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How will Climate Change Affect the Water Cycle?
How will Climate Change Affect the Water Cycle?

... Figure   3-­‐1.   Models   project   a   dramatic   shift   to   more   rain-­‐dominant   conditions   in   Puget   Sound   watersheds.  Maps  above  indicate  current  and  future  watershed  classifications,  based  on   the  proportion   of ...
Appealed to ITU and its Administrations to ensure the absolute
Appealed to ITU and its Administrations to ensure the absolute

... surface (including ocean surface) from all parts of the globe and from outer space. GOS mainly relays on remote sensing equipment placed on satellites, aircrafts, radiosondes, as well as meteorological radars on the Earth and at sea. The system ensures that critical information is available to every ...
Carbon Disclosure Project Report
Carbon Disclosure Project Report

... Group Five is working towards the development of emission reduction targets for its fixed sites. It is anticipated that absolute emissions could be reduced by as much as 3% over the next five years, with 2012 as a base year. Whilst it is more complex to anticipate changes in absolute emissions for G ...
A framework for modelling fish and shellfish
A framework for modelling fish and shellfish

... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models for regional ecosystems to select and estimate relevant environmental variables, (iii) evaluation of climate model scenarios and select IPCC models that appear to provide valid representations of forcing for the region of study, (iv) extraction ...
UNDP-TACC Pilot project Uruguay
UNDP-TACC Pilot project Uruguay

... Ministries such as Agriculture. Few policy-makers and stakeholders are aware of the magnitude of anticipated economic impacts. Existing institutional frameworks (led by the National Communications) focus largely on climate change scenarios and inventories of emissions and do not include systematic c ...
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to

... Resolving this discussion on the possible causes of the recent SST variability (that has influenced Sahel precipitation) is important, not only for attributing the prolonged drought of recent decades, but also for improving predictions of future anthropogenic change in this region (see Cook 2008). O ...
PDF
PDF

... emphases. Given the characteristics of climate change (slow, highly uncertain, small relative to climate variability, spatially heterogeneous), the value of information from research and extension to guide farmers’ decision making about adaptation is likely to be low for decisions about farming prac ...
Probabilistic projections of climate change over China - HAL-Insu
Probabilistic projections of climate change over China - HAL-Insu

... Monthly precipitation (Pr) and surface air temperature (Tas) fields from the Twentieth-Century Climate in Coupled Model (20C3M) runs and the SRES A1B emissions scenario runs are used in the analysis. The CO2 concentration associated with the A1B scenarios is expected to reach a maximum of 720 ppm by ...
Ontario Climate Change and Health Modelling Study
Ontario Climate Change and Health Modelling Study

... storms, tornadoes and windstorms. These events used to happen infrequently. Now, these events have become more common – a clear sign of a shift in our weather patterns. This shift is called ‘climate change.’ It threatens our health and safety, our environment and our economy. The Intergovernmental P ...
Climate Change Risks and Supply Chain Responsibility
Climate Change Risks and Supply Chain Responsibility

... their costs; threatening the quantity and quality of production; and making decisions about planting and harvesting increasingly difficult. In Colombia, one of the world’s biggest coffeegrowing countries, one-third of the coffee-producing area is temporarily out of action because trees that are vuln ...
NOAA 31st Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop Boulder, Colorado October 25 2006
NOAA 31st Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop Boulder, Colorado October 25 2006

... What attribution questions are of high relevance to decision makers, e.g., in water resources planning, agriculture, energy, and policy making for sustainable development? ...
International Climate Technology Strategies The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements
International Climate Technology Strategies The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements

... this range, the cost of GHG mitigation through 2050 is trillions or tens of trillions of dollars of discounted GDP, or an annualized cost in the tens to hundreds of billions per year (Newell forthcoming). Longer-term total costs through 2100 are approximately double this amount. While these estimate ...
Recommendations on Early Actions on Climate Change for the 44th
Recommendations on Early Actions on Climate Change for the 44th

