Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and
... review is based mostly on evidence in temperate regions, and we discuss the extrapolation to regions for which little knowledge of O3 effects currently exists. Finally, we assess possible risks and benefits of different climate and air pollution policies for the ERs, and for the major biomes within ...
... review is based mostly on evidence in temperate regions, and we discuss the extrapolation to regions for which little knowledge of O3 effects currently exists. Finally, we assess possible risks and benefits of different climate and air pollution policies for the ERs, and for the major biomes within ...
Atmospheric moisture transport: the bridge between ocean
... The analysis adopted here to discuss existing results is mostly based on the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART (Bintanja and Selten, 2014; Stohl and James, 2004), using data from 1979 to 2013 obtained from the ERAInterim reanalysis of the ECMWF (Dee et al., 2011), which can be considered ...
... The analysis adopted here to discuss existing results is mostly based on the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART (Bintanja and Selten, 2014; Stohl and James, 2004), using data from 1979 to 2013 obtained from the ERAInterim reanalysis of the ECMWF (Dee et al., 2011), which can be considered ...
Arunanondchai, P., C.C. Fei, A.C. Fisher, B.A. McCarl, W.W. Wang
... One is that they omit the potential increase in global mean temperature (GMT) due to Arctic permafrost melting and release of carbon dioxide and methane. This omission may be defensible on the grounds that the cumulative release is uncertain at this time, but it is already occurring on a small scale ...
... One is that they omit the potential increase in global mean temperature (GMT) due to Arctic permafrost melting and release of carbon dioxide and methane. This omission may be defensible on the grounds that the cumulative release is uncertain at this time, but it is already occurring on a small scale ...
Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Indian Policy Planning
... cope with the consequences. McCarthy et al (2001) refer to vulnerability as ‘‘a function of wealth, technology, education, information, skills infrastructure, access to resources, and stability and management capabilities’. Sensitivity refers to the degree to which a system will respond to a change ...
... cope with the consequences. McCarthy et al (2001) refer to vulnerability as ‘‘a function of wealth, technology, education, information, skills infrastructure, access to resources, and stability and management capabilities’. Sensitivity refers to the degree to which a system will respond to a change ...
Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and
... differential of adjacent grid cells, measured in °C km 1. The division cancels the °C units, while units of kilometre in the denominator and the units of year in the numerator swap positions. The resulting variable is a speed or velocity measured in units of kilometres per year, and represents an in ...
... differential of adjacent grid cells, measured in °C km 1. The division cancels the °C units, while units of kilometre in the denominator and the units of year in the numerator swap positions. The resulting variable is a speed or velocity measured in units of kilometres per year, and represents an in ...
Climate change and water in the UK – past
... regional projections. Lack of information, or perhaps just a perception of a lack of information, seems to act as a barrier to adaptation action (Moser and Ekstrom, 2010). Even when decision-makers consciously choose approaches that favour flexible or low-regrets solutions, such as scenario-neutral ...
... regional projections. Lack of information, or perhaps just a perception of a lack of information, seems to act as a barrier to adaptation action (Moser and Ekstrom, 2010). Even when decision-makers consciously choose approaches that favour flexible or low-regrets solutions, such as scenario-neutral ...
s1|2008 protected areas and biodiversity conservation special issue
... frequently non-targeted nature, with its subject (here: possible climate change) and object (here: any component of our biotic and abiotic environment) not being obviously manifest. “Threat” is used here in the sense of an indication of imminent or manifest danger that implies the identification of ...
... frequently non-targeted nature, with its subject (here: possible climate change) and object (here: any component of our biotic and abiotic environment) not being obviously manifest. “Threat” is used here in the sense of an indication of imminent or manifest danger that implies the identification of ...
Why recognising variability and scale matters for t
... data, we divide the study area into several parts and then identify different change patterns in each part. Through NDVI analysis, we found that due to the control of monsoon climate and geological structure, the temperature, precipitation and the vegetation are characterizing of zonality in Mongol ...
... data, we divide the study area into several parts and then identify different change patterns in each part. Through NDVI analysis, we found that due to the control of monsoon climate and geological structure, the temperature, precipitation and the vegetation are characterizing of zonality in Mongol ...
Characterizing and attributing the warming trend in sea and land
... warming trend. Year 2015 was the warmest on record by a considerable margin, does this imply that the slowdown in the warming has ended? Does it imply that the slowdown never really existed? Recent papers have analyzed unfiltered global temperature series and have concluded that the recent slowdown ...
... warming trend. Year 2015 was the warmest on record by a considerable margin, does this imply that the slowdown in the warming has ended? Does it imply that the slowdown never really existed? Recent papers have analyzed unfiltered global temperature series and have concluded that the recent slowdown ...
Landscaping climate change: a mapping technique for
... these assumptions and potentials by discussing both the current epistemological value of webbased information and the socio-political value of public participation on the net. We tackle these issues with the aid of a case study on the climate change debate on the World Wide Web. While it is acknowle ...
... these assumptions and potentials by discussing both the current epistemological value of webbased information and the socio-political value of public participation on the net. We tackle these issues with the aid of a case study on the climate change debate on the World Wide Web. While it is acknowle ...
Positive feedback between future climate change
... [Hansen et al., 1984], we define the gain of the climate system carbon cycle feedback, g, as ∂ ∗ T /∂C × ∂ ∗ C/∂T where the first term represents the overall physical sensitivity of temperature to atmospheric CO2 , and the second term represents the overall sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 to temperatur ...
... [Hansen et al., 1984], we define the gain of the climate system carbon cycle feedback, g, as ∂ ∗ T /∂C × ∂ ∗ C/∂T where the first term represents the overall physical sensitivity of temperature to atmospheric CO2 , and the second term represents the overall sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 to temperatur ...
