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השפעת שינויי אקלים גלובליים על הדיונות במדבר קלאהרי
... Model validation. For dune activity indices the thresholds between classes are important for model calibration. A fourfold division of A p, GCM values was achieved through a validation exercise that explains different levels of aeolian activity within dunefields: A p, GCM . 700 indicates highly dyna ...
... Model validation. For dune activity indices the thresholds between classes are important for model calibration. A fourfold division of A p, GCM values was achieved through a validation exercise that explains different levels of aeolian activity within dunefields: A p, GCM . 700 indicates highly dyna ...
climate change and eu security policy
... obvious impacts on international relations. In this document, the EU committed to strengthening its security role in the Arctic region.6 In 2012, the EEAS took over the EU’s Green Diplomacy Network, an initiative that brings together EU foreign policy officials working on environmental issues, to he ...
... obvious impacts on international relations. In this document, the EU committed to strengthening its security role in the Arctic region.6 In 2012, the EEAS took over the EU’s Green Diplomacy Network, an initiative that brings together EU foreign policy officials working on environmental issues, to he ...
Climate Change & Resource Development Scenarios for the
... included linear and spatial change of temperature and precipitation for the period of 2010-2050 in the Nechako River watershed. It is difficult to project exactly how the future climate will be; therefore, scientists take several factors into consideration that will contribute to future climate cha ...
... included linear and spatial change of temperature and precipitation for the period of 2010-2050 in the Nechako River watershed. It is difficult to project exactly how the future climate will be; therefore, scientists take several factors into consideration that will contribute to future climate cha ...
Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts
... on land-use and land-cover has been specifically identified as data needed in order to understand the interactions between climate, humans, and environmental systems [5]. Remote sensing data have been widely used to measure urban extents, with a majority of studies using one to three satellite image ...
... on land-use and land-cover has been specifically identified as data needed in order to understand the interactions between climate, humans, and environmental systems [5]. Remote sensing data have been widely used to measure urban extents, with a majority of studies using one to three satellite image ...
Lecture 2 FINAL DRAFT
... associated risks (this is the so-called ‘deficit-model’ of science-for-policy). The reality for Canadian planners is, of course, much more complicated. While science and technology do play an important role in shaping climate policies, the uptake of climate information in planning and the success of ...
... associated risks (this is the so-called ‘deficit-model’ of science-for-policy). The reality for Canadian planners is, of course, much more complicated. While science and technology do play an important role in shaping climate policies, the uptake of climate information in planning and the success of ...
Climate Change and Cherry Tree Blossom Festivals in
... center. Flowering was recorded at successively The dates of cherry tree festivals in Japan have later dates at distances farther from the city emerged as one of the most important sources center. At around seven kilometers from the of information on the impacts of climate city center, plants were st ...
... center. Flowering was recorded at successively The dates of cherry tree festivals in Japan have later dates at distances farther from the city emerged as one of the most important sources center. At around seven kilometers from the of information on the impacts of climate city center, plants were st ...
Climate change and Arctic ecosystems II
... in a scenario with unchecked atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. We compare the modeled vegetation to a map of present-day potential vegetation distribution, and to paleovegetation distributions inferred from pollen data. The future scenario allows us then to assess the sensitivity of Arctic veg ...
... in a scenario with unchecked atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. We compare the modeled vegetation to a map of present-day potential vegetation distribution, and to paleovegetation distributions inferred from pollen data. The future scenario allows us then to assess the sensitivity of Arctic veg ...
Minutes
... The Advisory Committee convened early to discuss outreach plan for the green report. a) When available, hard copies will be sent to each member as well as a long-list of people who contributed to the project, and distributed to each office in the Foundation, the NSB, and other NSF Advisory Committee ...
... The Advisory Committee convened early to discuss outreach plan for the green report. a) When available, hard copies will be sent to each member as well as a long-list of people who contributed to the project, and distributed to each office in the Foundation, the NSB, and other NSF Advisory Committee ...
Simple Messages Help Set the Record Straight about Scientific
... eliciting respondents’ estimates of scientific agreement prior to presenting them with a statement about the level of scientific agreement. Participants who estimated the level of agreement prior to being shown the corrective statement gave higher estimates of the scientific consensus than responden ...
