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... environmental externality among coalition members and uses an international market of carbon to distribute abatement effort.2 We also experiment with weights proportional to population, which give more emphasis to developing countries, the countries that are going to suffer more from climate change. ...
... environmental externality among coalition members and uses an international market of carbon to distribute abatement effort.2 We also experiment with weights proportional to population, which give more emphasis to developing countries, the countries that are going to suffer more from climate change. ...
Helsinki Metropolitan Area Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
... It is vitally important to mitigate the progress of climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In spite of such work, the temperature is rising on account of the greenhouse gases already released and yet to be released into the atmosphere. For this reason, we must adapt to the consequenc ...
... It is vitally important to mitigate the progress of climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In spite of such work, the temperature is rising on account of the greenhouse gases already released and yet to be released into the atmosphere. For this reason, we must adapt to the consequenc ...
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... Hypoxia (defined as an oxygen concentration of less than 2 mg/L) in the Gulf of Mexico has been linked to excessive amounts of nitrogen (about 2 million tons of nitrogen each year) exported from the U.S. Midwest by the Mississippi River. The Upper Mississippi River Basin (URMB) (Figure 1) constitute ...
... Hypoxia (defined as an oxygen concentration of less than 2 mg/L) in the Gulf of Mexico has been linked to excessive amounts of nitrogen (about 2 million tons of nitrogen each year) exported from the U.S. Midwest by the Mississippi River. The Upper Mississippi River Basin (URMB) (Figure 1) constitute ...
Discussion Paper - LEDS Global Partnership
... The Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP) is pleased to present the second edition of its Discussion Paper Series. Each paper in this series will focus on one issue related to climate change adaptation and sustainable development. These papers are intended to stimulate intellectual discussion, as well a ...
... The Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP) is pleased to present the second edition of its Discussion Paper Series. Each paper in this series will focus on one issue related to climate change adaptation and sustainable development. These papers are intended to stimulate intellectual discussion, as well a ...
Document
... voluntary and involuntary strategy in response to environmental change (McLeman and Smith, 2006; Foresight, 2011). In the past few decades, potential linkages and implications of climate change on human mobility have taken hold in the literature. Yet, significant debates exist regarding the climate ...
... voluntary and involuntary strategy in response to environmental change (McLeman and Smith, 2006; Foresight, 2011). In the past few decades, potential linkages and implications of climate change on human mobility have taken hold in the literature. Yet, significant debates exist regarding the climate ...
Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change among Crop Mohammed, D
... in many parts of the world (Adebayo et al. 2012). Studies such as Mendelsohn et al. (2000); Paavola (2006); Ozor and Cynthia (2010) indicated that temperature is rising and rainfall frequency and intensity is fluctuating. In Nigeria, analysis of long- term meteorological data (temperature, rainfall, ...
... in many parts of the world (Adebayo et al. 2012). Studies such as Mendelsohn et al. (2000); Paavola (2006); Ozor and Cynthia (2010) indicated that temperature is rising and rainfall frequency and intensity is fluctuating. In Nigeria, analysis of long- term meteorological data (temperature, rainfall, ...
Supporting decision-making for effective adaptation
... Ensuring that the knowledge needed to underpin effective decision-making is available in fit-for-purpose forms accessible by end users, and that end users are supported in the use of this information by expert advisory services. This includes the availability of climate model data and guidance to su ...
... Ensuring that the knowledge needed to underpin effective decision-making is available in fit-for-purpose forms accessible by end users, and that end users are supported in the use of this information by expert advisory services. This includes the availability of climate model data and guidance to su ...
REGULATING GREENHOUSE GASES UNDER THE CLEAN AIR
... change,54 opposition groups continue to battle against the science and regulatory action in the public arena, and temperatures continue to rise, with 14 of the 15 warmest years on record occurring over the past 15 years.55 The world has attempted to find a unified approach to address climate change ...
... change,54 opposition groups continue to battle against the science and regulatory action in the public arena, and temperatures continue to rise, with 14 of the 15 warmest years on record occurring over the past 15 years.55 The world has attempted to find a unified approach to address climate change ...
