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Climate change in Australia | East Coast cluster report
... statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and tec ...
... statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and tec ...
Chlorophyll a reconstruction from in situ measurements: 2. Marked
... Figure 3. (a) The first (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line) and (b) the time coefficients of the first EOF (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line). Note that due to calculation with the standardized chlorophyll a field, they have no units. Additionally, the winter NAO index (black line) wit ...
... Figure 3. (a) The first (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line) and (b) the time coefficients of the first EOF (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line). Note that due to calculation with the standardized chlorophyll a field, they have no units. Additionally, the winter NAO index (black line) wit ...
National Security in the 21st Century: How the National Security
... in mass migrations as environmental refugees increase global tensions and further strain resources in the new location.47 The IPCC and others believe that average global warming exceeding 3.6°F may be dangerous,48 while others argue that 3.6°F “warming would be catastrophic for large segments of hum ...
... in mass migrations as environmental refugees increase global tensions and further strain resources in the new location.47 The IPCC and others believe that average global warming exceeding 3.6°F may be dangerous,48 while others argue that 3.6°F “warming would be catastrophic for large segments of hum ...
Existing data and knowledge gaps about air-climate inter
... CCMI, IC-IMAGES). The present report will focus on these two priority scenarios although there are possible additional scenarios that could comply with the selection criteria listed above. The Global Energy Assessment has developed energy projection pathways that comply with the RCP storylines and t ...
... CCMI, IC-IMAGES). The present report will focus on these two priority scenarios although there are possible additional scenarios that could comply with the selection criteria listed above. The Global Energy Assessment has developed energy projection pathways that comply with the RCP storylines and t ...
Chapter 2: An Overview of Canada`s Changing Climate
... seasonally, from year to year, and over periods of multiple years. The challenge for climate change analysis is to detect a persistent trend (in annual or seasonal temperature or precipitation, for example) over space and time that may not be readily obvious from the ‘noisy’ data. To do this well, l ...
... seasonally, from year to year, and over periods of multiple years. The challenge for climate change analysis is to detect a persistent trend (in annual or seasonal temperature or precipitation, for example) over space and time that may not be readily obvious from the ‘noisy’ data. To do this well, l ...
California Climate Extremes Workshop Report Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA
... in a format that was accessible to decision makers, scientists from different disciplines, and the public in general. High-level officials from State Government were present, including representatives from the Governor’s Office. Given the high praise offered by all the participants, including myself ...
... in a format that was accessible to decision makers, scientists from different disciplines, and the public in general. High-level officials from State Government were present, including representatives from the Governor’s Office. Given the high praise offered by all the participants, including myself ...
PDF
... Joseph E. Aldy, Scott Barrett, and Robert N. Stavins* 1. INTRODUCTION There is a growing consensus among both natural scientists and economists that a credible approach is needed to address the threat of global climate change (Watson et al., 2001). The Kyoto Protocol to the U.N. Framework Convention ...
... Joseph E. Aldy, Scott Barrett, and Robert N. Stavins* 1. INTRODUCTION There is a growing consensus among both natural scientists and economists that a credible approach is needed to address the threat of global climate change (Watson et al., 2001). The Kyoto Protocol to the U.N. Framework Convention ...
Global change and marine communities: Alien species and climate
... Anthropogenic influences on the biosphere since the advent of the industrial age are increasingly causing global changes. Climatic change and the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are ranking high in scientific and public agendas, and other components of global change are also ...
... Anthropogenic influences on the biosphere since the advent of the industrial age are increasingly causing global changes. Climatic change and the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are ranking high in scientific and public agendas, and other components of global change are also ...
Understanding Seasonal Variability in thin Cirrus Clouds from
... Depending on their height, season and hour of the day, the solar albedo effect can outweigh the infrared greenhouse effect, cooling the earthatmosphere system rather than warming it exclusively. As result, based on latitude, the net forcing of sub-visible cirrus clouds can be more accurately paramet ...
