Dangerous human-made interference with climate
... are being altered by human activities. Some of the alterations are as large or larger than natural atmosphere and surface changes, even compared with natural changes that have occurred over hundreds of thousands of years. There is concern that these human-made alterations could substantially alter t ...
... are being altered by human activities. Some of the alterations are as large or larger than natural atmosphere and surface changes, even compared with natural changes that have occurred over hundreds of thousands of years. There is concern that these human-made alterations could substantially alter t ...
Global Warming Index - Debate Central
... head of earth sciences, Michael Benton, which chronicles the geological efforts leading up to the discovery and its potential implications. Professor Benton said: "The Permian crisis nearly marked the end of life. It's estimated that fewer than one in 10 species survived. Geologists are only now com ...
... head of earth sciences, Michael Benton, which chronicles the geological efforts leading up to the discovery and its potential implications. Professor Benton said: "The Permian crisis nearly marked the end of life. It's estimated that fewer than one in 10 species survived. Geologists are only now com ...
The relationship between affective connections to animals and
... University of Illinois at Chicago, Learning Sciences Research Institute, 1240 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A. ...
... University of Illinois at Chicago, Learning Sciences Research Institute, 1240 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, U.S.A. ...
Provide an initial estimate of the uncertainty in UK predicted climate
... To aid examination of the scale-dependency of these uncertainties, Table 2 shows the ratios of the SDs in Figure 4 versus those for the UK average data in Figures 1 and 2. Note that because of the small size of both data samples, these ratios must again be regarded as broadly descriptive rather than ...
... To aid examination of the scale-dependency of these uncertainties, Table 2 shows the ratios of the SDs in Figure 4 versus those for the UK average data in Figures 1 and 2. Note that because of the small size of both data samples, these ratios must again be regarded as broadly descriptive rather than ...
Cutting the Knot
... inevitability of severe harms, particularly to people in developing countries and to sensitive ecosystems, harms that will become extreme long before temperatures rise to a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the antic ...
... inevitability of severe harms, particularly to people in developing countries and to sensitive ecosystems, harms that will become extreme long before temperatures rise to a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the antic ...
What Are Climate Forcings?
... "Paleoclimate data show that the Earth’s climate is remarkably sensitive to global forcings. Positive feedbacks predominate. This allows the entire planet to be whipsawed between climate states. One feedback, the ‘albedo flip’ property of water substance, provides a powerful trigger mechanism. A cli ...
... "Paleoclimate data show that the Earth’s climate is remarkably sensitive to global forcings. Positive feedbacks predominate. This allows the entire planet to be whipsawed between climate states. One feedback, the ‘albedo flip’ property of water substance, provides a powerful trigger mechanism. A cli ...
Opportunities and risks of climate change
... meteorological phenomena. Climate change does not merely imply a possible increase in extreme levels, such as higher wind speeds or an increase in precipitation. Instead, it means above all a change in average, “normal” weather. This sounds harmless, and there are some who will obviously benefit fro ...
... meteorological phenomena. Climate change does not merely imply a possible increase in extreme levels, such as higher wind speeds or an increase in precipitation. Instead, it means above all a change in average, “normal” weather. This sounds harmless, and there are some who will obviously benefit fro ...
Building ecosystem resilience for climate change adaptation in the
... The Asian Highlands, the vast mountainous area from Pakistan to China including the Hindu-Kush Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau, have considerable global importance; they are the source of most of the major rivers of Asia, which sustain billions of downstream dwellers, are part of four Global Biodiversi ...
... The Asian Highlands, the vast mountainous area from Pakistan to China including the Hindu-Kush Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau, have considerable global importance; they are the source of most of the major rivers of Asia, which sustain billions of downstream dwellers, are part of four Global Biodiversi ...
