Working Paper 202 - Heal and Millner (opens in new window)
... defining their domain of applicability. It has been dubbed ‘reflective equilibrium’ by the philosopher John Rawls (Rawls, 1971). Uniquely among the decision sciences (including sub-disciplines in mathematics, statistics, computer science, and philosophy), economics has historically under emphasized ...
... defining their domain of applicability. It has been dubbed ‘reflective equilibrium’ by the philosopher John Rawls (Rawls, 1971). Uniquely among the decision sciences (including sub-disciplines in mathematics, statistics, computer science, and philosophy), economics has historically under emphasized ...
Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
... Humans influence climate primarily through fossil-fuel, industrial, agricultural, and other landuse emissions that alter atmospheric composition. Long-lived, heat-trapping greenhouse gases (CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, tropospheric ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons) warm the planet’s surface globally, whereas short ...
PDF
... Changes in tourism flows induced by climate change are derived from simulations based on the Hamburg Tourism Model (HTM) (Bigano et al., 2007). HTM is an econometric simulation model, estimating the number of domestic and international tourists by country, the share of international tourists in tota ...
... Changes in tourism flows induced by climate change are derived from simulations based on the Hamburg Tourism Model (HTM) (Bigano et al., 2007). HTM is an econometric simulation model, estimating the number of domestic and international tourists by country, the share of international tourists in tota ...
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
... rescissions or reprogramming, or because a program may be cast as climate change-related in some contexts but not in others. The reported initiatives are cross-agency “roll-ups” of programs and funding in the agencies, and information on some programs is available only to the degree that the agency ...
... rescissions or reprogramming, or because a program may be cast as climate change-related in some contexts but not in others. The reported initiatives are cross-agency “roll-ups” of programs and funding in the agencies, and information on some programs is available only to the degree that the agency ...
Full PDF
... atop one another until they were 100 metres or more in depth. This was the making of the great coal beds around the world, as this huge store of sequestered carbon continued to build for 90 million years. Then, fortunately for the future of life, white rot fungi evolved to produce the enzymes that c ...
... atop one another until they were 100 metres or more in depth. This was the making of the great coal beds around the world, as this huge store of sequestered carbon continued to build for 90 million years. Then, fortunately for the future of life, white rot fungi evolved to produce the enzymes that c ...
Pacific Region Climate Change Science and Learning Opportunities
... national parks, and in some cases in rapid and concerning ways. These changes will have implications for what visitors see and experience in national parks and will require new approaches to the protection of natural and historic resources within parks. “Studies like this are critical to inform nati ...
... national parks, and in some cases in rapid and concerning ways. These changes will have implications for what visitors see and experience in national parks and will require new approaches to the protection of natural and historic resources within parks. “Studies like this are critical to inform nati ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...
... et al. (1999) as further evidence that the Central Grasslands in the USA and the Earth were warming. Escalating the issue further, the news media report on this work sensationalized that ‘Global warming could mean trouble for ranchers on the plains of Colorado and New Mexico’ (Associated Press). Thi ...
Probabilistic projections of climate change over China - HAL-Insu
... end of the twenty-first century under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) emission scenario. Data from 28 coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are used. The methodology consists of ranking the 28 models, based on their ability to simulate climate over Chi ...
... end of the twenty-first century under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) emission scenario. Data from 28 coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are used. The methodology consists of ranking the 28 models, based on their ability to simulate climate over Chi ...
PFCs
... change and ozone depletion? Actions taken under the Montreal Protocol have led to the replacement of CFCs with HCFCs, HFCs, and other substances and processes. Because replacement species generally have lower Global Warming Potentials11 (GWPs), and because total halocarbon emissions have decreased, ...
... change and ozone depletion? Actions taken under the Montreal Protocol have led to the replacement of CFCs with HCFCs, HFCs, and other substances and processes. Because replacement species generally have lower Global Warming Potentials11 (GWPs), and because total halocarbon emissions have decreased, ...
Mistreatment of the economic impacts of extreme events
... However, in making its case for the significant future economic costs of extreme weather events in developed countries the Stern Review commits two significant errors that affect its estimates. In its Chapter 5 the Stern Review concludes, ‘‘The costs of climate change for developed countries could rea ...
... However, in making its case for the significant future economic costs of extreme weather events in developed countries the Stern Review commits two significant errors that affect its estimates. In its Chapter 5 the Stern Review concludes, ‘‘The costs of climate change for developed countries could rea ...
PDF
... that already receive high rainfall may experience further increases. Extreme climate events such as droughts are likely to become more common. These patterns are evident in projections of climate change for the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia. To understand the effects of climate change, as modifi ...
... that already receive high rainfall may experience further increases. Extreme climate events such as droughts are likely to become more common. These patterns are evident in projections of climate change for the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia. To understand the effects of climate change, as modifi ...
Empathy and Climate Change
... drain on national income as we try to deal with the damage, and individuals will face a reduction in living standards, for instance due to higher food and energy prices. A second major approach, based on ideas of justice and rights, is to argue that we have a moral obligation not to harm the lives o ...
... drain on national income as we try to deal with the damage, and individuals will face a reduction in living standards, for instance due to higher food and energy prices. A second major approach, based on ideas of justice and rights, is to argue that we have a moral obligation not to harm the lives o ...
