Measuring Climatic Impacts on Energy Consumption
... zero if households do not always maintain a constant interior temperature. In addition, interpreting cross-sectional results as indicative of long run equilibrium effects requires that variables, like weather and prices, in the year of the sample are equal to their respective distributional expectat ...
... zero if households do not always maintain a constant interior temperature. In addition, interpreting cross-sectional results as indicative of long run equilibrium effects requires that variables, like weather and prices, in the year of the sample are equal to their respective distributional expectat ...
Modeling Earth`s Climate Teacher Guide
... Q. What do the colors indicate about the change in average temperature over time from 1881 to 2007? A. The colors suggest that the average temperature was two degrees below the 19501980 average in the 1800s, and more recently, between one and two degrees above the 1950-1980 average. Q. Where do the ...
... Q. What do the colors indicate about the change in average temperature over time from 1881 to 2007? A. The colors suggest that the average temperature was two degrees below the 19501980 average in the 1800s, and more recently, between one and two degrees above the 1950-1980 average. Q. Where do the ...
Assessing global biome exposure to climate change through the
... years centred around 6 ka cal bp, because it was the warmest period of the Holocene for much of the Northern Hemisphere. Starting at the beginning of the Holocene about 11.5 ka cal bp climate warmed – very rapidly in some regions – to close to pre-industrial temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere d ...
... years centred around 6 ka cal bp, because it was the warmest period of the Holocene for much of the Northern Hemisphere. Starting at the beginning of the Holocene about 11.5 ka cal bp climate warmed – very rapidly in some regions – to close to pre-industrial temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere d ...
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, REILLY MASSACHUSETTS ATTORNEY GENERAL THOMAS F.
... appropriate that NHSTA relies on environmental evaluation done in years past. Over time, however, the environmental documentation and evaluation become dated. Twenty years after the last EIS, the environmental documentation and evaluation must be supplemented. Under NEPA, if there is new information ...
... appropriate that NHSTA relies on environmental evaluation done in years past. Over time, however, the environmental documentation and evaluation become dated. Twenty years after the last EIS, the environmental documentation and evaluation must be supplemented. Under NEPA, if there is new information ...
quantifying the impact of climate change on
... intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the most important of these events. In fact, more Australians die every year from extreme heat than from any other type of natural disaster. Extreme heat can damage infrastructure such as ...
... intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the most important of these events. In fact, more Australians die every year from extreme heat than from any other type of natural disaster. Extreme heat can damage infrastructure such as ...
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle
... the year 2100. Including non-CO2 greenhouse gas forcing and increasing the model’s climate sensitivity increases the effect of this feedback to 140 ppmv. Mathews et al. (2005) also suggest differences in the net primary productivity (NPP) response to climate changes and hence an additional contribut ...
... the year 2100. Including non-CO2 greenhouse gas forcing and increasing the model’s climate sensitivity increases the effect of this feedback to 140 ppmv. Mathews et al. (2005) also suggest differences in the net primary productivity (NPP) response to climate changes and hence an additional contribut ...
23-9-E
... There is further evidence that the total abundance of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in the atmosphere continues to decline, even though concentrations of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), the chlorine-containing replacement compounds for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are rising. Observed global, m ...
... There is further evidence that the total abundance of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) in the atmosphere continues to decline, even though concentrations of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), the chlorine-containing replacement compounds for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are rising. Observed global, m ...
Analyzing Social-environmental Systems (.pdf),
... Rubenstein are themselves world-renowned social-environmental scientists, and they each have committed matching funds (from PEI and EEB), as complementary support for our global collaborative network. There are a number of projects ongoing at EEB that connect Princeton and our network partners. Levi ...
... Rubenstein are themselves world-renowned social-environmental scientists, and they each have committed matching funds (from PEI and EEB), as complementary support for our global collaborative network. There are a number of projects ongoing at EEB that connect Princeton and our network partners. Levi ...
Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Blue Nile Basin Cascade
... sediment inflow to the reservoirs should be undertaken using a physically distributed hydrological modeling. ...
... sediment inflow to the reservoirs should be undertaken using a physically distributed hydrological modeling. ...
Introduction: Humidity and Climate Change
... (Makkonnen & Laakso, 2005; van Wijngaarden & Vincent, 2005). The wet-bulb reservoir may freeze or in warm conditions evaporate completely, causing the wick around the wet-bulb thermometer to dry out. Icing and reservoir freezing were found to be particular problems for automatic stations in Canada, ...
... (Makkonnen & Laakso, 2005; van Wijngaarden & Vincent, 2005). The wet-bulb reservoir may freeze or in warm conditions evaporate completely, causing the wick around the wet-bulb thermometer to dry out. Icing and reservoir freezing were found to be particular problems for automatic stations in Canada, ...
Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model – Part 1
... 20 the effect of the economy on climate, via control of greenhouse gas emissions. Simple functional forms of the relation between the two subsystems permit simple interpretations of the coupled effects. The CoCEB model is used to evaluate hypotheses on the long-term effect of investment in emission ...
... 20 the effect of the economy on climate, via control of greenhouse gas emissions. Simple functional forms of the relation between the two subsystems permit simple interpretations of the coupled effects. The CoCEB model is used to evaluate hypotheses on the long-term effect of investment in emission ...
Differences between carbon budget estimates
... (TCRE). TCRE is defined as global average surface temperature change per unit of total cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions, typically 1000 PgC. The IPCC AR5 assessed TCRE to fall ‘likely’ (i.e. with greater than 66% probability17) between 0.8 to 2.5°C per 1000 PgC for cumulative CO2 emissions le ...
