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The Paris Agreement: A New Beginning
... of the u.s. and China – the world’s biggest polluters – in 2014 to commit to national mitigation targets, and the G7 Declaration of Elmau,2 carefully orchestrated by the German government, to aim for a ‘decarbonisation of the global economy over the course of the century’, provided important milesto ...
... of the u.s. and China – the world’s biggest polluters – in 2014 to commit to national mitigation targets, and the G7 Declaration of Elmau,2 carefully orchestrated by the German government, to aim for a ‘decarbonisation of the global economy over the course of the century’, provided important milesto ...
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... price variations. Hence, we observed that the production of wheat and maize, which can be considered staple foods, follows the pattern of changes in yields, whereas soybean and rapeseed production varies significantly with the global price level. On the other hand, we also observed that extreme chan ...
... price variations. Hence, we observed that the production of wheat and maize, which can be considered staple foods, follows the pattern of changes in yields, whereas soybean and rapeseed production varies significantly with the global price level. On the other hand, we also observed that extreme chan ...
The Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR
... results of public expenditures and may cover all government expenditure or focus on a few priority sectors. In the case of climate change actions, there is a conceptual hurdle to overcome as such actions are not limited to one or a few sectors, but represent new and additional incremental costs that ...
... results of public expenditures and may cover all government expenditure or focus on a few priority sectors. In the case of climate change actions, there is a conceptual hurdle to overcome as such actions are not limited to one or a few sectors, but represent new and additional incremental costs that ...
European Journal of Legal Studies
... emissions targets) were put to one side during the negotiations, despite the vocal objections of Bolivia. (In the UN machinery, consensus among the parties is required, which, according to COP-16 Chair, Mexican Foreign Minister Patricia Espinosa, does not mean unanimity. Therefore, one country—i.e., ...
... emissions targets) were put to one side during the negotiations, despite the vocal objections of Bolivia. (In the UN machinery, consensus among the parties is required, which, according to COP-16 Chair, Mexican Foreign Minister Patricia Espinosa, does not mean unanimity. Therefore, one country—i.e., ...
Analysis of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Air Temperature
... energy. Climate change over the last century is a subject of great topical interest. This problem worries the scientific community, as it could have a major impact on natural and social systems at local, regional and national scales. Numerous climatologists [2,3]; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
... energy. Climate change over the last century is a subject of great topical interest. This problem worries the scientific community, as it could have a major impact on natural and social systems at local, regional and national scales. Numerous climatologists [2,3]; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
Regional climate model data used within the SWURVE project
... change) to produce a probability distribution for regional temperature and precipitation. The methods differ in terms of the distribution used for the respective probability distribution function. For scaling variables, the first method assumes a uniform distribution, whilst the second method assume ...
... change) to produce a probability distribution for regional temperature and precipitation. The methods differ in terms of the distribution used for the respective probability distribution function. For scaling variables, the first method assumes a uniform distribution, whilst the second method assume ...
A fair climate deal in Paris means adequate finance to deliver INDCs
... international financial needs. Six did not provide any cost estimates. And four have yet to submit an INDC. The submitted INDCs vary in their start date and duration. In some cases the lifespan of an INDC even varies within country, between adaptation and mitigation. Where possible, we used ‘real’ d ...
... international financial needs. Six did not provide any cost estimates. And four have yet to submit an INDC. The submitted INDCs vary in their start date and duration. In some cases the lifespan of an INDC even varies within country, between adaptation and mitigation. Where possible, we used ‘real’ d ...
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... Taking these forces into account and revealing their interactions with climate change can, on the one hand, provide a more realistic description of the scenarios chosen. On the other hand, it can help to reveal the relative importance of climate change among the various “stressors” farmers are expos ...
... Taking these forces into account and revealing their interactions with climate change can, on the one hand, provide a more realistic description of the scenarios chosen. On the other hand, it can help to reveal the relative importance of climate change among the various “stressors” farmers are expos ...
LCCARL265_en.pdf
... generate future climate projections or climate scenarios 4 through the use of climate models. In general terms, a climate model could be defined as a mathematical representation of the climate system based on physical, biophysical and chemical principles (figure 1). As the atmospheric weather and th ...
... generate future climate projections or climate scenarios 4 through the use of climate models. In general terms, a climate model could be defined as a mathematical representation of the climate system based on physical, biophysical and chemical principles (figure 1). As the atmospheric weather and th ...
Future climate warming and changes to mountain permafrost in the
... et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost (Haeberli et al. 1993). However, although it is “virtually certain” that Northern Hemisphere permafrost will continue to decline during the 21st century (IPCC 2013, p.1032), similar predi ...
... et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost (Haeberli et al. 1993). However, although it is “virtually certain” that Northern Hemisphere permafrost will continue to decline during the 21st century (IPCC 2013, p.1032), similar predi ...
The Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of the
... forest have been converted to agricultural activities and settlement leading to a net loss of the natural forest area. Nonetheless, the lands surrounding the forest area have the potential to sequester a certain amount of carbon that has socio- economic value. In recent years, carbon sequestration i ...
... forest have been converted to agricultural activities and settlement leading to a net loss of the natural forest area. Nonetheless, the lands surrounding the forest area have the potential to sequester a certain amount of carbon that has socio- economic value. In recent years, carbon sequestration i ...
Retreat of Himalayan Glaciers – Indicator of Climate Change
... Trends in long time series of cumulative glacier-length ...
... Trends in long time series of cumulative glacier-length ...
Less Snow, Less Water: Climate Disruption in the West
... 21st Century, compared to 1990.6 Such a broad range in the predictions comes half from uncertainty about what future levels of climatechanging emissions will be, and half from uncertainty in the various models used, which yield different results. In any event, the American West is likely to heat up ...