Interactive comment on “Was the Little Ice Age more or less El Niño
... We will then run our calibration experiment, wherein we derive our optimal networks of proxy locations, using PMIP last 1000 year simulations, as suggested by the reviewer. Because the PMIP simulations show a different ENSO pattern than 20CRv2, the quality of our reconstruction will be degraded. How ...
... We will then run our calibration experiment, wherein we derive our optimal networks of proxy locations, using PMIP last 1000 year simulations, as suggested by the reviewer. Because the PMIP simulations show a different ENSO pattern than 20CRv2, the quality of our reconstruction will be degraded. How ...
Sustainability and Risk: Climate Change and Fiduciary Duty WORKSHOP REPORT
... gas increases and most of the observed changes in the climate are human-caused. The main natural and human phenomena that affect climate are known, and scientists have measured or estimated these phenomena, and then compared their relative effect on the climate. These comparisons indicate human emis ...
... gas increases and most of the observed changes in the climate are human-caused. The main natural and human phenomena that affect climate are known, and scientists have measured or estimated these phenomena, and then compared their relative effect on the climate. These comparisons indicate human emis ...
Cutting the Knot
... inevitability of severe harms, particularly to people in developing countries and to sensitive ecosystems, harms that will become extreme long before temperatures rise to a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the antic ...
... inevitability of severe harms, particularly to people in developing countries and to sensitive ecosystems, harms that will become extreme long before temperatures rise to a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the antic ...
The challenge to detect and attribute effects of climate change on
... caused observable damage requires assessments undertaken within a rigorous D&A framework. Since impacts concern physical systems (such as rivers and ice-sheets), biological systems (such as forests, grasslands, marine biota), social systems (such as cultural values, governance practices, and livelih ...
... caused observable damage requires assessments undertaken within a rigorous D&A framework. Since impacts concern physical systems (such as rivers and ice-sheets), biological systems (such as forests, grasslands, marine biota), social systems (such as cultural values, governance practices, and livelih ...
Adaptive Capacity and Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability
... Only 35 (6.7% ) farmers attended Climate Field School. 100 out of 520 farmers in the span of five years (2006-2010) were able to avail of technical assistance from the municipal agricultural office (MAO) Very few (92 or 18%) are members of a farmers’ organization Many respondents (483 or 93%) have a ...
... Only 35 (6.7% ) farmers attended Climate Field School. 100 out of 520 farmers in the span of five years (2006-2010) were able to avail of technical assistance from the municipal agricultural office (MAO) Very few (92 or 18%) are members of a farmers’ organization Many respondents (483 or 93%) have a ...
Causes of the Global Warming Observed since the 19th Century
... 19th century. It is critically important to determine whether this global warming is due to natural causes, as contended by climate contrarians, or by human activities, as argued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This study updates our earlier calculations which showed that the obser ...
... 19th century. It is critically important to determine whether this global warming is due to natural causes, as contended by climate contrarians, or by human activities, as argued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This study updates our earlier calculations which showed that the obser ...
The challenge to detect and attribute effects of climate change on
... caused observable damage requires assessments undertaken within a rigorous D&A framework. Since impacts concern physical systems (such as rivers and ice-sheets), biological systems (such as forests, grasslands, marine biota), social systems (such as cultural values, governance practices, and livelih ...
... caused observable damage requires assessments undertaken within a rigorous D&A framework. Since impacts concern physical systems (such as rivers and ice-sheets), biological systems (such as forests, grasslands, marine biota), social systems (such as cultural values, governance practices, and livelih ...
exemplar - ESPACE Project
... brought together leading Czech politicians, business people, academics and journalists) was to discuss the impacts of climate change, build awareness of the challenges and potential solutions and learn from the best examples of UK practices. In June 2006, as a result of its widespread recognition a ...
... brought together leading Czech politicians, business people, academics and journalists) was to discuss the impacts of climate change, build awareness of the challenges and potential solutions and learn from the best examples of UK practices. In June 2006, as a result of its widespread recognition a ...
Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle
... phytoplankton, zooplankton and (sinking) detritus (Palmer and Totterdell, 2001). The complexity of the model was restricted to just four compartments in order for it to be economical enough for use in long integrations. This means that the behaviours of many different species and size-fractions are ...
... phytoplankton, zooplankton and (sinking) detritus (Palmer and Totterdell, 2001). The complexity of the model was restricted to just four compartments in order for it to be economical enough for use in long integrations. This means that the behaviours of many different species and size-fractions are ...
FINAL: How to identify adaptation ... smallholder farmers in coffee and tea sector
... change as a change that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over a comparable period of time. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines it as any change ...
... change as a change that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over a comparable period of time. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines it as any change ...
Moving beyond scientific knowledge: leveraging
... Pekrun and Linnenbrink-Garcia, 2010), and on learning about climate change especially, since it is an emotionally and politically charged topic (Lombardi and Sinatra, 2013; Roeser, 2012). In the case of climate change, emotions can actually impact people’s ability to make useful assessments of avail ...
... Pekrun and Linnenbrink-Garcia, 2010), and on learning about climate change especially, since it is an emotionally and politically charged topic (Lombardi and Sinatra, 2013; Roeser, 2012). In the case of climate change, emotions can actually impact people’s ability to make useful assessments of avail ...
Chapter One - Brookings Institution
... have always had to hedge their bets to protect public health and ensure a reliable water supply in the face of climate variability and numerous other sources of variability. Some of the sources of variability include changes that derive from the choices humans make, such as demographic shifts and ch ...
... have always had to hedge their bets to protect public health and ensure a reliable water supply in the face of climate variability and numerous other sources of variability. Some of the sources of variability include changes that derive from the choices humans make, such as demographic shifts and ch ...
The conquering of climate
... Climate also yields tangible, material, yet unpredictable, benefits for all human cultures. The unpredictability of these benefits is a powerful driver of human innovation, since new technologies, practises and systems are created to build social resilience in the face of a capricious climate (Haber ...
... Climate also yields tangible, material, yet unpredictable, benefits for all human cultures. The unpredictability of these benefits is a powerful driver of human innovation, since new technologies, practises and systems are created to build social resilience in the face of a capricious climate (Haber ...
Projecting australian climate change
... For climate variables that exhibit only a limited range of natural variability, small deviations can be significant. The role of human influence can be attributed with some confidence. Global average temperature is one such factor. Changes in climate variables such as rainfall, which can exhibit hig ...
... For climate variables that exhibit only a limited range of natural variability, small deviations can be significant. The role of human influence can be attributed with some confidence. Global average temperature is one such factor. Changes in climate variables such as rainfall, which can exhibit hig ...
Climate Change and Public Health 101
... Bernard SM, Samet JM, Grambsch A, Ebi KL, Romieu I. 2001. The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol 109, Supplement 2, pp 199-209. California Department of Public Health. 2008. Public He ...
... Bernard SM, Samet JM, Grambsch A, Ebi KL, Romieu I. 2001. The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol 109, Supplement 2, pp 199-209. California Department of Public Health. 2008. Public He ...
Climate Change and Public Health 101
... Bernard SM, Samet JM, Grambsch A, Ebi KL, Romieu I. 2001. The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol 109, Supplement 2, pp 199-209. California Department of Public Health. 2008. Public He ...
... Bernard SM, Samet JM, Grambsch A, Ebi KL, Romieu I. 2001. The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol 109, Supplement 2, pp 199-209. California Department of Public Health. 2008. Public He ...
Comparison of Monthly Temperature Extremes Simulated by CMIP3
... A growing number of extreme climate events on various spatial–temporal scales have been observed in the past, and these events have significantly affected human society and the natural environment (Field et al. 2012). The reason for the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate even ...
... A growing number of extreme climate events on various spatial–temporal scales have been observed in the past, and these events have significantly affected human society and the natural environment (Field et al. 2012). The reason for the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate even ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.