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate - Recent Research Results
... the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are co ...
... the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radiative forcing and its range are also shown. These require summing asymmetric uncertainty estimates from the component terms, and cannot be obtained by simple addition. Additional forcing factors not included here are co ...
Developing countries and the future of the Kyoto Protocol
... The strong and consistent reaction from developing countries was that they would not even discuss the issue of future commitments.6 Some developing country governments might however be prepared to at least discuss commitments, partly as a way to re-engage the United States. Raúl Estrada Oyuela, chai ...
... The strong and consistent reaction from developing countries was that they would not even discuss the issue of future commitments.6 Some developing country governments might however be prepared to at least discuss commitments, partly as a way to re-engage the United States. Raúl Estrada Oyuela, chai ...
Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Production
... In 1988, the scientific community began an organized international effort to assess global climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization, and it serves as the leading international ...
... In 1988, the scientific community began an organized international effort to assess global climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization, and it serves as the leading international ...
Human contribution to more-intense precipitation extremes
... in the characteristics of such events, including recent increases in the intensity of heavy precipitation events over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere land area3–5, is critical for reliable projections of future changes. Given that atmospheric water-holding capacity is expected to increase ro ...
... in the characteristics of such events, including recent increases in the intensity of heavy precipitation events over a large part of the Northern Hemisphere land area3–5, is critical for reliable projections of future changes. Given that atmospheric water-holding capacity is expected to increase ro ...
Science Plan for LTEO - Ministry of Environment and Forests
... stabilization of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. According to the UNFCCC, climate change refers to the change in climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, beyon ...
... stabilization of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. According to the UNFCCC, climate change refers to the change in climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, beyon ...
The Risks of Multiple Breadbasket Failures in the 21st Century: A
... A relatively small area of the world, 23 percent of total cropland, accounts for a large proportion of total global cereal production, with most of the area devoted to the production of the world’s three major cereal crops: maize (70.3 percent), wheat (69.3 percent) and rice (84.5 percent) (Food and ...
... A relatively small area of the world, 23 percent of total cropland, accounts for a large proportion of total global cereal production, with most of the area devoted to the production of the world’s three major cereal crops: maize (70.3 percent), wheat (69.3 percent) and rice (84.5 percent) (Food and ...
Announcement of Opportunity
... encapsulate how changes in the biological, chemical and physical elements of the SO carbon system influence global climate, and might involve, for example, the upper-ocean mixed layer depth16, extent of sea ice 19, strength of the overturning circulation 20, rate of biological export 21, and partiti ...
... encapsulate how changes in the biological, chemical and physical elements of the SO carbon system influence global climate, and might involve, for example, the upper-ocean mixed layer depth16, extent of sea ice 19, strength of the overturning circulation 20, rate of biological export 21, and partiti ...
Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old
... If particular vegetation structural characteristics can abate the effects of regional climate change (12), land management has the potential to either amplify or buffer these effects on biodiversity (13). Given the rapid global changes in land use (14), it is critical to understand the degree to whi ...
... If particular vegetation structural characteristics can abate the effects of regional climate change (12), land management has the potential to either amplify or buffer these effects on biodiversity (13). Given the rapid global changes in land use (14), it is critical to understand the degree to whi ...
Computational data sciences may offer a path
... uncertainties, especially at local to regional scales for annual or seasonal projections over decades and centuries, and (3) enhanced predictive insights over and above what may be obtained from direct extrapolation of historical trends or analysis of climate model simulations. The volume of the dat ...
... uncertainties, especially at local to regional scales for annual or seasonal projections over decades and centuries, and (3) enhanced predictive insights over and above what may be obtained from direct extrapolation of historical trends or analysis of climate model simulations. The volume of the dat ...
Weather, Climate, and Worldviews: The Sources
... actual changes in weather patterns, and because perceptions of local weather may be more influential than actual weather in the formation of opinion about climate change. The relative importance of perceptions is indicated in research on local vulnerabilities to climate variation; the influence of p ...
... actual changes in weather patterns, and because perceptions of local weather may be more influential than actual weather in the formation of opinion about climate change. The relative importance of perceptions is indicated in research on local vulnerabilities to climate variation; the influence of p ...
View/Open
... According to IPCC projections (1998), equatorial countries (for example, Cameroon, Uganda, and Kenya) may be about 1.4°C warmer by 2050, a rate of warming of about 0.2°C per decade. Sea surface temperatures in the open tropical oceans surrounding Africa will rise by less than the global average (i.e ...
... According to IPCC projections (1998), equatorial countries (for example, Cameroon, Uganda, and Kenya) may be about 1.4°C warmer by 2050, a rate of warming of about 0.2°C per decade. Sea surface temperatures in the open tropical oceans surrounding Africa will rise by less than the global average (i.e ...
Managing Climate Change: The Africa Group in Multilateral
... nots. The south wishes to not only have economic development but also a say in political decisions that affect its future. This is especially true in the case of multilateral negotiations; the notion of north-south is not only about economic poverty but about the poverty of influence (Najam 2005). C ...
... nots. The south wishes to not only have economic development but also a say in political decisions that affect its future. This is especially true in the case of multilateral negotiations; the notion of north-south is not only about economic poverty but about the poverty of influence (Najam 2005). C ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.