Key elements of Plate Tectonics
... Oceanic lithosphere forms at divergent plate boundaries and are consumed at subduction zones Most earthquakes, volcanism, faulting and mountain building take place at plate ...
... Oceanic lithosphere forms at divergent plate boundaries and are consumed at subduction zones Most earthquakes, volcanism, faulting and mountain building take place at plate ...
Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array
... migration of the source region due to regional warming. The data availability in this region (including Argo and ...
... migration of the source region due to regional warming. The data availability in this region (including Argo and ...
Dohan, K., and N. Maximenko, 2010: Monitoring ocean currents with
... around Antarctica and inhibiting northsouth heat transport. The ACC is the only current that connects the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans, and thus is crucial for the exchange of properties among basins. Earth’s rotation causes motions to be deflected to the right (left) in the Northern (Southe ...
... around Antarctica and inhibiting northsouth heat transport. The ACC is the only current that connects the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans, and thus is crucial for the exchange of properties among basins. Earth’s rotation causes motions to be deflected to the right (left) in the Northern (Southe ...
Ocean Currents and Their Impact on Marine Life
... ocean currents on marine life consists of the enhancement of primary productivity, and that is the reason why this article is placed within the Topic Productivity of the Oceans. This is so because primary production in the ocean is limited by availability of light and nutrients. Light is rapidly abs ...
... ocean currents on marine life consists of the enhancement of primary productivity, and that is the reason why this article is placed within the Topic Productivity of the Oceans. This is so because primary production in the ocean is limited by availability of light and nutrients. Light is rapidly abs ...
Seismic tomography - Italo Bovolenta Editore
... ind icate relatively hot, buoyant matter (for example, rising convection plumes). Seismic tomography has revealed features in the mantle clearly associated with mantle convection. Figure 2 presents a tomographic model of Swave speed variations in the mantle constructed by researchers at Harvard Un ...
... ind icate relatively hot, buoyant matter (for example, rising convection plumes). Seismic tomography has revealed features in the mantle clearly associated with mantle convection. Figure 2 presents a tomographic model of Swave speed variations in the mantle constructed by researchers at Harvard Un ...
Short Bibliography on current European Marine Biotechnology
... second largest ocean on earth, extending to the poles and including the sub-tropics – its biodiversity is high encompassing a huge range of habitats. Rationale Identification of relevant European research activity is important as a start point to facilitate future collaboration for both sides of the ...
... second largest ocean on earth, extending to the poles and including the sub-tropics – its biodiversity is high encompassing a huge range of habitats. Rationale Identification of relevant European research activity is important as a start point to facilitate future collaboration for both sides of the ...
(平成19年7月20日施行)の翻訳は 「法令用語日英標準対訳辞書
... The State, in order to promote the Ocean Industries and to strengthen the international competitiveness, shall take necessary measures with regard to the Ocean Industries, to promote the cutting-edge research and development, to upgrade the level of technology, to nurture and secure the human resour ...
... The State, in order to promote the Ocean Industries and to strengthen the international competitiveness, shall take necessary measures with regard to the Ocean Industries, to promote the cutting-edge research and development, to upgrade the level of technology, to nurture and secure the human resour ...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
... processes in the context of marine ecosystems DESCRIPTION: IOC has been addressing, through its Ocean Science Programme, critical scientific uncertainties in relation to the management and sustainable use of the marine environment and the ocean’s role in global change by facilitating, promoting and ...
... processes in the context of marine ecosystems DESCRIPTION: IOC has been addressing, through its Ocean Science Programme, critical scientific uncertainties in relation to the management and sustainable use of the marine environment and the ocean’s role in global change by facilitating, promoting and ...
Processes determining the marine alkalinity and calcium carbonate
... that titrate away AT (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007). This observation led Brewer et al. (1975) to propose the idea of “potential alkalinity” as the sum of AT and nitrate, with the aim of creating a tracer that responds to the cycling of calcium carbonates without changing in response to organic matter ...
... that titrate away AT (Wolf-Gladrow et al., 2007). This observation led Brewer et al. (1975) to propose the idea of “potential alkalinity” as the sum of AT and nitrate, with the aim of creating a tracer that responds to the cycling of calcium carbonates without changing in response to organic matter ...
