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Double exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within
Double exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within

... (TNCs) and their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Robbins (1996) and UNCTC (1992) "nd that TNCs are major contributors to global emissions of greenhouse gases. Mason (1997) looks at the emissions patterns and environmental impacts of TNC activity, focusing on the aluminum industry. While ea ...
Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries
Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries

... inshore waters took place on the south coast of South Africa during the 1980s/1990s. The EOCH area coincides with what was once the heart of the commercial abalone fishery. The shift in West Coast rock lobster happened during a period of intense illegal fishing of abalone from the mid-1990s on (Hauc ...
Taking Climate Change by Storm: Theorizing Global and Local Policy-Making in
Taking Climate Change by Storm: Theorizing Global and Local Policy-Making in

... “triangle of impossibilities.” This Article hypothesizes that collective action problems account in part for the paradox that policy-makers are least able to effectively respond to the challenge of extreme weather events at the scale where scientific knowledge is the most accurate. A successful poli ...
The Hartwell Paper - LSE Research Online
The Hartwell Paper - LSE Research Online

... functioning of the Earth system; ensuring that our societies are adequately equipped to withstand the risks and dangers that come from all the vagaries of climate, whatever their cause may be. It explains radical and practical ways to reduce non-CO2 human forcing of climate. It argues that improved ...
Putting a price on pollution: What it means for Australia`s property
Putting a price on pollution: What it means for Australia`s property

... substantial warming has occurred in Australia’s surrounding oceans.4 This warming effect is caused by both the increasing rate of greenhouse gas emissions and the decreasing rate of natural removal of these gases from the atmosphere.5 Further scientific evidence of climate change shows sea levels ri ...
Climate change and agriculture: Agricultural trade, markets and
Climate change and agriculture: Agricultural trade, markets and

... Agriculture has received considerable attention recently with regard to climate change because of the high dependence of agriculture on the climate. Dependence on agriculture, especially in developing countries, also means that agriculture has an important role to play in debates about adaptation to ...
Farmers and Climate Change: A Cross
Farmers and Climate Change: A Cross

... farmers’ beliefs and concerns about climate change influence their adaptation and mitigation behaviors (Arbuckle et al. 2013; Haden et al. 2012). It is known that propensity to act in response to potential natural hazards can depend largely on beliefs about the existence of the hazard and the percep ...
Adaptation to climate change starts with human–environment
Adaptation to climate change starts with human–environment

... The standard method has successfully been used to assess the level of threat posed by enhanced climate change (see Watson et al., 1998; McCarthy et al., 2001). The knowledge that systems have always responded to climate, and that significant vulnerabilities are on the horizon, shifts the focus of ad ...
Climate change and impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean and the
Climate change and impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean and the

... the southern EMME, an arid hot desert climate prevails, where precipitation is low and vegetation scanty (Issar and Zohar 2007). The temperature and precipitation gradients across the region are remarkable. In some areas precipitation is among the highest in Europe, e.g. up to 2,000 mm/year or more ...
Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming
Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming

... expansion of the subtropical dry zone (areas encircled by the 0 isopleths of P-E). Counting the number of models that simulate a positive P-E change (Figure 1b), one can see that the overall pattern of P-E change is robust across most models and that the model number count bears great resemblance to ...
Climate Change in Thailand_TransRe Fact Sheet No.2
Climate Change in Thailand_TransRe Fact Sheet No.2

... companies in flood-prone areas. In addition, there was a lack of investment in more water-resilient infrastructure as well as deficient forecasting and communication concerning floods and evacuation planning (Okazumi and Nakasu, 2015). Political will and increasing institutional capacity are essenti ...
Drivers of adaptation: Responses to weather
Drivers of adaptation: Responses to weather

... appropriately framed as a risk management strategy, rather than as an environmental protection or sustainability strategy (Travis and Bates, 2014). There may therefore be very different reasons why cities would undertake climate adaptation measures as compared with climate mitigation actions. The evi ...
Final qualitative report
Final qualitative report

