Atomic Line Spectra: the Bohr model Line Spectra of Excited Atoms
... and Bohr Bohr Bohr said that this classical view was wrong. He saw the need for a new theory — now called QUANTUM or WAVE MECHANICS. –An e- can only exist in certain discrete orbits — called stationary states. –An e- is restricted to QUANTIZED (discrete) energy states. –The energy of a state = - (Rh ...
... and Bohr Bohr Bohr said that this classical view was wrong. He saw the need for a new theory — now called QUANTUM or WAVE MECHANICS. –An e- can only exist in certain discrete orbits — called stationary states. –An e- is restricted to QUANTIZED (discrete) energy states. –The energy of a state = - (Rh ...
The Ideal Gas on the Canonical Ensemble
... The first term on the r.h.s corresponds to all terms on the l.h.s for which both molecules are in the same state, the second term corresponds to the molecules being in different states. We can now see the problem. When the particles are in different state, we have counted each state twice. The state ...
... The first term on the r.h.s corresponds to all terms on the l.h.s for which both molecules are in the same state, the second term corresponds to the molecules being in different states. We can now see the problem. When the particles are in different state, we have counted each state twice. The state ...
1 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
... A question that has been studied ever since Heisenberg’s original paper is whether a precise inequality can be established for the case where actual measurements are made on a quantum system. As of October, 2013, this has not been definitively settled, but we can discuss the general framework present ...
... A question that has been studied ever since Heisenberg’s original paper is whether a precise inequality can be established for the case where actual measurements are made on a quantum system. As of October, 2013, this has not been definitively settled, but we can discuss the general framework present ...
The two-state vector description of a quantum system
... Strong measurement: The Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz (ABL) formula: ...
... Strong measurement: The Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz (ABL) formula: ...
The Density Operator
... differently: they are the tensor product of the property-projectors of the component atomic systems. In spite of their ingenuity, it remains unclear whether modal interpretations can successfully cope with measurement. One can show that if the modal interpretations are correct there are some possib ...
... differently: they are the tensor product of the property-projectors of the component atomic systems. In spite of their ingenuity, it remains unclear whether modal interpretations can successfully cope with measurement. One can show that if the modal interpretations are correct there are some possib ...
Chapter 3 The Statistical Theory of Thermodynamics 3.1 Macrostate
... (Think first of N different (distinguishable) spins on N squares, N! ways. But if n↑ of them are identical, there are n↑ ! ways of arranging the up spins among themselves without changing the pattern; similarly (N − n↑ )! ways of arranging the down spins). Here N = 36 and n↑ = 13, so the total is 2. ...
... (Think first of N different (distinguishable) spins on N squares, N! ways. But if n↑ of them are identical, there are n↑ ! ways of arranging the up spins among themselves without changing the pattern; similarly (N − n↑ )! ways of arranging the down spins). Here N = 36 and n↑ = 13, so the total is 2. ...