... 21st Century, compared to 1990.6 Such a broad range in the predictions comes half from uncertainty about what future levels of climatechanging emissions will be, and half from uncertainty in the various models used, which yield different results. In any event, the American West is likely to heat up ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... Downloaded from scx.sagepub.com at American University Library on August 19, 2014 ...
... Downloaded from scx.sagepub.com at American University Library on August 19, 2014 ...
Ecosystems
... Further understanding needed: How do ecosystems respond to continuously changing conditions (esp. on human time scales)? (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) ...
... Further understanding needed: How do ecosystems respond to continuously changing conditions (esp. on human time scales)? (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) ...
(RBD), Version 1.0
... clear skies (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997), and provides the largest positive feedback in model projections of climate change (Held and Soden, 2000). In the stratosphere, there are potentially important radiative impacts due to anthropogenic sources of water vapour, such as from methane oxidation. In t ...
... clear skies (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997), and provides the largest positive feedback in model projections of climate change (Held and Soden, 2000). In the stratosphere, there are potentially important radiative impacts due to anthropogenic sources of water vapour, such as from methane oxidation. In t ...
... The outcomes from investigating the agriculture sector indicate that for the sugar-cane subsector the harvests under both the A2 and B2 scenarios decrease at first and then increase as the mid-century mark is approached. With respect to the yam subsector the results indicate that the yield of yam wi ...
Climate Change Action Plan
... that have been established in the first three years of the GBR Climate Change Response Program, funded by the Australian Government through the AGO and the GBRMPA. Built on well-established resilience principles, it outlines a five year program of actions that GBR managers can take, in collaboration ...
... that have been established in the first three years of the GBR Climate Change Response Program, funded by the Australian Government through the AGO and the GBRMPA. Built on well-established resilience principles, it outlines a five year program of actions that GBR managers can take, in collaboration ...
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... came from a set of polar orbiting satellites operated by the US Department of Defense. These satellites are equipped with sensors that measure surface temperature by detecting microwaves that pass through clouds. However, these satellites do not measure precipitation directly. Hence, we use precipit ...
... came from a set of polar orbiting satellites operated by the US Department of Defense. These satellites are equipped with sensors that measure surface temperature by detecting microwaves that pass through clouds. However, these satellites do not measure precipitation directly. Hence, we use precipit ...
Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of
... percent of the global total human greenhouse gas emissions. Industrial growth in China adds an additional Alaska’s worth of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each and every month (over and above its baseline emissions). This leads to the inescapable conclusion that even a complete cessation of all ...
... percent of the global total human greenhouse gas emissions. Industrial growth in China adds an additional Alaska’s worth of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each and every month (over and above its baseline emissions). This leads to the inescapable conclusion that even a complete cessation of all ...
Protecting Food Security of Mekong River Basin through Climate Change Adaptation A Regional Collaborative Effort – MRC Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative
... With current planting date, A2 may increase rain-fed rice yield by 1028% in Lao, 8-17% in Thailand, and varied by -6 to 6% in Cambodia and -2 to 11% in Mekong Delta Yield increase is higher in A2 while yield decrease is higher in B2 High variation in yield from year to year indicates higher uncertai ...
... With current planting date, A2 may increase rain-fed rice yield by 1028% in Lao, 8-17% in Thailand, and varied by -6 to 6% in Cambodia and -2 to 11% in Mekong Delta Yield increase is higher in A2 while yield decrease is higher in B2 High variation in yield from year to year indicates higher uncertai ...
Controls of Global-Mean Precipitation Increases in
... controls on the model hydrological cycle formulated in terms of the ratio introduced in section 3. This section shows that the rate at which radiation is emitted from the atmosphere by water vapor establishes a basic reference limit on this ratio with values that are substantially below that expec ...
... controls on the model hydrological cycle formulated in terms of the ratio introduced in section 3. This section shows that the rate at which radiation is emitted from the atmosphere by water vapor establishes a basic reference limit on this ratio with values that are substantially below that expec ...
Pluralising climate change solutions? Views held and voiced by
... “the elements of a deliberative system can be discerned, even if only in putative or compromised form” (Dryzek and Stevenson, 2011, pp. 1873). Their study provides a first assessment of climate discourses voiced at climate change side-events. They conclude that the range of perspectives, some of whic ...
... “the elements of a deliberative system can be discerned, even if only in putative or compromised form” (Dryzek and Stevenson, 2011, pp. 1873). Their study provides a first assessment of climate discourses voiced at climate change side-events. They conclude that the range of perspectives, some of whic ...
Chapter 10 Liability
... Date of knowledge and foreseeability The key issues in any legal action are likely to be based around when the claim was triggered and what action should have been taken prior to that date to prevent or minimise the loss, based on the available knowledge at that time. This will of course vary on a c ...
... Date of knowledge and foreseeability The key issues in any legal action are likely to be based around when the claim was triggered and what action should have been taken prior to that date to prevent or minimise the loss, based on the available knowledge at that time. This will of course vary on a c ...
Conceptual framework: Definitions for key concepts
... The IPCC AR4 (IPCC, 2007) defines an integrated impact assessment as: “An interdisciplinary process of combining, interpreting and communicating knowledge from diverse scientific disciplines so that all relevant aspects of a complex societal issue can be evaluated and considered for the benefit of d ...
... The IPCC AR4 (IPCC, 2007) defines an integrated impact assessment as: “An interdisciplinary process of combining, interpreting and communicating knowledge from diverse scientific disciplines so that all relevant aspects of a complex societal issue can be evaluated and considered for the benefit of d ...
Fred Singer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S_Fred_Singer_2011.jpg?width=300)
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.