... polluting’ countries like China and India are ‘doing nothing’ and ‘don’t care’ about their carbon emissions and due to their relative size reduce the efforts and sacrifices of Australians to virtually naught.  Some people who support carbon pricing do so only on the basis of ‘we need to start somew ...
Impact of climate change on photochemical air pollution in Southern
Impact of climate change on photochemical air pollution in Southern

... of (g water)/(kg air) to maintain the same relative humidity under future temperature conditions. Note that in the “humidity only” scenario relative and absolute humidity both increase, while temperature is held constant. For the combined climate case, relative humidity is unchanged between future a ...
Climate-Smart Marine Protected Areas
Climate-Smart Marine Protected Areas

... Advisory groups and/or stakeholders have been briefed on potential climate change impacts on MPA resources and actions being taken or planned ...
downloadable pdf
downloadable pdf

... Some members of the 9/11 Truth Movement have endorsed this view. Believing that the Bush-Cheney administration conspired with others to claim falsely that America was attacked by Muslims on 9/11, they say that the government’s false conspiracy theory about 9/11 should make us suspicious that other ...
Assessing climate risk to improve farm business management
Assessing climate risk to improve farm business management

... businesses, rural industries and the options available to mitigate the risk. Malcolm (1992) and Krause (1994) describe how farming is a risky business, and how managing a risky business is about gathering relevant information, weighing it judiciously and acting accordingly. As improved knowledge abo ...
s1|2008 protected areas and biodiversity conservation special issue
s1|2008 protected areas and biodiversity conservation special issue

... with biosphere reserve (BR) managers investigated this issue using a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. Results suggest that climate change risk perception is largely linked to economic power: in non-high-income countries climate change was perceived as being significantly less relevant ...
LCCARL263_en.pdf
LCCARL263_en.pdf

... Tourists prefer to visit a country with a high per capita income 6 , since it translates into a higher standard of accommodation and better tourist facilities; they also prefer visiting countries where the poverty level is low 7 . In tourism demand functions, income in the source country is included ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... clearly emerge from the ‘noise’ of natural climate variability. [3] So when will the signal emerge? And where and how? These are key questions for adaptation policy and planning in particular. Much attention has focused on the absolute magnitude of future climate change, and uncertainties in this ma ...
Initial NationalCommunication St. Kitts-Nevis
Initial NationalCommunication St. Kitts-Nevis

... coastal waters. The rural areas are characterized by ribbon developments, none of which can be said to have occurred as part of a planned physical development strategy, although there are a handful of locations where planned developments have been implemented. The major urban areas are Basseterre - ...
Financing Adaptation: The Case of Morne Trois Pitons and Morne
Financing Adaptation: The Case of Morne Trois Pitons and Morne

... for several reasons. When problems are addressed on a case-by-case basis, the worst problems attract the most attention. Problems (impacts) tend therefore to grow until they are highly visible before they are acknowledged and treated. When problems are addressed on a case-by-case basis, they tend to ...
Experience of extreme weather affects climate change mitigation
Experience of extreme weather affects climate change mitigation

... experienced EWEs, this could lead to heightened salience of climate change, making it easier to envisage other ways in which climate change might affect them personally. A second heuristic, potentially acting as a parallel mechanism, or mediator, of the relationship between experience and risk perce ...
Pacific Region Climate Change Science and Learning Opportunities
Pacific Region Climate Change Science and Learning Opportunities

... The Risky Business Project represents a first-of-its-kind effort to combine the best available projections for changes in local climate conditions across the United States with empirically-derived estimates of the fiscal impact of those changes on key sectors of the U.S. economy. The project’s indep ...
Architecture, Energy and Climate - Nordic Journal of Architectural
Architecture, Energy and Climate - Nordic Journal of Architectural

... potential to increase the use of cooling equipment even more. A recent study tried to estimate energy implications of predicted climate change (Haase and Andresen 2009). Figure 1 shows the calculated results in energy demand of a typical office building in Oslo today. It can be seen that the total e ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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