The effects of buffer and temperature feedback on the
... et al. [1979] holding PCO2 as a constant. However, PCO2 , DIC and T must meet the equilibrium relationship (2). As PCO2 is kept unchanged DIC varies with T . Therefore, the variation of the buffer factor in Figure 1 of Sundquist et al. [1979] is caused largely by DIC, not by T . The initial conditio ...
... et al. [1979] holding PCO2 as a constant. However, PCO2 , DIC and T must meet the equilibrium relationship (2). As PCO2 is kept unchanged DIC varies with T . Therefore, the variation of the buffer factor in Figure 1 of Sundquist et al. [1979] is caused largely by DIC, not by T . The initial conditio ...
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... of the causes and the stakes remains limited. The issues debated in public have moved in many instances beyond whether or not climate change is happening and caused by human activities, though a non-trivial modicum of doubt and skepticism linger in various sectors of society. Public discourse has al ...
... of the causes and the stakes remains limited. The issues debated in public have moved in many instances beyond whether or not climate change is happening and caused by human activities, though a non-trivial modicum of doubt and skepticism linger in various sectors of society. Public discourse has al ...
Climate change and European forests: What do we
... pixels, which are far too big to make a meaningful statement about the local climate relevant to single forest stands or local management decisions (Flint and Flint, 2012). Downscaling is necessary, but adds inherent uncertainty to the values obtained from such scaling exercises (Fowler et al., 2007 ...
... pixels, which are far too big to make a meaningful statement about the local climate relevant to single forest stands or local management decisions (Flint and Flint, 2012). Downscaling is necessary, but adds inherent uncertainty to the values obtained from such scaling exercises (Fowler et al., 2007 ...
Climate Change: Implementation of the
... government commitment: Canada’s “federal government is not really scratching the surface of the kind of policy action that is needed to get serious about this problem.”645 In response to criticism, the Minister of the Environment said that it is Canada’s policy that it not move ahead of the rest of ...
... government commitment: Canada’s “federal government is not really scratching the surface of the kind of policy action that is needed to get serious about this problem.”645 In response to criticism, the Minister of the Environment said that it is Canada’s policy that it not move ahead of the rest of ...
Linköping University Postprint Technology obscuring equity
... Nevertheless, in the final days of the Kyoto negotiations, the G-77 requested the reintroduction of parts of the Brazilian proposal relating to the compliance measure called the Clean Development Fund (CDF) (Grubb, 1999). This measure stated that if the mitigation commitments of any Annex 1 party we ...
... Nevertheless, in the final days of the Kyoto negotiations, the G-77 requested the reintroduction of parts of the Brazilian proposal relating to the compliance measure called the Clean Development Fund (CDF) (Grubb, 1999). This measure stated that if the mitigation commitments of any Annex 1 party we ...
An updated view of tipping points and the relevance for long
... The key findings are summarised in Table 1. Overall, this represents substantial progress since the review of Good et al. (2011) in terms of new observations and improved understanding of the risks and consequences of significant change in these systems. Large uncertainties do remain: observed chang ...
... The key findings are summarised in Table 1. Overall, this represents substantial progress since the review of Good et al. (2011) in terms of new observations and improved understanding of the risks and consequences of significant change in these systems. Large uncertainties do remain: observed chang ...
Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and
... of the causes and the stakes remains limited. The issues debated in public have moved in many instances beyond whether or not climate change is happening and caused by human activities, though a non-trivial modicum of doubt and skepticism linger in various sectors of society. Public discourse has al ...
... of the causes and the stakes remains limited. The issues debated in public have moved in many instances beyond whether or not climate change is happening and caused by human activities, though a non-trivial modicum of doubt and skepticism linger in various sectors of society. Public discourse has al ...
Changing Planet: Past, Present, Future Lecture 3 – Earth`s Climate
... our current predicament and think about how climate is likely to change over our lifetimes and on into the future. So we can start here with a silly picture of an Earth with a little gas burner heating it up. Of course, you know this isn't actually the way the Earth's climate is controlled. But you ...
... our current predicament and think about how climate is likely to change over our lifetimes and on into the future. So we can start here with a silly picture of an Earth with a little gas burner heating it up. Of course, you know this isn't actually the way the Earth's climate is controlled. But you ...
