How warm was the last interglacial? New model–data comparisons
... We use simulations from a fully coupled, global atmosphere–land surface–ocean–sea ice general circulation model: the Community Climate System Model, v. 3 (CCSM3). Future climate predictions from this model are presented in the IPCC AR4 report [1]. The model has also been used in the Palaeoclimate Mo ...
... We use simulations from a fully coupled, global atmosphere–land surface–ocean–sea ice general circulation model: the Community Climate System Model, v. 3 (CCSM3). Future climate predictions from this model are presented in the IPCC AR4 report [1]. The model has also been used in the Palaeoclimate Mo ...
Module β1
... ◦ Rates not known with absolute certainty ◦ Factors can affect sink rates, such as ocean currents for dissolution ◦ Higher CO2 concentrations could have effects on rates, such as uptake by plants ...
... ◦ Rates not known with absolute certainty ◦ Factors can affect sink rates, such as ocean currents for dissolution ◦ Higher CO2 concentrations could have effects on rates, such as uptake by plants ...
Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the
... observational data. If daily data could not be provided, the country participants performed the complete analysis for all their stations in close discussion with the experts, so that it was possible to share at least the calculated climate indices, based on the quality-controlled daily time series. ...
... observational data. If daily data could not be provided, the country participants performed the complete analysis for all their stations in close discussion with the experts, so that it was possible to share at least the calculated climate indices, based on the quality-controlled daily time series. ...
Right wing populism and climate change
... and solar, discontinue the carbon floor price and to seek ways to ‘assist and rejuvenate the coal industry.’ For some years, UKIP’s head of policy6 was a prominent climate sceptic and senior party figures frequently make sceptical remarks (refs.). Such openly sceptical and hostile anti-climate chang ...
... and solar, discontinue the carbon floor price and to seek ways to ‘assist and rejuvenate the coal industry.’ For some years, UKIP’s head of policy6 was a prominent climate sceptic and senior party figures frequently make sceptical remarks (refs.). Such openly sceptical and hostile anti-climate chang ...
Forecasting global climate change: A scientific approach Kesten C
... By 2007, there still had been no proper validation of the IPCC’s forecasts. To generate interest in the importance of validation, one of us (Armstrong) proposed a bet to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore that a “no-change” forecast of global average temperature would be more accurate than any mode ...
... By 2007, there still had been no proper validation of the IPCC’s forecasts. To generate interest in the importance of validation, one of us (Armstrong) proposed a bet to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore that a “no-change” forecast of global average temperature would be more accurate than any mode ...
medieval warm period in south america
... Was there a Medieval Warm Period anywhere in addition to the area surrounding the North Atlantic Ocean, where its occurrence is uncontested? This question is of utmost importance to the ongoing global warming debate, since if there was, and if the locations where it occurred were as warm then as the ...
... Was there a Medieval Warm Period anywhere in addition to the area surrounding the North Atlantic Ocean, where its occurrence is uncontested? This question is of utmost importance to the ongoing global warming debate, since if there was, and if the locations where it occurred were as warm then as the ...
A normative account of dangerous climate change
... The central objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) “is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interferenc ...
... The central objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) “is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interferenc ...
Consequences of Global Warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C for Regional
... 32 models (S1 Text) and includes surface air temperature (S1 File) and precipitation data (S2 File) from historical and two RCP (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) simulations. The simulations over the historical period (1880-2005) are compared against gridded observations: Climate Research Unit Time Series (CRU TS ve ...
... 32 models (S1 Text) and includes surface air temperature (S1 File) and precipitation data (S2 File) from historical and two RCP (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) simulations. The simulations over the historical period (1880-2005) are compared against gridded observations: Climate Research Unit Time Series (CRU TS ve ...
PDF
... Contact author: Department of International Trade and Development, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, E-Mail: [email protected] ...
... Contact author: Department of International Trade and Development, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, E-Mail: [email protected] ...
