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bio_ch08
bio_ch08

... What is the nature of a code? Compare a coded message to a computer code. How are these codes the same, and how are they different? Both require translation of information. However, the coded message reproduces the same information, whereas computer code produces actions—operational commands. Transl ...
Lecture3
Lecture3

... c- since glycine has only a hydrogen atom in its R group it does not play a large role in hydrophobic interactions d- due to proline’s cyclic imino (secondary amino) residue, it adds a lot of rigidity to regions of proteins that contain proline ...
Granny Guide
Granny Guide

... the exchanges are decreased and if there is too little phenylalanine in the blood then the exchanges may be increased. The majority of children will not have their exchanges increased or decreased significantly as they get older, as the body only requires a very small amount of phenylalanine to func ...
tRNA - U of L Class Index
tRNA - U of L Class Index

... Translates the genetic information into functional proteins mRNA is read in 5‘ to 3‘ direction Codons are base triplets representing one amino acid e.g. GCA = Ala ...
Prescribing Description - Healthcare Pharmaceuticals
Prescribing Description - Healthcare Pharmaceuticals

... Nutrilive® containing amino acids should not be mixed with other preparations because of the increased risk of microbial contamination and incompatibility. Precautions Hyperphenylalaninemia has been noted in severely ill, premature infants. In these patients, monitoring of the phenylalanine levels i ...
Article
Article

... Beans were called "poor man's meat" because until the mid-twentieth century, when meat was still a scarce and precious commodity, legumes were the main source of protein, especially for people who, living far from the sea, could not take advantage of fishing. The proteins of legumes are not as compl ...
Supplementary Information (doc 42K)
Supplementary Information (doc 42K)

... in organic carbon metabolism. 1) Two or more partial coding sequences for one gene; 2) two or ...
the elastin gene
the elastin gene

... partially solubilise the protein? How does increased crosslinking affect keratin's properties? 7. Keratin is the main component of hair. How are individual keratin molecules organised in a hair fibre? 8. Changes in keratin structure underlie temporary and permanent waving of hair. How? 9. If your ha ...
Gene expression (Protein synthesis )
Gene expression (Protein synthesis )

... Triplet code:The universal genetic code means the nucleotide sequence in mRNA that is translated to amino-acids in ribosomes. How many nucleotides translated to one aa? There is 4 nucleotide (A, C, G, U): Impossible for one nucleotide = 4 aa. Impossible for two nucleotide = 42 (16) aa. Because t ...
Studying the binding affinity
Studying the binding affinity

... ERK2 is an important player in multiple biochemical signaling pathways and is involved in different cancer types. This highly relevant pharmaceutical target represents an optimal model system to demonstrate the capabilities of our MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) platform. ...
INVESTIGATION INTO THE ALLOSTERIC REGULATION OF MITOTIC KINESIN EG5 Introduction Results
INVESTIGATION INTO THE ALLOSTERIC REGULATION OF MITOTIC KINESIN EG5 Introduction Results

... The long distance allosteric network observed originally in Eg5 is conserved in Klp61F. The networks of amino acid residues involved in allosteric communication between the L5 loop and the other two sites (ATP-, & MT-binding sites) may also be conserved across other kinesin family members. Conserved ...
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ( KLH )
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ( KLH )

... subsequently provide the necessary help for antibody-producing B cells. Confering antigenicity, it is called antigen. KLH is one of the most commonly used carriers in the conjugation of haptens (peptides) for antibody production. Thanks its large mass, KLH has numerous primary amines available for c ...
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) IMBB 19, May 2015
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) IMBB 19, May 2015

... 1.  Sequence  similarity;  this  is  when  two  sequences  are  very  alike  in   base  pair  or  amino  acid  sequence   ü  StaCsCcal  measures  like  E-­‐value.  P-­‐Value    and  bit  score   ü  Percentage  idenCty  (%  of  idenCcal ...
A Tertiary Plastid Uses Genes from Two Endosymbionts
A Tertiary Plastid Uses Genes from Two Endosymbionts

... unique among eukaryotic algae in that they have taken the process of endosymbiosis one step further: in several independent lineages, the peridinin plastid has been replaced, either with a successive secondary plastid8 or with a plastid from another secondary alga, resulting in tertiary plastids.9–1 ...
Recombinant DNA in Medicine Industry
Recombinant DNA in Medicine Industry