... Depending on their height, season and hour of the day, the solar albedo effect can outweigh the infrared greenhouse effect, cooling the earthatmosphere system rather than warming it exclusively. As result, based on latitude, the net forcing of sub-visible cirrus clouds can be more accurately paramet ...
Reducing climate change impacts on agriculture: Global and
... crop suitability and potential yields used by the economic model as an input in resource allocation. Thus, projected climate change affects BLS results indirectly yet significantly, via its impacts on agro-climatic land resources computed by AEZ. 2.3. Socio-economic scenario generation To assess agr ...
... crop suitability and potential yields used by the economic model as an input in resource allocation. Thus, projected climate change affects BLS results indirectly yet significantly, via its impacts on agro-climatic land resources computed by AEZ. 2.3. Socio-economic scenario generation To assess agr ...
International Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate
... Many development efforts and impacts are at risk if climate change is not taken into account. It is therefore necessary to integrate adaptation into different levels of development work, in addition to support to stand-alone climate change adaptation programmes. A number of actors in the fields of s ...
... Many development efforts and impacts are at risk if climate change is not taken into account. It is therefore necessary to integrate adaptation into different levels of development work, in addition to support to stand-alone climate change adaptation programmes. A number of actors in the fields of s ...
Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes
... aging, and increased marginal sea-ice melting. The corresponding wind stress swept away sea-ice from the North Atlantic side to the North Pacific side. Anomalously large areas of open water accordingly occurred in the North Atlantic Arctic (Figure 4b). [18] Starting in summer 2006, ARP quickly trans ...
... aging, and increased marginal sea-ice melting. The corresponding wind stress swept away sea-ice from the North Atlantic side to the North Pacific side. Anomalously large areas of open water accordingly occurred in the North Atlantic Arctic (Figure 4b). [18] Starting in summer 2006, ARP quickly trans ...
Strengthening of the hydrological cycle in future scenarios
... of the precipitation rate in one of the Earth System Models (ESMs) participating to the ENSEMBLES centennial climate projection exercise (Johns et al., 2011). The reasons for the different precipitation changes during the E1 mitigation scenario compared to A1B are investigated by applying a method t ...
... of the precipitation rate in one of the Earth System Models (ESMs) participating to the ENSEMBLES centennial climate projection exercise (Johns et al., 2011). The reasons for the different precipitation changes during the E1 mitigation scenario compared to A1B are investigated by applying a method t ...
A semiparametric multivariate, multisite weather generator with
... the performance of a system over a range of plausible climate changes to identify harmful climate states that could cause the system to fail. As the literature on this topic is relatively young, limited tools have been investigated for the production of altered climate time series over which to cond ...
... the performance of a system over a range of plausible climate changes to identify harmful climate states that could cause the system to fail. As the literature on this topic is relatively young, limited tools have been investigated for the production of altered climate time series over which to cond ...
Greenhouse gas emissions and the role of the Kyoto Protocol
... Neumayer (2004) and Grunewald and Martı́nez-Zarzoso (2009). Since the effect of GDP per capita is significantly positive, CO2 emissions increase with economic development. Energy intensity and manufacture ratio have positive impacts on CO2 emissions. Commitment is our main interest and is significantly ...
... Neumayer (2004) and Grunewald and Martı́nez-Zarzoso (2009). Since the effect of GDP per capita is significantly positive, CO2 emissions increase with economic development. Energy intensity and manufacture ratio have positive impacts on CO2 emissions. Commitment is our main interest and is significantly ...
Climate policy convergence in Europe: an assessment based on
... Different stakeholders – industrialized countries, developing countries, industrial groups and non-governmental organizations – start from different ‘value systems’ on the basis of which they promote or put into critical perspective the need to protect the climate system. The main contradiction in t ...
... Different stakeholders – industrialized countries, developing countries, industrial groups and non-governmental organizations – start from different ‘value systems’ on the basis of which they promote or put into critical perspective the need to protect the climate system. The main contradiction in t ...