Canada`s Mixed Record on Ozone Depletion and Climate Change
... The Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion Higher levels of UV-B radiation could wreak extensive damage on both the environment and human health. 11 Potential health impacts arising from increased exposure to UV-B radiation include sunburn, skin cancer, eye cataracts and reduced efficie ...
... The Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion Higher levels of UV-B radiation could wreak extensive damage on both the environment and human health. 11 Potential health impacts arising from increased exposure to UV-B radiation include sunburn, skin cancer, eye cataracts and reduced efficie ...
Climate Change impaCts on australia
... to include stressed urban water supply and the effects of changes in temperature and water availability on agriculture. All major cities and many regional centres are already feeling the strain of declining rainfall and runoff into streams. Most major cities are beginning to develop high-cost infras ...
... to include stressed urban water supply and the effects of changes in temperature and water availability on agriculture. All major cities and many regional centres are already feeling the strain of declining rainfall and runoff into streams. Most major cities are beginning to develop high-cost infras ...
Current and Projected Climate Change Impacts for the Colorado
... For example, the paper cites global studies which conclude that extensive grazing is both less efficient in producing livestock and has a proportionally greater impact on climate and the environment than intensive production systems when operated on marginal lands. Management discussed: The paper su ...
... For example, the paper cites global studies which conclude that extensive grazing is both less efficient in producing livestock and has a proportionally greater impact on climate and the environment than intensive production systems when operated on marginal lands. Management discussed: The paper su ...
Climate Change in Zambia
... developed countries to make meaningful contribution to climate change mitigation through pursuing low carbon development pathways. The appraisal of the country’s bio-carbon capacity revealed that an Integrated Land-Use Assessment survey has been undertaken and forest cover and other land-uses have b ...
... developed countries to make meaningful contribution to climate change mitigation through pursuing low carbon development pathways. The appraisal of the country’s bio-carbon capacity revealed that an Integrated Land-Use Assessment survey has been undertaken and forest cover and other land-uses have b ...
Assessments of moisture fluxes east of the Andes in South America
... temporal resolution were used. Lateral boundary conditions for HadRM3P are available from a range of modeland observation-based sources. In this study, they are obtained from the global atmospheric model, HadAM3P. The horizontal resolution of HadAM3P is 1.25° latitude by 1.875° longitude and the mod ...
... temporal resolution were used. Lateral boundary conditions for HadRM3P are available from a range of modeland observation-based sources. In this study, they are obtained from the global atmospheric model, HadAM3P. The horizontal resolution of HadAM3P is 1.25° latitude by 1.875° longitude and the mod ...
The Science of Geoengineering - Carnegie Department of Global
... Carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and gas are increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. These increased concentrations cause additional energy to be retained in Earth’s climate system, thus increasing Earth’s temperature. Various methods have been proposed to preven ...
... Carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and gas are increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. These increased concentrations cause additional energy to be retained in Earth’s climate system, thus increasing Earth’s temperature. Various methods have been proposed to preven ...
Assessing pricing assumptions for weather index insurance in a changing climate
... associated premiums are usually unaffordable for low-income small-holder farmers and the speed at which payouts are made is often too slow to alleviate the adverse impacts of loss events on their livelihoods. Alternative forms of crop insurance are being sought and over the past decade, a number of ...
... associated premiums are usually unaffordable for low-income small-holder farmers and the speed at which payouts are made is often too slow to alleviate the adverse impacts of loss events on their livelihoods. Alternative forms of crop insurance are being sought and over the past decade, a number of ...
Yes Impact – Water Wars
... (spoiler alert: carbon dioxide drives warming). The results, published in the April 5 issue of Nature, analyze 15,000 years of climate history. Scientists hope amassing knowledge of the causes of natural global climate change will aid understanding of human-caused climate change. “We constructed the ...
... (spoiler alert: carbon dioxide drives warming). The results, published in the April 5 issue of Nature, analyze 15,000 years of climate history. Scientists hope amassing knowledge of the causes of natural global climate change will aid understanding of human-caused climate change. “We constructed the ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.