Climate Change: Sources of Warming in the Late
... thereby increasing the albedo of the earth. Aerosols can also have a warming effect by reflecting infrared radiation back to the earth. Which of these two effects dominates depends on the size and shape of the aerosol particles. For spherical particles, the critical radius is ~2 µm. Particles havin ...
... thereby increasing the albedo of the earth. Aerosols can also have a warming effect by reflecting infrared radiation back to the earth. Which of these two effects dominates depends on the size and shape of the aerosol particles. For spherical particles, the critical radius is ~2 µm. Particles havin ...
The Oceans and Climate Change
... • Change in ocean productivity • Marine organisms unable to adapt to temperature changes © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Change in ocean productivity • Marine organisms unable to adapt to temperature changes © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
How warm was the last interglacial? New model–data comparisons
... circulation model: the Community Climate System Model, v. 3 (CCSM3). Future climate predictions from this model are presented in the IPCC AR4 report [1]. The model has also been used in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) to simulate Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene clima ...
... circulation model: the Community Climate System Model, v. 3 (CCSM3). Future climate predictions from this model are presented in the IPCC AR4 report [1]. The model has also been used in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) to simulate Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene clima ...
Hydrologic modeling of an arctic tundra watershed: Toward Pan
... One approach to modeling the spatial distribution of soil moisture is to work with the details of the watershed topography by explicitly modeling the movement of water from the hillslopes to the valleys [Hinzman and Kane, 1992; Zhang et al., 1997]. However, while this may be satisfactory at the scal ...
... One approach to modeling the spatial distribution of soil moisture is to work with the details of the watershed topography by explicitly modeling the movement of water from the hillslopes to the valleys [Hinzman and Kane, 1992; Zhang et al., 1997]. However, while this may be satisfactory at the scal ...
Svalbard`s ringed seal harvest
... virtually all aspects of their life history. This high arctic endemic seal begins its life on landfast sea ice in fjords and along coastlines in arctic waters including those in Svalbard. Some birthing also takes place in areas of drifting sea ice in some parts of the Arctic including the Barents Se ...
... virtually all aspects of their life history. This high arctic endemic seal begins its life on landfast sea ice in fjords and along coastlines in arctic waters including those in Svalbard. Some birthing also takes place in areas of drifting sea ice in some parts of the Arctic including the Barents Se ...
Week 7, Part 2 - Atmospheric Sciences at UNBC
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
... been retreating during the past decades: Syslov (1961) reports that the permafrost extent at Mezen (Russia) has retreated northward at an average rate of 400 m per year since 1837, whereas similar findings have been reported for the Mackenzie Valley of Canada. • Although permafrost is temperature de ...
Does pre-industrial warming double the anthropogenic total?
... 2003). The other major candidate for pre-industrial aerosol effects on climate is biomass burning. Black carbon from biomass burning has had several opposing effects on estimated industrial-era climatic forcing (IPCC, 2013). Direct aerosol effects are thought to have produced a warming, but opposing ...
... 2003). The other major candidate for pre-industrial aerosol effects on climate is biomass burning. Black carbon from biomass burning has had several opposing effects on estimated industrial-era climatic forcing (IPCC, 2013). Direct aerosol effects are thought to have produced a warming, but opposing ...
Ocean Model Working Group
... includes nitrogen dynamics and has been extensively tested against data at individual sites, with preliminary work underway on regional and global modeldata comparisons. Work has been completed on a suite of past, present, and future atmospheric dust simulations within CCSM. Predictions of future d ...
... includes nitrogen dynamics and has been extensively tested against data at individual sites, with preliminary work underway on regional and global modeldata comparisons. Work has been completed on a suite of past, present, and future atmospheric dust simulations within CCSM. Predictions of future d ...
R.KUPPANNA General Manager Kuwait India International
... reputed media have been warning of impending climate doom four different times in the last 100 years...hemming and hawing. Only they can't decide if mankind will perish from warming or cooling. An analysis of the print media's climate change coverage since the late 1800s has been conducted by The Me ...
... reputed media have been warning of impending climate doom four different times in the last 100 years...hemming and hawing. Only they can't decide if mankind will perish from warming or cooling. An analysis of the print media's climate change coverage since the late 1800s has been conducted by The Me ...
Quaternary of South-West England
... progress has been made in relating the British terrestrial evidence to the comprehensive deepsea record, particularly in Wales (Bowen and Sykes, 1988; Campbell and Bowen, 1989; Bowen, 1991), the Midlands and the Thames Valley (Bridgland, 1994) and East Anglia (Bowen et al., 1989). Significant advanc ...
... progress has been made in relating the British terrestrial evidence to the comprehensive deepsea record, particularly in Wales (Bowen and Sykes, 1988; Campbell and Bowen, 1989; Bowen, 1991), the Midlands and the Thames Valley (Bridgland, 1994) and East Anglia (Bowen et al., 1989). Significant advanc ...
Arctic Climate Change and Security Policy Conference
... Moreover, the pace of change is accelerating. Greenhouse gas emissions from industrial pollution and land use changes are the key factors. Recent studies suggest that black carbon emitted from industrial combustion and boreal forest fires are responsible for up to half of the observed warming in the ...
... Moreover, the pace of change is accelerating. Greenhouse gas emissions from industrial pollution and land use changes are the key factors. Recent studies suggest that black carbon emitted from industrial combustion and boreal forest fires are responsible for up to half of the observed warming in the ...
Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under
... to massively colonize new habitats such as stable, long-lasting fast ice for breeding, and new polynyas (open area within sea ice for feeding) may not appear11 . Breeding on land or on ice shelves12 would result in higher energy expenditure (longer foraging trips, greater exposure to cold and wind) ...
... to massively colonize new habitats such as stable, long-lasting fast ice for breeding, and new polynyas (open area within sea ice for feeding) may not appear11 . Breeding on land or on ice shelves12 would result in higher energy expenditure (longer foraging trips, greater exposure to cold and wind) ...
On the halocline of the Arctic Ocean*
... The low salinity of the surface layer is due in part to continental runoff, primarily via the Siberian rivers but also from other rivers and from the North Pacific through Bering Strait. However, the seasonal melting and freezing of sea ice may also be important in maintaining the low surface salini ...
... The low salinity of the surface layer is due in part to continental runoff, primarily via the Siberian rivers but also from other rivers and from the North Pacific through Bering Strait. However, the seasonal melting and freezing of sea ice may also be important in maintaining the low surface salini ...
chapter eight climate change, northern subsistence and land based
... known about their cultural, social and economic limits to adaptability. A case in point is the disappearance of Norse colonies in Greenland. Detailed archaeological work has revealed that cooler periods occurred from 1308-18, 1324-29, 1343-62, and 1380-84. The cold spell of 1343 corresponds with the ...
... known about their cultural, social and economic limits to adaptability. A case in point is the disappearance of Norse colonies in Greenland. Detailed archaeological work has revealed that cooler periods occurred from 1308-18, 1324-29, 1343-62, and 1380-84. The cold spell of 1343 corresponds with the ...
How does climate change influence arctic mercury?
... has long been recognized that large changes are occurring in the Arctic's aquatic systems (Macdonald, 1996; Vörösmarty et al., 2002). These systems are of particular significance as it is within wet environments (wetlands, marine and freshwaters) that most of the subsequent risks to humans and wildli ...
... has long been recognized that large changes are occurring in the Arctic's aquatic systems (Macdonald, 1996; Vörösmarty et al., 2002). These systems are of particular significance as it is within wet environments (wetlands, marine and freshwaters) that most of the subsequent risks to humans and wildli ...
Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean
... dramatic changes, with record low sea ice extent in summer, including a new record minimum set in 2012 (NSIDC, 2012), and the significant reduction of multiyear ice (Maslanik et al., 2011; NRC, 2012). Atmospheric warming is a dominant force in the melting of ice, but melting by warming from underlyi ...
... dramatic changes, with record low sea ice extent in summer, including a new record minimum set in 2012 (NSIDC, 2012), and the significant reduction of multiyear ice (Maslanik et al., 2011; NRC, 2012). Atmospheric warming is a dominant force in the melting of ice, but melting by warming from underlyi ...
Climate Change, Indigenous Peoples and the Arctic: The Changing
... identity.”27 Many cultural practices and festivals are intrinsically linked to traditional subsistence, which is now being threatened by climate change. “Ice itself is understood by Inuit as extension of their cultural, social and economic space, and indivisible part of their traditional territory; ...
... identity.”27 Many cultural practices and festivals are intrinsically linked to traditional subsistence, which is now being threatened by climate change. “Ice itself is understood by Inuit as extension of their cultural, social and economic space, and indivisible part of their traditional territory; ...
Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) Research Initiative
... alteration to the capacity of ice sheets and sea ice as major heat sinks/insulators. It is thus important to assess the stability of the cryosphere under a warming climate (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2001), particularly as ice-core records have yielded evidence of a strong corr ...
... alteration to the capacity of ice sheets and sea ice as major heat sinks/insulators. It is thus important to assess the stability of the cryosphere under a warming climate (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2001), particularly as ice-core records have yielded evidence of a strong corr ...
7. ice - Discovering Antarctica
... The THC consists of several currents which form a continuous ‘Conveyor Belt’, linking the major ocean basins. Flow close to the surface in one direction is balanced by flow in the opposite direction close to the sea floor (see diagram). Input of very dense water into the deep ocean to drive the deep ...
... The THC consists of several currents which form a continuous ‘Conveyor Belt’, linking the major ocean basins. Flow close to the surface in one direction is balanced by flow in the opposite direction close to the sea floor (see diagram). Input of very dense water into the deep ocean to drive the deep ...
Climate change and emerging infectious diseases
... The climate system can remain stable over millennia due to interactions and feedbacks among its basic components: the atmosphere, oceans, ice cover, biosphere and energy from the sun. Harmonics among the six orbital (so called Milankovitch) cycles (e.g., tilt, eccentricity) of the Earth about the su ...
... The climate system can remain stable over millennia due to interactions and feedbacks among its basic components: the atmosphere, oceans, ice cover, biosphere and energy from the sun. Harmonics among the six orbital (so called Milankovitch) cycles (e.g., tilt, eccentricity) of the Earth about the su ...
Northern Hemispheric cryosphere response to volcanic eruptions in
... Table 1. Both reconstructions are based on ice core sulfate records from both polar regions and differ in the transfer function from the ice core sulfate to aerosol optical depth (AOD) and in the filtering of globally important eruptions [Schmidt et al., 2011]. There are two Goddard Institute for Spa ...
... Table 1. Both reconstructions are based on ice core sulfate records from both polar regions and differ in the transfer function from the ice core sulfate to aerosol optical depth (AOD) and in the filtering of globally important eruptions [Schmidt et al., 2011]. There are two Goddard Institute for Spa ...