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- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

... Climate change is often expressed simply in terms of changes in mean climate. ...
Document
Document

... Climate change is a change in the "average weather" that a given region experiences, including such factors as storm frequency, temperature, wind patterns and precipitation. The rate and magnitude of global climate changes over the long term have many implications for natural ecosystems. As society ...
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2. Low Carbon Cities – The National Context

... operationalisation of the Kyoto Protocol, that finally came into force in 2005. By 2001, South African researchers had also started taking a serious look at climate change and its implications. For example, the paper entitled “Climate Change and Sustainable Development: Future Perspectives for South ...
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... • Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, while others result from human activities. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapor. Certain human activities, however, add to the levels of most of these naturally occurring ...
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The Birdwatcher`s Guide to Global Warming

... important role in healthy ecosystems by controlling pests, dispersing seeds, and pollinating plants – are also so beautiful and such a joy to watch. More than sixty-three million Americans are birdwatchers, injecting billions of dollars into local economies throughout the nation as they purchase bir ...
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

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Introduction. `Seeing` Environmental Process in Time

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Highly contrasting effects of different climate forcing agents on
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Air Pollution and Climate Change - European Commission
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... Although reducing particulate matter (PM) has clear health benefits, understanding the impact of this reduction on climate change is essential if mutual benefits for climate and health are to be delivered. The overall impacts of reductions are complex because PM is made up of many different chemical ...
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... date, but there is already evidence that there are major opportunities for business profits and job creation in meeting the rising demand for solutions to global warming. At the high end, it has been estimated that the annual cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions in the U.S. to 3 ...
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Global warming under old and new scenarios using IPCC climate

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Industrialized-Country Mitigation Policy and Resource Transfers to
Industrialized-Country Mitigation Policy and Resource Transfers to

... resolving this impasse by enhancing existing mechanisms for greenhouse gas offsets, which allow rich countries to finance developing country actions and thereby transfer resources to poorer ones. We frame this proposal in terms of meeting the varying objectives of industrialized and developing count ...
CO2 Capture Technologies
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... Role and importance of CCS in mitigating  climate change ‐The rationale for CCS (3) • Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important part of the lowest‐cost  greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation portfolio.  • Without CCS, overall costs to reduce emissions to 2005 levels by 2050  increase by 70%.   • A ...
Presidential Leadership on Climate Change: Opportunities and
Presidential Leadership on Climate Change: Opportunities and

... The European Community was allowed a “bubble” over its emissions to make it easier for its member nations to comply. Russia was granted some deadline adjustments to conform to its five-year economic plan. And the U.S.-backed provision to require that 90% of the Protocol signatories must ratify the t ...
Global Change in Local Places: How Scale Matters
Global Change in Local Places: How Scale Matters

... warming have been identified for all climate divisions of the U.S. (Karl and Riebsame, 1984). In one study, such fluctuations were used to study the impacts of potential global warming on the runoff portion of the hydrologic cycle. Highest and lowest runs (5–20 years) of annual temperature and preci ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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