Plankton 2015 - State of Australia`s oceans
... eastern Tasmania • In 2010, the generally warm-water red tide species Noctiluca scintillans was observed for the first time blooming in the Southern Ocean • With further warming, there is likely to be more tropical species expanding into temperate and polar waters, which could lead to smaller plan ...
... eastern Tasmania • In 2010, the generally warm-water red tide species Noctiluca scintillans was observed for the first time blooming in the Southern Ocean • With further warming, there is likely to be more tropical species expanding into temperate and polar waters, which could lead to smaller plan ...
Fall 2006 - Ocean and Resources Engineering
... The Hawaiian Islands are vulnerable to tsunamis generated in the active subduction zones around the Pacific Rim. The Kuril earthquake on November 15, 2006 is the latest reminder. ORE has a long history of tsunami research with the notable work of Prof. Charles Bretschneider and Prof. Harold Loomis. ...
... The Hawaiian Islands are vulnerable to tsunamis generated in the active subduction zones around the Pacific Rim. The Kuril earthquake on November 15, 2006 is the latest reminder. ORE has a long history of tsunami research with the notable work of Prof. Charles Bretschneider and Prof. Harold Loomis. ...
Meteorology TEST - Partners4results
... Eventually, the data gathered by many boats is combined to form a complete picture of the area being studied. Traditionally, sonar was helpful because it was the first way scientists were able to measure the ocean. On the other hand, it is considered too slow and too expensive when studying a large ...
... Eventually, the data gathered by many boats is combined to form a complete picture of the area being studied. Traditionally, sonar was helpful because it was the first way scientists were able to measure the ocean. On the other hand, it is considered too slow and too expensive when studying a large ...
TSUNAMIS (full script)
... Small tsunamis, non-destructive and almost undetectable, happen almost every day. They are very often too far away from land or they are too small to have any effect when they hit the shore. When a small tsunami comes to the shoreline it is often seen as a strong and fastmoving tide. However, when t ...
... Small tsunamis, non-destructive and almost undetectable, happen almost every day. They are very often too far away from land or they are too small to have any effect when they hit the shore. When a small tsunami comes to the shoreline it is often seen as a strong and fastmoving tide. However, when t ...
Coral Bleaching, an Imminent Threat to Marine Biodiversity
... techniques, tourism pressure, marine pollution, and coastal development) and at a global level with, for instance, increasing temperature of surface waters and ocean acidification. Anthropogenic pressure and climate change currently threaten most reef ecosystems around the world. Over time, these st ...
... techniques, tourism pressure, marine pollution, and coastal development) and at a global level with, for instance, increasing temperature of surface waters and ocean acidification. Anthropogenic pressure and climate change currently threaten most reef ecosystems around the world. Over time, these st ...
Biogeosciences
... 2006, 1997; Carr et al., 2006). These methods have the advantage in that they provide large spatial and temporal coverage of vast ocean areas. Reference measurements from shipbased observations, however, are still sparse. Complex algorithms lead stepwise from ocean colour measurements to Chl concent ...
... 2006, 1997; Carr et al., 2006). These methods have the advantage in that they provide large spatial and temporal coverage of vast ocean areas. Reference measurements from shipbased observations, however, are still sparse. Complex algorithms lead stepwise from ocean colour measurements to Chl concent ...
Geology :: 8. Divergent plate margins
... In a triple junction usually two of the spreading edges remain active while the third one will not evolve into an ocean. It remains a long, narrow sequence of grabens filled primarily with non-marine sediments. Some of the world’s largest rivers, like the Mississippi, Amazon and Niger, flow down val ...
... In a triple junction usually two of the spreading edges remain active while the third one will not evolve into an ocean. It remains a long, narrow sequence of grabens filled primarily with non-marine sediments. Some of the world’s largest rivers, like the Mississippi, Amazon and Niger, flow down val ...
Climate-Driven Basin-Scale Decadal Oscillations of Oceanic
... without being opposite as they are in the Pacific, however. Correlations between basin-scale phytoplankton distribution and modes of climate oscillators are revealed here at multidecadal scale. In the tropics and at mid-latitudes, phytoplankton are often nutrient-limited. They grow when nutrients ar ...
