shock stimuli applied to the LOT are often used to elicit characteristic cortical evoked potentials in vivo 16,17,18. In the model we simulated this stimulus paradigm by simultaneously activating all 100 input fibers. Another measure of cortical activity used most successfully ...
PPT - UCLA Health
... Features of Central Nystagmus Prominent with and without fixation Can be purely vertical (always central), horizontal, or torsional, of have some combination The rule is if the nystagmus is vertical (upbeat or downbeat), it is central i.e. not coming from the inner ear Cerebellar: spontaneous downb ...
... Features of Central Nystagmus Prominent with and without fixation Can be purely vertical (always central), horizontal, or torsional, of have some combination The rule is if the nystagmus is vertical (upbeat or downbeat), it is central i.e. not coming from the inner ear Cerebellar: spontaneous downb ...
Sauve CVE 2015 - Calgary Vision Event
... up/down & left/right. The eyeball has a low mass and little resistance to rotation within the eye socket. Unlike the limbs, the eyeball doesn’t have to resist or move external loads. Extra-ocular motor units are the smallest and fastest in the human body (10-20 muscle fibres per motor axon). ...
... up/down & left/right. The eyeball has a low mass and little resistance to rotation within the eye socket. Unlike the limbs, the eyeball doesn’t have to resist or move external loads. Extra-ocular motor units are the smallest and fastest in the human body (10-20 muscle fibres per motor axon). ...
Allochiria
Allochiria (from the Greek meaning ""other hand"") is a neurological disorder in which the patient responds to stimuli presented to one side of their body as if the stimuli had been presented at the opposite side. It is associated with spatial transpositions, usually symmetrical, of stimuli from one side of the body (or of the space) to the opposite one. Thus a touch to the left arm will be reported as a touch to the right arm, which is also known as somatosensory allochiria. If the auditory or visual senses are affected, sounds (a person's voice for instance) will be reported as being heard on the opposite side to that on which they occur and objects presented visually will be reported as having been presented on the opposite side. Often patients may express allochiria in their drawing while copying an image. Allochiria often co-occurs with unilateral neglect and, like hemispatial neglect, the disorder arises commonly from damage to the right parietal lobe.Allochiria is often confused with alloesthesia, also known as false allochiria. True allochiria is a symptom of dyschiria and unilateral neglect. Dyschiria is a disorder in the localization of sensation due to various degrees of dissociation and cause impairment in one side causing the inability to tell which side of the body was touched.