On summing the components of radiative forcing of climate change
... simplifying assumptions which may limit their applicability. b. The presence of RF estimates where no best estimate is provided such as for aviation induced cirrus, anthropogenic mineral dust, and the ®rst aerosol indirect eect makes such a summation dicult. c. The dierent LOSU aorded to each of ...
... simplifying assumptions which may limit their applicability. b. The presence of RF estimates where no best estimate is provided such as for aviation induced cirrus, anthropogenic mineral dust, and the ®rst aerosol indirect eect makes such a summation dicult. c. The dierent LOSU aorded to each of ...
Volume 3: Climate and Global Change and Risks
... The central problem of the modern theory of climate is the prediction of its changes caused by anthropogenic activities. In view of specific peculiarities of the climate system this problem cannot be solved with the use of the conventional methods repeatedly tested in natural sciences. It can be sta ...
... The central problem of the modern theory of climate is the prediction of its changes caused by anthropogenic activities. In view of specific peculiarities of the climate system this problem cannot be solved with the use of the conventional methods repeatedly tested in natural sciences. It can be sta ...
Climate Change and Natural Disasters Affecting Women Peace and
... resources - Diamonds, timber, minerals and cocoa have been exploited by armed groups6. Indeed, the existence of easily captured and exploited natural resources not only makes insurgency economically feasible (and, therefore, war more likely); it may also alter the dynamics of conflict itself by enco ...
... resources - Diamonds, timber, minerals and cocoa have been exploited by armed groups6. Indeed, the existence of easily captured and exploited natural resources not only makes insurgency economically feasible (and, therefore, war more likely); it may also alter the dynamics of conflict itself by enco ...
Expected impacts of climate change on extreme climate events
... difficulties in comparing different analyses. This is the reason why climate scientists have tried to give some guidance for the selection of indices of extreme climate events. Following the recommendations of international working groups, Frich et al. [13] proposed a first set of 10 indices based o ...
... difficulties in comparing different analyses. This is the reason why climate scientists have tried to give some guidance for the selection of indices of extreme climate events. Following the recommendations of international working groups, Frich et al. [13] proposed a first set of 10 indices based o ...
Vegetation and Biogeochemical Scenarios (Chapter 2) from the
... focused on in this chapter. These scenarios for vegetation and biogeochemical change can serve as background for analyses of changes to fauna and biological diversity by contributing broad-scale information on habitat changes. VEMAP II is an international,collaborative effort supported by several US ...
... focused on in this chapter. These scenarios for vegetation and biogeochemical change can serve as background for analyses of changes to fauna and biological diversity by contributing broad-scale information on habitat changes. VEMAP II is an international,collaborative effort supported by several US ...
C
... oupled climate models are sophisticated tools designed to simulate the Earth climate system and the complex interactions between its components. Currently, more than a dozen centers around the world develop climate models to enhance our understanding of climate and climate change and to support the ...
... oupled climate models are sophisticated tools designed to simulate the Earth climate system and the complex interactions between its components. Currently, more than a dozen centers around the world develop climate models to enhance our understanding of climate and climate change and to support the ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CLIMATE POLICY DILEMMA Robert S. Pindyck
... The discount rate used to do this, which I will denote by δ, is called the pure rate of time preference, but since we are looking at welfare for society as a whole, we will call it the social rate of time preference. What is the “correct” value for this discount rate? We know from a broad range of s ...
... The discount rate used to do this, which I will denote by δ, is called the pure rate of time preference, but since we are looking at welfare for society as a whole, we will call it the social rate of time preference. What is the “correct” value for this discount rate? We know from a broad range of s ...
2. Low Carbon Cities – The National Context
... these circumstances, it was the poor who would be worst affected. The Conference agreed that climate change was one of the most significant threats to sustainable development across the globe and that human activity contributed to climate change. With this, the conference acknowledged the urgency of ...
... these circumstances, it was the poor who would be worst affected. The Conference agreed that climate change was one of the most significant threats to sustainable development across the globe and that human activity contributed to climate change. With this, the conference acknowledged the urgency of ...
![geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002432622_1-c2d3ec4f8d07362a922414ec3ed7a70c-300x300.png)
geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and
... Recognising the fundamental importance of mitigation and adaptation in combating climate change and its adverse effects; Acknowledging nonetheless that if, in the near future, the international community has failed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and urgent action is needed to prevent catastrophi ...
... Recognising the fundamental importance of mitigation and adaptation in combating climate change and its adverse effects; Acknowledging nonetheless that if, in the near future, the international community has failed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and urgent action is needed to prevent catastrophi ...
Annexes
... Aerosol: A suspension of airborne solid or liquid particles, with a typical size between a few nanometres and 10 μm that reside in the atmosphere for at least several hours. For convenience the term aerosol, which includes both the particles and the suspending gas, is often used in this report in it ...
... Aerosol: A suspension of airborne solid or liquid particles, with a typical size between a few nanometres and 10 μm that reside in the atmosphere for at least several hours. For convenience the term aerosol, which includes both the particles and the suspending gas, is often used in this report in it ...
Full-Text PDF
... chemical composition, the thermal, or the dynamical structure of Earth’s atmosphere. A major goal of atmospheric numerical modeling is to provide a better understanding of processes determining the dynamical and chemical state, and to enable assignment of individual natural and anthropogenic forces, ...
... chemical composition, the thermal, or the dynamical structure of Earth’s atmosphere. A major goal of atmospheric numerical modeling is to provide a better understanding of processes determining the dynamical and chemical state, and to enable assignment of individual natural and anthropogenic forces, ...
UK Climate Projections science report: Marine and coastal projections
... For mean sea level rise, although the models contain known physical relationships and have been tested against observations during their development, their results are not formally constrained by observations. It is, therefore, not correct to refer to these frequency distributions in terms of probab ...
... For mean sea level rise, although the models contain known physical relationships and have been tested against observations during their development, their results are not formally constrained by observations. It is, therefore, not correct to refer to these frequency distributions in terms of probab ...
a comparative study of biodiversity conservation coping with climate
... conserving as many plants and animals as possible is important for the benefit of humans and of other species. Individual species help us to meet our basic needs. We literally need to conserve biodiversity as our lives depend on it. Adaptation to climate change and sustainable human development are ...
... conserving as many plants and animals as possible is important for the benefit of humans and of other species. Individual species help us to meet our basic needs. We literally need to conserve biodiversity as our lives depend on it. Adaptation to climate change and sustainable human development are ...
Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future
... extremely challenging and fraught with uncertainties. However, an overview of all available Cretaceous and Early Eocene CO2 proxy data, along with massbalance calculations, indicates a picture of higher ambient CO2 concentrations, albeit with significant variability during this interval. This variabi ...
... extremely challenging and fraught with uncertainties. However, an overview of all available Cretaceous and Early Eocene CO2 proxy data, along with massbalance calculations, indicates a picture of higher ambient CO2 concentrations, albeit with significant variability during this interval. This variabi ...
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND EQUITY IMPACTS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE AND
... issues directly. We have also secondarily drawn information from climate change policy, human health, and environmental justice literature that provides background and context for these issues. Our goal was to address the some of the prominent public health, equity, and regulatory issues that are pe ...
... issues directly. We have also secondarily drawn information from climate change policy, human health, and environmental justice literature that provides background and context for these issues. Our goal was to address the some of the prominent public health, equity, and regulatory issues that are pe ...
A New Climate for Peace
... are far more advanced today than just a few years ago, but they still lack significant discussion of the political or social impacts of climate change and information on a country’s conflict history or its marginalized groups; in addition, most do not address drivers of fragility or other transbound ...
... are far more advanced today than just a few years ago, but they still lack significant discussion of the political or social impacts of climate change and information on a country’s conflict history or its marginalized groups; in addition, most do not address drivers of fragility or other transbound ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.