A question of survival
... All major developed countries, along with many developing countries, have now submitted their INDCs. While all developed countries will need to substantially increase their reduction targets over time to bring them into line with a global carbon budget that ensures a high probability of keeping the ...
... All major developed countries, along with many developing countries, have now submitted their INDCs. While all developed countries will need to substantially increase their reduction targets over time to bring them into line with a global carbon budget that ensures a high probability of keeping the ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2013 The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers climate change
... probabilistically with a quantified likelihood (from exceptionally unlikely to virtually certain). Confidence in the validity of a finding is based on the type, amount, quality, and consistency of evidence (e.g., data, mechanistic understanding, theory, models, expert judgment) and the degree of agr ...
... probabilistically with a quantified likelihood (from exceptionally unlikely to virtually certain). Confidence in the validity of a finding is based on the type, amount, quality, and consistency of evidence (e.g., data, mechanistic understanding, theory, models, expert judgment) and the degree of agr ...
Ensemble modeling, uncertainty and robust predictions
... This article provides an introduction to ensemble modeling and its use in investigating uncertainty about future climate change. The second section provides a brief historical discussion of ensemble modeling. The third section identifies and distinguishes two main types of ensemble study: perturbed- ...
... This article provides an introduction to ensemble modeling and its use in investigating uncertainty about future climate change. The second section provides a brief historical discussion of ensemble modeling. The third section identifies and distinguishes two main types of ensemble study: perturbed- ...
Climate Change and US Agriculture
... current mean temperature of 59oF (15oC). The concern now is that human activities are causing the natural greenhouse effect to be augmented, leading to significant changes in the temperature and related changes in the entire climate system. Has global warming actual begun? When we look at the Earth’ ...
... current mean temperature of 59oF (15oC). The concern now is that human activities are causing the natural greenhouse effect to be augmented, leading to significant changes in the temperature and related changes in the entire climate system. Has global warming actual begun? When we look at the Earth’ ...
Georgia report NEWER - Physicians for Social Responsibility
... projected rate of warming based on human-induced effects. In fact, scientists now say that they cannot explain this unusual warmth without including the effects of both human-generated greenhouse gases and aerosols. —D. JAMES BAKER, ADMINISTRATOR, U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ...
... projected rate of warming based on human-induced effects. In fact, scientists now say that they cannot explain this unusual warmth without including the effects of both human-generated greenhouse gases and aerosols. —D. JAMES BAKER, ADMINISTRATOR, U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ...
- Eionet Forum
... 5. An Indicator-based assessment Introduction Atmosphere and climate ACIA overview report, 2004, Cambridge university press, Cambridge Alexandersson, H., et al., 2000: Trends of storms in NW Europe derived from an updated pressure data set. Climate Res., 14, 71–73. Andersson, C., Langner, J., and Be ...
... 5. An Indicator-based assessment Introduction Atmosphere and climate ACIA overview report, 2004, Cambridge university press, Cambridge Alexandersson, H., et al., 2000: Trends of storms in NW Europe derived from an updated pressure data set. Climate Res., 14, 71–73. Andersson, C., Langner, J., and Be ...
Climate Leviathan - The Ohio State University
... responses to these problems—while working within five constraints: 1 There is no legitimate basis for debating climate change as such. The climate is changing, and anthropogenic modification of the chemical composition of atmosphere is the major cause (IPCC 2007; Thompson 2010). 2 Humanity may or ma ...
... responses to these problems—while working within five constraints: 1 There is no legitimate basis for debating climate change as such. The climate is changing, and anthropogenic modification of the chemical composition of atmosphere is the major cause (IPCC 2007; Thompson 2010). 2 Humanity may or ma ...
PREPARING FOR CLIMATIC CHANGE: THE WATER, SALMON, AND
... its irregular period is several decades; in the 20th century, PDO tended to stay in one phase or the other for 20 to 30 years at a time. PDO is also much less well understood than ENSO, in part because its period is so long relative to the history of reliable records that only two complete oscillati ...