... without being opposite as they are in the Pacific, however. Correlations between basin-scale phytoplankton distribution and modes of climate oscillators are revealed here at multidecadal scale. In the tropics and at mid-latitudes, phytoplankton are often nutrient-limited. They grow when nutrients ar ...
Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits host the evidence for sulfate
... Recent researchers have suggested that the Archean oceans were sulfate poor (<0.1 mM SO42-, compared to 28 mM today), because the atmosphere was supposedly poor in O2 (pO2 < 10-6 atm) to completely oxidize the sulfur-bearing volcanic gases (H2S and SO2) and sulfide minerals in soils to SO42-. Howeve ...
... Recent researchers have suggested that the Archean oceans were sulfate poor (<0.1 mM SO42-, compared to 28 mM today), because the atmosphere was supposedly poor in O2 (pO2 < 10-6 atm) to completely oxidize the sulfur-bearing volcanic gases (H2S and SO2) and sulfide minerals in soils to SO42-. Howeve ...
Sea Floor Spreading powerpoint
... the ocean crust as molten material erupts from the mantle spreading out and pushing older rocks to the sides of the crack. New ocean floor is continually added by the process of sea-floor ...
... the ocean crust as molten material erupts from the mantle spreading out and pushing older rocks to the sides of the crack. New ocean floor is continually added by the process of sea-floor ...
Sea-Floor Spreading - Moore Middle School PTSA
... the ocean crust as molten material erupts from the mantle spreading out and pushing older rocks to the sides of the crack. New ocean floor is continually added by the process of sea-floor ...
... the ocean crust as molten material erupts from the mantle spreading out and pushing older rocks to the sides of the crack. New ocean floor is continually added by the process of sea-floor ...
plate tectonics lecture notes
... • Geological invesBgaBons on the conBnents have been made for hundreds of years. These provide a different perspecBve from seafloor and geophysical observaBons. The main observaBons from conBnental geologic studie ...
... • Geological invesBgaBons on the conBnents have been made for hundreds of years. These provide a different perspecBve from seafloor and geophysical observaBons. The main observaBons from conBnental geologic studie ...
Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting
... sensitivity, are summarized in Table 1. For high application rates, warming averted ranges from 0.9 to 2.2 ◦ C for RCP4.5 and from 0.7 to 1.6 ◦ C for RCP8.5 (Table 1). At low application rates, corresponding ranges of warming averted are 0.2–0.7 ◦ C for both RCPs (Table 1). These numbers suggest tha ...
... sensitivity, are summarized in Table 1. For high application rates, warming averted ranges from 0.9 to 2.2 ◦ C for RCP4.5 and from 0.7 to 1.6 ◦ C for RCP8.5 (Table 1). At low application rates, corresponding ranges of warming averted are 0.2–0.7 ◦ C for both RCPs (Table 1). These numbers suggest tha ...
Chapter 13 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
... largest single geographic feature on the planet, accounts for over half of the ocean surface area on Earth. In fact, the Pacific Ocean is so large that all of the continents could fit into the space occupied by it—with room left over! It is also the world’s deepest ocean, with an average depth of 3, ...
... largest single geographic feature on the planet, accounts for over half of the ocean surface area on Earth. In fact, the Pacific Ocean is so large that all of the continents could fit into the space occupied by it—with room left over! It is also the world’s deepest ocean, with an average depth of 3, ...
lights out for the reef
... Ocean acidification affects the basis of the marine food chain because it decreases the concentration of carbonate ions, which is the building block of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is the crucial substrate that corals and marine organisms like sea snails use to make their skeletons. Since pr ...
... Ocean acidification affects the basis of the marine food chain because it decreases the concentration of carbonate ions, which is the building block of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is the crucial substrate that corals and marine organisms like sea snails use to make their skeletons. Since pr ...
full size hugin vehicle - Oceanology International
... fields. Organised in association with IMCA and IMarEST, the OI 2014 Careers Day reflects the commitment of the industry to foster the new generation of marine technology professionals. The sessions start at 9:00h in Room 11/12. During the morning session (09:00-12:00h), IMCA is running presentations ...
... fields. Organised in association with IMCA and IMarEST, the OI 2014 Careers Day reflects the commitment of the industry to foster the new generation of marine technology professionals. The sessions start at 9:00h in Room 11/12. During the morning session (09:00-12:00h), IMCA is running presentations ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.