Increasing impacts of climate change upon ecosystems with
... (i.e. a new steady state) while the climate scenario is a transient one: studies in classes c and e are typically based on transient climate change scenarios produced by GCMs, although there are a few which also include equilibrium temperature change scenarios. Hence, the ecological projections are ...
... (i.e. a new steady state) while the climate scenario is a transient one: studies in classes c and e are typically based on transient climate change scenarios produced by GCMs, although there are a few which also include equilibrium temperature change scenarios. Hence, the ecological projections are ...
Boreal Forest and Climate Change
... the largest remaining intact forest ecosystem on earth. Furthermore, climate-induced changes in the boreal forests may have severe feedback effects on the global climate. The data and conclusions presented are based on a literature study. An important starting point for the analysis was the Arctic Cl ...
... the largest remaining intact forest ecosystem on earth. Furthermore, climate-induced changes in the boreal forests may have severe feedback effects on the global climate. The data and conclusions presented are based on a literature study. An important starting point for the analysis was the Arctic Cl ...
Report of DPWG
... experiments that can be used as a testbed for the DPWG metrics study * CCSM3 * 40 member ensembles * 60-year integrations Twin #1 : A1B Scenario (runs done) Twin #2 : Year 2000 Stabilization ...
... experiments that can be used as a testbed for the DPWG metrics study * CCSM3 * 40 member ensembles * 60-year integrations Twin #1 : A1B Scenario (runs done) Twin #2 : Year 2000 Stabilization ...
Key Steps: Mitigation
... are considered to go into the mitigation/adaptation scenario (step 5) with their costs Changing energy mix to more renewables label it with expected costs for power plants etc. Raising awareness of energy users – label it with expected costs for awareness campaign Putting into place incentive ...
... are considered to go into the mitigation/adaptation scenario (step 5) with their costs Changing energy mix to more renewables label it with expected costs for power plants etc. Raising awareness of energy users – label it with expected costs for awareness campaign Putting into place incentive ...
Impacts Second National Communications
... • Emphasise socio-economics assessments as a key element of V&A and mitigation assessments UNDP-GEF Adaptation ...
... • Emphasise socio-economics assessments as a key element of V&A and mitigation assessments UNDP-GEF Adaptation ...
Future changes of the atmospheric composition and the impact of
... derived from ozone-sounding stations, which has been confirmed by Köhler et al. (1998) on the basis of aircraft measurements (see above). The one-year ozone climatology derived from aircraft measurements (Brunner, 1998) showed a quite zonal structure in July, with values of 100 to 150 ppbv at 200 h ...
... derived from ozone-sounding stations, which has been confirmed by Köhler et al. (1998) on the basis of aircraft measurements (see above). The one-year ozone climatology derived from aircraft measurements (Brunner, 1998) showed a quite zonal structure in July, with values of 100 to 150 ppbv at 200 h ...
Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with
... resilience to climate change impacts. The study was carried out in 2008-2009 in peri-urban and rural areas of two regions in Ethiopia: the Oromia region and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) region. This study in Ethiopia is one of the first to include first-hand linkages of po ...
... resilience to climate change impacts. The study was carried out in 2008-2009 in peri-urban and rural areas of two regions in Ethiopia: the Oromia region and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) region. This study in Ethiopia is one of the first to include first-hand linkages of po ...
Draft 1:Layout 1.qxd - Defenders of Wildlife
... habitats. It was developed for use by the full Global Warming Commission, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission, other natural resource agencies and their commissions and boards, the Governor’s office, members of the state legislature, and the general public. This document reflects the consensus o ...
... habitats. It was developed for use by the full Global Warming Commission, the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission, other natural resource agencies and their commissions and boards, the Governor’s office, members of the state legislature, and the general public. This document reflects the consensus o ...
Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
Fred Singer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S_Fred_Singer_2011.jpg?width=300)
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.