... its irregular period is several decades; in the 20th century, PDO tended to stay in one phase or the other for 20 to 30 years at a time. PDO is also much less well understood than ENSO, in part because its period is so long relative to the history of reliable records that only two complete oscillati ...
DOCX - World bank documents
... The government of Turkmenistan approved the National Climate Change Strategy in 2012 that lays out the policy framework for building climate resilience and low-emission economy in Turkmenistan. The strategy prioritizes a number of sector-tailored measures to ensure mitigation and adaptation response ...
... The government of Turkmenistan approved the National Climate Change Strategy in 2012 that lays out the policy framework for building climate resilience and low-emission economy in Turkmenistan. The strategy prioritizes a number of sector-tailored measures to ensure mitigation and adaptation response ...
Advancing adaptation through climate information services
... Printed in the EU using vegetable oil based inks on FSC-certified, elemental chlorine free paper Copyright © 2011 Front cover image: NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 14 (GOES-14) is an earth observation satellite built for the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ...
... Printed in the EU using vegetable oil based inks on FSC-certified, elemental chlorine free paper Copyright © 2011 Front cover image: NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 14 (GOES-14) is an earth observation satellite built for the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ...
impact of climate change on precipitation
... The climate of North-Eastern region of India is depicted by its extreme humidity. Its most distinguishing feature being the abundant rainfall between March and May at a time when rain in other India is at its minimum. Along with ample precipitation in this part of the country is the associated water ...
... The climate of North-Eastern region of India is depicted by its extreme humidity. Its most distinguishing feature being the abundant rainfall between March and May at a time when rain in other India is at its minimum. Along with ample precipitation in this part of the country is the associated water ...
AFRICA`S BEST READ - Department of Environmental Affairs
... folk who give of their private time to further a cause they believe in. They were drawn from public nominations as well as from input given by ...
... folk who give of their private time to further a cause they believe in. They were drawn from public nominations as well as from input given by ...
Slide 1
... o Summarize at a national level, current climate, projected climate change, ongoing adaptation activities, key stakeholders and relevant country indicators. ...
... o Summarize at a national level, current climate, projected climate change, ongoing adaptation activities, key stakeholders and relevant country indicators. ...
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
... LW bands covering 10–3000 cm−1 . In the computation absorption by water vapour, CO2 , ozone, N2 O, CH4 , CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-22, aerosols, as well as clouds are considered. With the vertical resolution used in this study (39 levels up to 0.01 hPa), the model does not produce a Quasi-Biennial Oscilla ...
... LW bands covering 10–3000 cm−1 . In the computation absorption by water vapour, CO2 , ozone, N2 O, CH4 , CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-22, aerosols, as well as clouds are considered. With the vertical resolution used in this study (39 levels up to 0.01 hPa), the model does not produce a Quasi-Biennial Oscilla ...
University of Groningen Local cooling, global warming Hekkenberg, M
... Seventhly, because of the existence of natural processes there are additional options to reduce GHG concentration in the atmosphere, that do not exist in case of ODS. Stimulating the natural CO2-uptake may potentially compensate GHG emissions, whereas it is virtually impossible to recapture ODS on a ...
... Seventhly, because of the existence of natural processes there are additional options to reduce GHG concentration in the atmosphere, that do not exist in case of ODS. Stimulating the natural CO2-uptake may potentially compensate GHG emissions, whereas it is virtually impossible to recapture ODS on a ...
Understanding Uncertainties in Future Colorado River Streamflow
... Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington University of Colorado, CU-NOAAWestern Water Assessment, Boulder, CO C Division of Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, Scripps Institution of ...
... Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington University of Colorado, CU-NOAAWestern Water Assessment, Boulder, CO C Division of Climate, Atmospheric Sciences, and Physical Oceanography, Scripps Institution of ...
