![A Decade of Synthesis and Modeling in the U.S. Joint Global Ocean](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002676941_1-80fe1101708b76293a63228a456baf44-300x300.png)
A Decade of Synthesis and Modeling in the U.S. Joint Global Ocean
... behavior for the different groups (e.g., Moore et al., 2002a; Moore et al., 2004). Hood et al. (2006) provide a comprehensive review of the topic and detail the state of the art at representing all the major functional groups. A complementary tack has been to break the fixed Redfield (C:N:P) ratios ...
... behavior for the different groups (e.g., Moore et al., 2002a; Moore et al., 2004). Hood et al. (2006) provide a comprehensive review of the topic and detail the state of the art at representing all the major functional groups. A complementary tack has been to break the fixed Redfield (C:N:P) ratios ...
global warming and phanerozoic climate change
... are based on the evolution of the Sun’s spectral irradiance, respectively the Sun’s magnetic field and irradiance up to 1980 and on ACRIM satellite data thereafter. Northern Hemisphere temperatures given in the background were derived from proxy records up to about 1850, from instrumental surface te ...
... are based on the evolution of the Sun’s spectral irradiance, respectively the Sun’s magnetic field and irradiance up to 1980 and on ACRIM satellite data thereafter. Northern Hemisphere temperatures given in the background were derived from proxy records up to about 1850, from instrumental surface te ...
Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change
... relative to their rural neighbours. Sites in or bordering the United States were classified by satellite-observed night-time surface lighting; elsewhere, they were classified by population data. The temperature data were from the GHCN which includes the United States Historical Climate Network (USHC ...
... relative to their rural neighbours. Sites in or bordering the United States were classified by satellite-observed night-time surface lighting; elsewhere, they were classified by population data. The temperature data were from the GHCN which includes the United States Historical Climate Network (USHC ...
global climate change
... Warming will increase if GHG increase. If GHG were kept fixed at current levels, a committed 0.6°C of further warming would be expected by 2100. More warming would accompany more emission. ...
... Warming will increase if GHG increase. If GHG were kept fixed at current levels, a committed 0.6°C of further warming would be expected by 2100. More warming would accompany more emission. ...
Climate - Net Texts
... altitudes, the air is less dense and air molecules are more spread out and less likely to collide. A location in the mountains has lower average temperatures than one at the base of the mountains. In Colorado, for example, Lakewood (5,640 feet) average annual temperature is 62o F (17o C), while Cli ...
... altitudes, the air is less dense and air molecules are more spread out and less likely to collide. A location in the mountains has lower average temperatures than one at the base of the mountains. In Colorado, for example, Lakewood (5,640 feet) average annual temperature is 62o F (17o C), while Cli ...
The influence of dynamic vegetation on the present
... the physical parameters. However, the increased complexity can also result in larger and/or more numerous systematic biases in models. The growth of systematic errors in General Circulation Models (GCMs) remains one of the central problems in providing accurate projections of climate change for the ...
... the physical parameters. However, the increased complexity can also result in larger and/or more numerous systematic biases in models. The growth of systematic errors in General Circulation Models (GCMs) remains one of the central problems in providing accurate projections of climate change for the ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES UNCERTAINTY AND DECISION IN CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS
... probabilistic framework without making some strong subjective judgements about how to combine estimates from different studies (Knutti et al., 2010; Knutti, 2010). It would however be much too strong to say that there is no information in the set of distributions in Figure 1. It’s clearly very unlik ...
... probabilistic framework without making some strong subjective judgements about how to combine estimates from different studies (Knutti et al., 2010; Knutti, 2010). It would however be much too strong to say that there is no information in the set of distributions in Figure 1. It’s clearly very unlik ...
How The Wall Street Journal Opinion Section
... science in the Wall Street Journal’s opinion section were misleading (39 out of 48 instances.) Another independent assessment comes from the online Scientific Trust Tracker, where climate scientists have rated four op-eds89 published in the Wall Street Journal since 2015 as having “low” to “very low ...
... science in the Wall Street Journal’s opinion section were misleading (39 out of 48 instances.) Another independent assessment comes from the online Scientific Trust Tracker, where climate scientists have rated four op-eds89 published in the Wall Street Journal since 2015 as having “low” to “very low ...