... eliciting respondents’ estimates of scientific agreement prior to presenting them with a statement about the level of scientific agreement. Participants who estimated the level of agreement prior to being shown the corrective statement gave higher estimates of the scientific consensus than responden ...
American Teens` Knowledge of Climate Change
... answers are indicated with a (!). Unknown or uncertain answers are indicated with a (*). All results show percentages among all respondents, unless otherwise labeled. Totals may occasionally sum to more than 100 percent due to rounding. The term “order of items randomized” refers to a standard surve ...
... answers are indicated with a (!). Unknown or uncertain answers are indicated with a (*). All results show percentages among all respondents, unless otherwise labeled. Totals may occasionally sum to more than 100 percent due to rounding. The term “order of items randomized” refers to a standard surve ...
In Search of Shelter - Center for International Earth Science
... • irrevocably deteriorating living conditions. Climate change will result in cases that do not fit into current distinctions between voluntary and forced migration. At present, people who move due to gradually worsening living conditions may be categorized as voluntary economic migrants and denied ...
... • irrevocably deteriorating living conditions. Climate change will result in cases that do not fit into current distinctions between voluntary and forced migration. At present, people who move due to gradually worsening living conditions may be categorized as voluntary economic migrants and denied ...
Protecting Cultural Heritage and Adapting to Climate Change
... sustainable planning and adaptation to climate change. Using the concept of indigenous blue infrastructure, the aim is to present and raise questions concerning contemporary planning and stormwater management of the urban core, and the consequent flooding incidents in the surrounding countryside. ...
... sustainable planning and adaptation to climate change. Using the concept of indigenous blue infrastructure, the aim is to present and raise questions concerning contemporary planning and stormwater management of the urban core, and the consequent flooding incidents in the surrounding countryside. ...
Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North
... arrive in liquid form and be available earlier in the season for hydropower generation, rather than stored in the snowpack until spring melt. In the Far North, ET is a relatively small portion of the hydrologic budget and precipitation dominates (Kane et al., 1990), though ET will increase as the gr ...
... arrive in liquid form and be available earlier in the season for hydropower generation, rather than stored in the snowpack until spring melt. In the Far North, ET is a relatively small portion of the hydrologic budget and precipitation dominates (Kane et al., 1990), though ET will increase as the gr ...
Low-carbon resilient development in the least developed countries
... mitigation and adaptation from the Cancun decision, including an encouragement for developing countries These countries are ‘early adopters’ of the low-carbon to ‘develop low-carbon development strategies or plans resilient development agenda. As such they offer in the context of sustainable develop ...
... mitigation and adaptation from the Cancun decision, including an encouragement for developing countries These countries are ‘early adopters’ of the low-carbon to ‘develop low-carbon development strategies or plans resilient development agenda. As such they offer in the context of sustainable develop ...
Scenario
... be overshadowed by non-climate change related factors. For example, under the richest-but-warmest (A1FI) scenario, which is projected to increase global temperature by 4.0°C by 2085, climate change would be responsible for only 21% of the people at risk (PAR) of hunger. Translating estimates of PAR ...
... be overshadowed by non-climate change related factors. For example, under the richest-but-warmest (A1FI) scenario, which is projected to increase global temperature by 4.0°C by 2085, climate change would be responsible for only 21% of the people at risk (PAR) of hunger. Translating estimates of PAR ...
Chlorophyll a reconstruction from in situ measurements: 2. Marked
... Figure 3. (a) The first (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line) and (b) the time coefficients of the first EOF (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line). Note that due to calculation with the standardized chlorophyll a field, they have no units. Additionally, the winter NAO index (black line) wit ...
... Figure 3. (a) The first (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line) and (b) the time coefficients of the first EOF (blue line) and second EOF (red dashed line). Note that due to calculation with the standardized chlorophyll a field, they have no units. Additionally, the winter NAO index (black line) wit ...
Why Climate Change Makes Riparian Restoration More Important than Ever:
... gases already in the atmosphere today will continue to cause the climate to change for decades (IPCC 2007b, Solomon et al. 2009). Climate change adaptation strategies often propose activities that can enhance ecological resilience (Millar et al. 2007, Heller and Zavaleta 2008). Ecological resilience ...