Climate change - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
... statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These relevant quantities are most often surfa ...
... statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These relevant quantities are most often surfa ...
The demographic impacts of shifts in climate means and extremes
... We contrast two species of Colias in our studies: the high-elevation (3600 m) Colias meadii (Mesa Seco, Hinsdale County, CO, USA) and low-elevation (1700 m) Colias eriphyle (Montrose, Montrose County, CO, USA). C. meadii is restricted to high-elevation meadows (3200–3700 m) (Watt et al. 1977), wher ...
... We contrast two species of Colias in our studies: the high-elevation (3600 m) Colias meadii (Mesa Seco, Hinsdale County, CO, USA) and low-elevation (1700 m) Colias eriphyle (Montrose, Montrose County, CO, USA). C. meadii is restricted to high-elevation meadows (3200–3700 m) (Watt et al. 1977), wher ...
Polar Bears on Ice - Canadian Geographic Education
... the last thing you want to see is for them to become extinct (which is a possibility if things continue the way they are). What can you do about it, though? Well… Global warming has natural causes, for example the release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A ...
... the last thing you want to see is for them to become extinct (which is a possibility if things continue the way they are). What can you do about it, though? Well… Global warming has natural causes, for example the release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A ...
- Bipartisan Policy Center
... For the first time, researchers in Alaska have attempted to estimate what just a few of the results of a warming climate – thawing permafrost, increasing rain, and retreating sea ice along the coast – are likely to cost for one aspect of Alaska's economy: public infrastructure, such as roads, bridge ...
... For the first time, researchers in Alaska have attempted to estimate what just a few of the results of a warming climate – thawing permafrost, increasing rain, and retreating sea ice along the coast – are likely to cost for one aspect of Alaska's economy: public infrastructure, such as roads, bridge ...
PDF
... of rainfall and maximum temperature for the specific planting and harvesting calendar for the main crops in Uganda from January to June. This enables us to highlight relevant differences between weather fluctuations and climate shocks as they represent essentially different phenomena and are expecte ...
... of rainfall and maximum temperature for the specific planting and harvesting calendar for the main crops in Uganda from January to June. This enables us to highlight relevant differences between weather fluctuations and climate shocks as they represent essentially different phenomena and are expecte ...
Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to Decadal Changes in
... NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA. 2Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. 3Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, S ...
... NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA. 2Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. 3Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, S ...
climate change in the american mind
... that are taking action to reduce global warming by buying their products, while 24 percent said they had punished companies opposing steps to reduce global warming by boycotting their products. Importantly, 48 percent – nearly half of the country – said they are willing to reward or punish companies ...
... that are taking action to reduce global warming by buying their products, while 24 percent said they had punished companies opposing steps to reduce global warming by boycotting their products. Importantly, 48 percent – nearly half of the country – said they are willing to reward or punish companies ...
Predicting species responses to climate change: demography and
... persistence within pockets of former species distributions. As valley oaks are a long-lived, non-mobile species, it is possible to compare the current distribution of adults (which indicates the past distribution of saplings that survived to adulthood) with the current distribution of saplings (whic ...
... persistence within pockets of former species distributions. As valley oaks are a long-lived, non-mobile species, it is possible to compare the current distribution of adults (which indicates the past distribution of saplings that survived to adulthood) with the current distribution of saplings (whic ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 2014). Protected Areas are not ecological islands or static systems; they are part of a broader socio-ecological context (Cumming et al. 2015) and are, in turn, affected by environmental changes (Alcaraz-Segura et al. 2008; Pettorelli et al. 2012). In South America, 20.4% of land surface is under pr ...
... 2014). Protected Areas are not ecological islands or static systems; they are part of a broader socio-ecological context (Cumming et al. 2015) and are, in turn, affected by environmental changes (Alcaraz-Segura et al. 2008; Pettorelli et al. 2012). In South America, 20.4% of land surface is under pr ...
Multidecadal Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability and
... Inter-annual to decadal climate prediction Mojib Latif, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at Kiel University ...
... Inter-annual to decadal climate prediction Mojib Latif, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at Kiel University ...
Tackling climate change and promoting sustainable
... access to the 1.2 billion people currently living without electricity; low carbon housing and urban development could open up job opportunities; climate-smart agriculture could increase crop yields; reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation could increase community resilience and protects ...
... access to the 1.2 billion people currently living without electricity; low carbon housing and urban development could open up job opportunities; climate-smart agriculture could increase crop yields; reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation could increase community resilience and protects ...
The biophysical link between climate, water, and vegetation in
... gas impacts of bioenergy agroecosystems that remain due to limitations in the analysis techniques. However, the direct biophysical water and climate impacts of bioenergy expansion and the biophysical interactions with biogeochemical impacts have received far less attention, and large uncertainties o ...
... gas impacts of bioenergy agroecosystems that remain due to limitations in the analysis techniques. However, the direct biophysical water and climate impacts of bioenergy expansion and the biophysical interactions with biogeochemical impacts have received far less attention, and large uncertainties o ...
The millennial atmospheric lifetime of anthropogenic CO2
... zonal mean seafloor 3D ocean, 2D seafloor Box ocean, box ...
... zonal mean seafloor 3D ocean, 2D seafloor Box ocean, box ...
Likely Impacts on New Zealand Agriculture
... the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to global temperature changes. In general, temperatures in New Zealand are expected to increase faster ...
... the global mean temperature change that will be experienced in coming decades. This is largely because our climate is controlled by the South Pacific and Antarctic Oceans, which respond only slowly to global temperature changes. In general, temperatures in New Zealand are expected to increase faster ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.