Response of subarctic vegetation to transient climatic change on the
... Model simulations were conducted in north-west Alaska on the Seward Peninsula (the simulation landscape measured 200 3 400 km) (Fig. 1a). The area was selected because it includes a climate/vegetation gradient from upland tundra to treeline, and therefore might undergo considerable vegetation change ...
... Model simulations were conducted in north-west Alaska on the Seward Peninsula (the simulation landscape measured 200 3 400 km) (Fig. 1a). The area was selected because it includes a climate/vegetation gradient from upland tundra to treeline, and therefore might undergo considerable vegetation change ...
Rose and Rayborn, "The effects of ocean heat uptake on transient
... patterns of OHU. This model demonstrates how timedependent climate sensitivity emerges as a consequence of the slow decay of a high-efficacy subpolar mode of OHU. In “What Determines the Efficacy of Ocean Heat Uptake?”, we review classic and recent results showing the key role of SW cloud feedbacks ...
... patterns of OHU. This model demonstrates how timedependent climate sensitivity emerges as a consequence of the slow decay of a high-efficacy subpolar mode of OHU. In “What Determines the Efficacy of Ocean Heat Uptake?”, we review classic and recent results showing the key role of SW cloud feedbacks ...
C02 Levels in the Atmosphere Worksheet Introduction: The Earth`s
... Solar Sensors at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii Keelings data showed the first significant evidence of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve The world's most current data for atmospheric CO2 is from measurements at the Mauna Loa Observato ...
... Solar Sensors at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii Keelings data showed the first significant evidence of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve The world's most current data for atmospheric CO2 is from measurements at the Mauna Loa Observato ...
Climate change, phenological shifts, eco
... forecasts from AOGCMs to project population numbers. If it is not possible to obtain the whole time series forecast, stochastic population growth rates can be calculated using a specific time window or climate change scenario where climate is assumed to be stationary (e.g., Wolf et al. 2010). Climat ...
... forecasts from AOGCMs to project population numbers. If it is not possible to obtain the whole time series forecast, stochastic population growth rates can be calculated using a specific time window or climate change scenario where climate is assumed to be stationary (e.g., Wolf et al. 2010). Climat ...
Worksheets on Climate Change: Going under! The threat of rising
... This is partly due to the lack of access to capital, knowhow and technology, but also to the size of the country. In many cases migration, both within and outside the country, is a last resort. This is why solutions need to be found urgently to prevent a disaster. Limiting climate change is still po ...
... This is partly due to the lack of access to capital, knowhow and technology, but also to the size of the country. In many cases migration, both within and outside the country, is a last resort. This is why solutions need to be found urgently to prevent a disaster. Limiting climate change is still po ...
The distributional impact of climate change on rich and poor countries
... distributional consequences of climate change impacts. The early literature on greenhouse gases did not raise serious concerns about the distributional impact of climate change (Nordhaus, 1991; Tol, 1995; Fankhauser, 1995; Pearce et al., 1996). This early literature largely assumed that damages were ...
... distributional consequences of climate change impacts. The early literature on greenhouse gases did not raise serious concerns about the distributional impact of climate change (Nordhaus, 1991; Tol, 1995; Fankhauser, 1995; Pearce et al., 1996). This early literature largely assumed that damages were ...
Calculating the social cost of carbon
... be compared with the costs of reducing emissions, one needs an Integrated Assessment Model that estimates the economic impact of the climate impacts, aggregates these impacts across regions and over time to give a present value that can be compared with the investment costs of mitigating climate cha ...
... be compared with the costs of reducing emissions, one needs an Integrated Assessment Model that estimates the economic impact of the climate impacts, aggregates these impacts across regions and over time to give a present value that can be compared with the investment costs of mitigating climate cha ...
iprc climate vol14 no1
... uman effects on the global climate system, principally through altering the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, are expected to lead to significant warming and other associated changes in the climate worldwide. Human-induced climate changes are likely already obs ...
... uman effects on the global climate system, principally through altering the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, are expected to lead to significant warming and other associated changes in the climate worldwide. Human-induced climate changes are likely already obs ...
CIAS
... Hence the CIAS system is particularly well designed to address Jakeman et al. ‘s (2006) tenth recommendation for good practise in environmental modelling: evaluating the model through comparisons with alternatives, which he considers is rarely possible in large integrated models. ...