... gases already in the atmosphere today will continue to cause the climate to change for decades (IPCC 2007b, Solomon et al. 2009). Climate change adaptation strategies often propose activities that can enhance ecological resilience (Millar et al. 2007, Heller and Zavaleta 2008). Ecological resilience ...
National Security in the 21st Century: How the National Security
... in mass migrations as environmental refugees increase global tensions and further strain resources in the new location.47 The IPCC and others believe that average global warming exceeding 3.6°F may be dangerous,48 while others argue that 3.6°F “warming would be catastrophic for large segments of hum ...
... in mass migrations as environmental refugees increase global tensions and further strain resources in the new location.47 The IPCC and others believe that average global warming exceeding 3.6°F may be dangerous,48 while others argue that 3.6°F “warming would be catastrophic for large segments of hum ...
Buds, Leaves, and Global Warming – the Harvard Forest Project
... ‘I’m sorry. I am truly sorry. I want to apologize. I completely underestimated global warming. I beg your forgiveness.’” p149 ...
... ‘I’m sorry. I am truly sorry. I want to apologize. I completely underestimated global warming. I beg your forgiveness.’” p149 ...
US Climate Change Policy Under President Clinton
... POST, July 20, 1993, at C1 (describing how proposal for broad-based energy tax was whittled down in the Senate to a 4.3 cents gasoline tax; the House had actually passed a BTU tax). 1. Whether that was a correct lesson is another matter. An environmental group member who is familiar with the BTU tax ...
... POST, July 20, 1993, at C1 (describing how proposal for broad-based energy tax was whittled down in the Senate to a 4.3 cents gasoline tax; the House had actually passed a BTU tax). 1. Whether that was a correct lesson is another matter. An environmental group member who is familiar with the BTU tax ...
selvaraju
... factors determining the rainy season characteristics, farming systems, field crop production and livestock rearing. Both interannual and intraseasonal rainfall variability constrains crop production in the tropics and subtropics. In semi-arid tropics, unreliable rainfall combined with high evaporati ...
... factors determining the rainy season characteristics, farming systems, field crop production and livestock rearing. Both interannual and intraseasonal rainfall variability constrains crop production in the tropics and subtropics. In semi-arid tropics, unreliable rainfall combined with high evaporati ...
Cultural and Economic Factors That Influence Brazilian Public
... causes of climate change (Francis 2015, 18). Use of fossil fuels, a “throwaway” consumer culture, and a faster pace of life are specific examples that Francis gives of our mistreatment and neglect of the earth (Francis 2015, 15-19). Francis recognizes natural causes of climate change but cites scien ...
... causes of climate change (Francis 2015, 18). Use of fossil fuels, a “throwaway” consumer culture, and a faster pace of life are specific examples that Francis gives of our mistreatment and neglect of the earth (Francis 2015, 15-19). Francis recognizes natural causes of climate change but cites scien ...
Socio-structural and psychological foundations of climate change
... Using a national probability sample of over 6,000 New Zealanders, this study examines socio-structural and psychological variables underpinning core climate change beliefs—“climate change is real” and “climate change is caused by humans”. Analyses focused on four belief profiles: those who believe i ...
... Using a national probability sample of over 6,000 New Zealanders, this study examines socio-structural and psychological variables underpinning core climate change beliefs—“climate change is real” and “climate change is caused by humans”. Analyses focused on four belief profiles: those who believe i ...
Growing Together in a Changing Climate
... conscious decisions. We expect young people to continue to lead us by launching environmentally responsible businesses and engaging in scientific research for clean and ...
... conscious decisions. We expect young people to continue to lead us by launching environmentally responsible businesses and engaging in scientific research for clean and ...
Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change
... as self-evident and part of their well-established disciplinary practices. However, most readers should also identify one or more steps as uncommon to their research traditions. In this way, taken together the eight steps constitute a novel methodological framework (Figure 1). When we speak of model ...
... as self-evident and part of their well-established disciplinary practices. However, most readers should also identify one or more steps as uncommon to their research traditions. In this way, taken together the eight steps constitute a novel methodological framework (Figure 1). When we speak of model ...
Fred Singer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S_Fred_Singer_2011.jpg?width=300)
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.