Climate Change Indicators in the United States
... Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases. Concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have risen substantially since the beginning of the industrial era. Almost all of this increase is attributable to human activities. Historical measurements show that the cur ...
... Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases. Concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have risen substantially since the beginning of the industrial era. Almost all of this increase is attributable to human activities. Historical measurements show that the cur ...
Chapter Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for
... interannual variability (Figure SPM.1a). Due to this natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-term climate trends. As one example, the rate of warming over Each finding is grounded in an evaluation of un ...
... interannual variability (Figure SPM.1a). Due to this natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-term climate trends. As one example, the rate of warming over Each finding is grounded in an evaluation of un ...
When It Rains, It Pours - The Public Interest Network
... Environment America Research & Policy Center gratefully acknowledges the following individuals for providing technical review: Dr. Kenneth Kunkel, Director of the Center for Atmospheric Science at the Illinois State Water Survey; and Dr. David Easterling, Chief of the Scientific Services Division at ...
... Environment America Research & Policy Center gratefully acknowledges the following individuals for providing technical review: Dr. Kenneth Kunkel, Director of the Center for Atmospheric Science at the Illinois State Water Survey; and Dr. David Easterling, Chief of the Scientific Services Division at ...
... the system can collapse and rapidly change to a new stable state. Such a collapse can trigger a process where There were many challenges which change continues for a long time until might have been included on the a new stable state is found. None list because of their ability to pose of the risks i ...
The shape of things to come: why is climate change so predictable?
... climate forcing. It is shown that ocean heat uptake, which delays and damps the temperature rise, can be represented as a transient negative feedback. This transient negative feedback causes the transient climate change to have a narrower probability distribution than that of the equilibrium climate ...
... climate forcing. It is shown that ocean heat uptake, which delays and damps the temperature rise, can be represented as a transient negative feedback. This transient negative feedback causes the transient climate change to have a narrower probability distribution than that of the equilibrium climate ...
- FUND - Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation
... in time-steps of a year. 2. Population and income Population and per capita income follow exogenous scenarios. There are five standard scenarios, specified in Tables P and Y. The FUND scenario is based on the EMF14 Standardised Scenario, and lies somewhere in between the IS92a and IS92f scenarios (L ...
... in time-steps of a year. 2. Population and income Population and per capita income follow exogenous scenarios. There are five standard scenarios, specified in Tables P and Y. The FUND scenario is based on the EMF14 Standardised Scenario, and lies somewhere in between the IS92a and IS92f scenarios (L ...
Articulating Climate Justice in Copenhagen: Antagonism, the
... has been and continues to be one of the markers through which post-politicization is wrought” (Swyngedouw 2010:216). There are, however, important tensions in such arguments, not least a rather limited engagement with the actually existing forms of contestation that are emerging. First, while there ...
... has been and continues to be one of the markers through which post-politicization is wrought” (Swyngedouw 2010:216). There are, however, important tensions in such arguments, not least a rather limited engagement with the actually existing forms of contestation that are emerging. First, while there ...
`Towards a Resilient Sydney` - climate change adaptation planning
... - planning is multi-disciplinary, collaborative and forward thinking, consistent with adaptation planning processes; and - it provides a clear strategic framework for an area which sets out clear visions and agendas and offer support and guidance for local plans as they are developed. The Internatio ...
... - planning is multi-disciplinary, collaborative and forward thinking, consistent with adaptation planning processes; and - it provides a clear strategic framework for an area which sets out clear visions and agendas and offer support and guidance for local plans as they are developed. The Internatio ...
Sarah E. Light
... attitudes and beliefs, and therefore behavior and political debate, about energy use and climate change. Studies have shown that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes t ...
... attitudes and beliefs, and therefore behavior and political debate, about energy use and climate change. Studies have shown that individuals with certain values or political ideologies are less likely to believe in the existence of scientific consensus about climate change, have positive attitudes t ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.