... Hence the CIAS system is particularly well designed to address Jakeman et al. ‘s (2006) tenth recommendation for good practise in environmental modelling: evaluating the model through comparisons with alternatives, which he considers is rarely possible in large integrated models. ...
Read and the brochure here
... instruments covering in-situ observations, satellites, data integration and modeling. The pan-European Research Infrastructure ICOS RI is a cornerstone of these global observations. ICOS will also contribute to the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS) by monitoring essential variables in order t ...
... instruments covering in-situ observations, satellites, data integration and modeling. The pan-European Research Infrastructure ICOS RI is a cornerstone of these global observations. ICOS will also contribute to the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS) by monitoring essential variables in order t ...
1) Bad Ideas - CBC Ombudsman - Radio
... If you juxtapose a non-scientist (Epstein) or unqualified inactive non-climate scientist (Moore) with scientists in the field, you cannot call the non-experts—who do not know what they are talking about and make up their own facts—"contrarians". The big-name denialists are self-promoting mischief-ma ...
... If you juxtapose a non-scientist (Epstein) or unqualified inactive non-climate scientist (Moore) with scientists in the field, you cannot call the non-experts—who do not know what they are talking about and make up their own facts—"contrarians". The big-name denialists are self-promoting mischief-ma ...
Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?
... [38]. These rapid changes do not occur in existing ice sheet models, which are missing critical physics of ice sheet disintegration [39]. Sea level changes of several meters per century occur in the paleoclimate record [32, 33], in response to forcings slower and weaker than the present human-made f ...
... [38]. These rapid changes do not occur in existing ice sheet models, which are missing critical physics of ice sheet disintegration [39]. Sea level changes of several meters per century occur in the paleoclimate record [32, 33], in response to forcings slower and weaker than the present human-made f ...
COSTA RICA`s
... Executive Decree #35669 of January 6 th of 2010, which defines the MINAE’s Organic Regulation and appoints MINAE’s Climate Change Department as the entity in charge of implementing climate change policies. The 2015-2018 National Development Plan sets the main policy objectives for the Solis Rivera A ...
... Executive Decree #35669 of January 6 th of 2010, which defines the MINAE’s Organic Regulation and appoints MINAE’s Climate Change Department as the entity in charge of implementing climate change policies. The 2015-2018 National Development Plan sets the main policy objectives for the Solis Rivera A ...
Adaptation policy and practice in densely populated glacier
... the mainstream policy discourse of the concerned countries. There is already recognition of the threat by the national governments, as evident from several initiatives and policy measures adopted in the region. As part of their reporting obligations to the United Nations Framework Convention on Clim ...
... the mainstream policy discourse of the concerned countries. There is already recognition of the threat by the national governments, as evident from several initiatives and policy measures adopted in the region. As part of their reporting obligations to the United Nations Framework Convention on Clim ...
Changing probabilities of daily temperature extremes in the UK
... several sites in the UK. For each site, a number of probability distributions were tested for goodness-offit to 1961-87 observed daily maximum and minimum temperature data using the KolmogorovSmirnov test. The parameters of the best-fitting distributions were then perturbed to take into account clun ...
... several sites in the UK. For each site, a number of probability distributions were tested for goodness-offit to 1961-87 observed daily maximum and minimum temperature data using the KolmogorovSmirnov test. The parameters of the best-fitting distributions were then perturbed to take into account clun ...
8 Research and systematic observation
... a preparatory phase (2008-2013) to an operational phase running until 2031. The ICOS links research, education and innovation to promote technological developments and demonstrations related to greenhouse gases. The ICOS Head Office is located in Helsinki, with the secondary node being in Paris. The ...
... a preparatory phase (2008-2013) to an operational phase running until 2031. The ICOS links research, education and innovation to promote technological developments and demonstrations related to greenhouse gases. The ICOS Head Office is located in Helsinki, with the secondary node being in Paris. The ...
a draft strategy towards climate change action plans for
... national decision-making processes. These groups will link into the local authorities and other relevant bodies in order to plan and carry out proper climate change awareness programmes and promotional activities that will involve all citizens – from primary-school children, who will learn about cli ...
... national decision-making processes. These groups will link into the local authorities and other relevant bodies in order to plan and carry out proper climate change awareness programmes and promotional activities that will involve all citizens – from primary-school children, who will learn about cli ...
Fred Singer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S_Fred_Singer_2011.jpg?width=300)
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.