... (TCRE). TCRE is defined as global average surface temperature change per unit of total cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions, typically 1000 PgC. The IPCC AR5 assessed TCRE to fall ‘likely’ (i.e. with greater than 66% probability17) between 0.8 to 2.5°C per 1000 PgC for cumulative CO2 emissions le ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Alberta
... uncertainties regarding what may happen in the near and distant future. Current global change is multidimensional by nature (Rockström et al. 2009). The inexorable rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and attendant climate warming are the most evident components, but they a ...
... uncertainties regarding what may happen in the near and distant future. Current global change is multidimensional by nature (Rockström et al. 2009). The inexorable rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and attendant climate warming are the most evident components, but they a ...
Section 1 - Climate Change - finalSLO
... September each year. Minimum sea ice extent has decreased 11.1% per decade since 1979. Figure 5. Minimum Arctic Sea Ice Extent.Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010 http://www.climate.gov/ ...
... September each year. Minimum sea ice extent has decreased 11.1% per decade since 1979. Figure 5. Minimum Arctic Sea Ice Extent.Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010 http://www.climate.gov/ ...
Historical Overview of Climate Change Science
... to the scrutiny of their peers, which includes disclosing the methods that they use, so their results can be checked through replication by other scientists. The insights and research results of individual scientists, even scientists of unquestioned genius, are thus confirmed or rejected in the peer ...
... to the scrutiny of their peers, which includes disclosing the methods that they use, so their results can be checked through replication by other scientists. The insights and research results of individual scientists, even scientists of unquestioned genius, are thus confirmed or rejected in the peer ...
Climate Change is a Geographic Problem
... is publishing climate change model output data in a GIS format. View the case study. ...
... is publishing climate change model output data in a GIS format. View the case study. ...
Andrew Boswell November 2007
... White paper 13/3/07 • 26%-32%“ by 2020 (c.2.1-2.6% annum) • 60% by 2050 • Govt. wants only 5 year targets ...
... White paper 13/3/07 • 26%-32%“ by 2020 (c.2.1-2.6% annum) • 60% by 2050 • Govt. wants only 5 year targets ...
Climate change challenges for European regions
... warmest years ever recorded since global surface temperatures are measured, i.e. since 1850.3 Over the last 100 years, global surface temperature has increased by 0.74°C.4 Sea level has risen by 17 cm during the 20th century.5 In the past few years we have witnessed more frequent extreme weather con ...
... warmest years ever recorded since global surface temperatures are measured, i.e. since 1850.3 Over the last 100 years, global surface temperature has increased by 0.74°C.4 Sea level has risen by 17 cm during the 20th century.5 In the past few years we have witnessed more frequent extreme weather con ...
Why Hasn`t Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?
... NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland ...
... NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland ...
GEF COUNTRY EXPERIENCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
... Phil. Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Dept. of Transportation Services Administration and Communication Dept. of Public Works and Highways ...
... Phil. Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Dept. of Transportation Services Administration and Communication Dept. of Public Works and Highways ...
After Kyoto: A Global Scramble for Advantage
... This idea, discussed formally at Toronto in June 1988 and considered by the U.S. Congress in 1989 in a proposed bill, the Global Warming Prevention Act, was fundamental to commitments reached in 1992, when representatives of 160 nations attended the Rio de Janeiro Conference on Environment and Devel ...
... This idea, discussed formally at Toronto in June 1988 and considered by the U.S. Congress in 1989 in a proposed bill, the Global Warming Prevention Act, was fundamental to commitments reached in 1992, when representatives of 160 nations attended the Rio de Janeiro Conference on Environment and Devel ...
Climate change and the oceans: legal and policy
... environments will result from increasing water temperatures, changes to the chemistry of seawater, including ocean acidification, changes in ocean circulation systems leading to shifts in the strength and direction of ocean currents, increases in the geographical range, frequency and intensity of e ...
... environments will result from increasing water temperatures, changes to the chemistry of seawater, including ocean acidification, changes in ocean circulation systems leading to shifts in the strength and direction of ocean currents, increases in the geographical range, frequency and intensity of e ...
ENABLING SMALL-SCALE FARMERS
... conservation farming), finance for adaptation (facilitating access to credit) and innovations that increase yield. Conservation farming methods, in particular, promoted through Wula Nafaa have increased farmers’ yields and sustainable land use, thereby reducing vulnerability to climate change impact ...
... conservation farming), finance for adaptation (facilitating access to credit) and innovations that increase yield. Conservation farming methods, in particular, promoted through Wula Nafaa have increased farmers’ yields and sustainable land use, thereby reducing vulnerability to climate change impact ...
Will we leave the Great Barrier Reef for our children?
... concluded that mean global surface temperatures have increased by 0.74 ± 0.18°C in the past 100 years and that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.24 Figu ...
... concluded that mean global surface temperatures have increased by 0.74 ± 0.18°C in the past 100 years and that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.24 Figu ...
PDF File - Patrick Gonzalez
... range of plants and biomes, altered plant phenology, increased wildfire, and exacerbated pest outbreaks (IPCC, 2001b; IPCC, 2007b). Climate change affects ecosystems at the same time as other potential stresses, including acid rain, agricultural expansion, air and water pollution, dams, deforestatio ...
... range of plants and biomes, altered plant phenology, increased wildfire, and exacerbated pest outbreaks (IPCC, 2001b; IPCC, 2007b). Climate change affects ecosystems at the same time as other potential stresses, including acid rain, agricultural expansion, air and water pollution, dams, deforestatio ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.