... requesting the President of the United States take immediate action on climate change. Numerous candidates responded to this call, including current nominees Senator John McCain and Senator Barack Obama. Following up these resolutions, the bipartisan Carbon Coalition of New Hampshire invited the can ...
The Kyoto Protocol and International Actions
The Kyoto Protocol and International Actions

... voluntary measures that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 in order to begin mitigating possible global warming. The United States was one of the first nations to sign and ratify this treaty, and it entered into force in 1994. However, it was soon concluded by part ...
Climate Change: Kyoto Protocol and International Actions
Climate Change: Kyoto Protocol and International Actions

... voluntary measures that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 in order to begin mitigating possible global warming. The United States was one of the first nations to sign and ratify this treaty, and it entered into force in 1994. However, it was soon concluded by part ...
Climate Regulation and the Limits of Cost
Climate Regulation and the Limits of Cost

... temperatures or rainfall will be disrupted in a crucial agricultural region. Yet the latter information is necessary for an adequate cost-benefit analysis. The economics poses even greater difficulties. The three major models on which agencies rely are extraordinarily crude. The cost of climate chan ...
Climate Change and the World Council of Churches
Climate Change and the World Council of Churches

... Climate change has become an issue of major concern for the world today. Scientific data clearly shows the impact of human action on climate change. Some regions of the world are already experiencing the effects of climate change. Therefore there is an urgent need to further develop comprehensive po ...
Climate policy convergence in Europe: an assessment based on
Climate policy convergence in Europe: an assessment based on

... UNFCCC 2003). This regime was established by the 1992 United Nations Q1 Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the subsequent Kyoto Protocol of 1997. Although the goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to increase the ecological effectiveness of the existing climate policy, it resulted in a pro ...
The US Economic Impacts of Climate Change and the Costs of
The US Economic Impacts of Climate Change and the Costs of

... understood by many, including Congress, the public and the media. All too frequently, inaction is motivated by the perceived high cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of not taking on the challenges posed by climate change are frequently neglected and typically not calculated. The ra ...
Coral Reef Monitoring for Climate Change Impact Assessment and
Coral Reef Monitoring for Climate Change Impact Assessment and

... being linked to global networks. 6. Creation of a network for regional harmonization Through collaboration with a number of agencies,2 CPACC is introducing climate change to these agencies’ agendas, and is establishing linkages between climate change and other programs. At the national level, Nation ...
climate engineering: which role for space?
climate engineering: which role for space?

... changing. Climate models show that the consequences could be severe if no immediate actions were to be taken to stop global warming [1, 2]. According to the fourth and most recent assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global atmospheric temperature rise corre ...
Climate Trends in the Casco Bay Region
Climate Trends in the Casco Bay Region

... the most marked shifts in range have occurred in sought-after finfish species like winter flounder, Atlantic cod and silver hake (Mills et al. 2013). As climate change progresses, raising the incidence of temperature extremes in coastal waters, failure to anticipate these events and adjust fisheries ...
Economic Potential of Biomass Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas
Economic Potential of Biomass Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas

... While agriculture is a small emitter of the most prevalent greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide - CO2), it is important in the total picture. According to the latest United States EPA inventory, anthropogenic GHG emissions from agriculture contribute 7 percent of total carbon equivalent (CE) emissions rel ...
NRDC: Boosting the Benefits - Improving Air Quality and Health by
NRDC: Boosting the Benefits - Improving Air Quality and Health by

... that smart growth measures also provide significant public health benefits in the form of enabling a more active lifestyle, which can curb obesity rates, leading to lowered risk of diabetes and heart disease.11 In this analysis, energy efficiency and renewable energy measures contribute little to es ...
to the Program - International Conference on Climate
to the Program - International Conference on Climate

... accord (and possibly from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), cut billions of dollars from government programs that are little more than propaganda tools for climate alarmists, and work to restore scientific integrity to the climate change debate. The Heartland Institute, alo ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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