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publication - Stockholm Resilience Centre
publication - Stockholm Resilience Centre

... The plaintiffs maintained that their rights were violated by the State and therefore requested an order 18 imposing the latter to take action to reduce emissions to 40%, or in any case at least 25%, below the 1990 level by 2020, based on the IPCC 450 ppm scenario. The State did not deny that climate ...
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... U.S. has a largely voluntary policy to reduce GHG emission intensity by 18% by 2012. Intensity is emissions divided by GDP. This commitment is 1/6 the size of Kyoto obligation. ...
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... to reduce or prevent emission of greenhouse gases. Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior (UNEP, ...
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... gases building up in the atmosphere, leaders from most industrialized nations met in Kyoto, Japan and agreed to set up a global framework for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. That system, called the Kyoto Protocol, has the goal of reducing emissions to 1990 levels. The three greenhouse gases ...
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... due in part to the expansion of agriculture and use of nitrogen fertilizers. These are present in only trace amounts, but are more potent greenhouse gases than CO2. The increases in these three greenhouse gases coincide with a worldwide increase in temperature. Since the 1800s, the Earth has warmed ...
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2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference



The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 and 18 December. The conference included the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 5th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 5) to the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Bali Road Map, a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 was to be agreed there.On Friday 18 December, the final day of the conference, international media reported that the climate talks were ""in disarray"". Media also reported that in lieu of a summit collapse, only a ""weak political statement"" was anticipated at the conclusion of the conference. The Copenhagen Accord was drafted by the United States, China, India, Brazil and South Africa on 18 December, and judged a ""meaningful agreement"" by the United States government. It was ""taken note of"", but not ""adopted"", in a debate of all the participating countries the next day, and it was not passed unanimously. The document recognised that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the present day and that actions should be taken to keep any temperature increases to below 2 °C. The document is not legally binding and does not contain any legally binding commitments for reducing CO2 emissions.In January 2014, documents leaked by Edward Snowden and published by Dagbladet Information revealed that the US government negotiators were in receipt of information during the conference that was being obtained by spying against other conference delegations. The US National Security Agency provided US delegates with advance details other delegations' positions, including the Danish plan to ""rescue"" the talks should they flounder. Members of the Danish negotiating team said that both the US and Chinese delegations were ""peculiarly well-informed"" about closed-door discussions: ""They simply sat back, just as we had feared they would if they knew about our document.""
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