... Although some proteins are expressed to high levels, they often the fail to fold properly and form insoluble inclusion bodies Foreign proteins are sometimes toxic to bacteria Lack enzymes that are present in eukaryotic cells and add posttranslational modifications (phosphates, sugars) ...
Eli Martinez poster
Eli Martinez poster

... reactive oxygen species (ROS). Manganese also acts as an enzyme cofactor for superoxide dismutase and other enzymes. In bacteria, manganese and Mn-SOD allow bacteria to withstand ROS created from internal and external metabolic processes. Pathogenic bacteria require manganese to remain virulent in e ...
Characterization of Proteins Structurally Related to Human N
Characterization of Proteins Structurally Related to Human N

... preparation. If the enzyme is purified only on the basis of its physicochemical properties, then the final preparation is likely to be contaminated with proteins having similar charge, size and solubility characteristics. Conventional methods may not be sensitive enough to detect small amounts of su ...
Teaching Notes
Teaching Notes

... b. The directionality of reading the RNA strand is 5’ to 3’, while that for proteins/peptides is N- to C. c. The genetic code table can be used to figure out which codon will correspond to which amino acid. The complementary sequence (read in the opposite direction) is the anticodon sequence in that ...
PDF version
PDF version

... need to do so. With time, they have devised two ways of gliding across hard substrates: either on their own or with one – or more – of their kind. The two mechanisms have been named adventurous gliding motility and social gliding motility, respectively. Bacteria can use either mechanism, or indeed b ...
Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information

... Identification of HLA Class-I restriction of HIV peptides targeted Associations between recognition of individual peptides and expression of particular HLA class I molecules was sought using Fisher’s exact test. For each peptide targeted, the strongest association between HLA allele expression and p ...
Isolation and Characterization of Foaming Proteins of
Isolation and Characterization of Foaming Proteins of

... precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose. Because the content of foaming proteins correlated well with head formation of many samples of beer, these foaming proteins seem to be responsible for beer foaming. Foaming proteins consisted of three fractions with molecul ...
Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by
Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by

... produce, in addition to the normal [M þ Na]þ ions, additional [M þ H]þ ions that are accompanied by another ion two mass units higher. This apparently reduced product does not accompany the [M þ Na]þ ion, is not seen with nor-harmane as the matrix or on electrospray ionization. However, the abundanc ...
Gene Section STK4 (serine/threonine kinase 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section STK4 (serine/threonine kinase 4) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... STK4 homodimerizes through a C-terminal motif, and removal of the C terminus results in marked activation of the kinase. STK4 is cleaved by caspases during apotosis, releasing an active 34 kD kinase fragment. STK4 associates with the WW-domain protein Salvadore, which may link STK4 to the LATS tumor ...
Amino acid pool
Amino acid pool

... Amino acids from all these sources get mixed up to constitute what is known as "general amino acid pool" of the body."Amino acid pool" has no anatomical reality but represents an availability of amino acid building units. No functional distinction can be drawn between the fate of the amino acids der ...
Comparative Modeling of Mainly
Comparative Modeling of Mainly

... NCBI’s protein sequence database: • Many proteins of similar function to the known betahelices; some with similar sequences. • A significant fraction are characterized as microbial ...
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Protein mass spectrometry



Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important emerging method for the characterization of proteins. The two primary methods for ionization of whole proteins are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In keeping with the performance and mass range of available mass spectrometers, two approaches are used for characterizing proteins. In the first, intact proteins are ionized by either of the two techniques described above, and then introduced to a mass analyzer. This approach is referred to as ""top-down"" strategy of protein analysis. In the second, proteins are enzymatically digested into smaller peptides using a protease such as trypsin. Subsequently these peptides are introduced into the mass spectrometer and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting or tandem mass spectrometry. Hence, this latter approach (also called ""bottom-up"" proteomics) uses identification at the peptide level to infer the existence of proteins.Whole protein mass analysis is primarily conducted using either time-of-flight (TOF) MS, or Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). These two types of instrument are preferable here because of their wide mass range, and in the case of FT-ICR, its high mass accuracy. Mass analysis of proteolytic peptides is a much more popular method of protein characterization, as cheaper instrument designs can be used for characterization. Additionally, sample preparation is easier once whole proteins have been digested into smaller peptide fragments. The most widely used instrument for peptide mass analysis are the MALDI time-of-flight instruments as they permit the acquisition of peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs) at high pace (1 PMF can be analyzed in approx. 10 sec). Multiple stage quadrupole-time-of-flight and the quadrupole ion trap also find use in this application.
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