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4. The CO2 fertilization effect
4. The CO2 fertilization effect

... value, and then declines. Furthermore, temperature affects not only photosynthesis, but also respiration, growth, development phases and reproductive processes. Elevated CO2 may have some effects on crop phenology, although stages of development are governed primarily by temperature, time and photo ...
Nuestro Mundo A Martiano Exploration of the
Nuestro Mundo A Martiano Exploration of the

... I don’t need to start with threatening predictions about climate change. We have all heard plenty of them. I write for those who have taken these numbers to heart as more than numbers. Scientists measure sea level rise in meters and feet, but we will feel the rise in homes, lives, and places. As a p ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health
The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health

... Climate change threatens human health and well-being in the United States. The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) Climate and Health Assessment has been developed to enhance understanding and inform decisions about this growing threat. This scientific assessment, called for under the Presi ...
Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the
Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the

... are not well understood. This study characterizes the impacts of the CP- and EP-El Niño on seasonal and annual runoff using observed streamflow data from 658 reference gaging stations and the NCAR-CCSM4 model. We found that surface runoff responds similarly to the two types of El Niño events in sout ...
Full Report (PDF)
Full Report (PDF)

... environment does not exist as a sphere separate from human actions, ambitions, or needs (Kates et al., 2005, p.10). Rather, the capacity to understand the concepts behind sustainable development derives from the ability to move beyond the national, political, economic, ideological, racial, ethnic, a ...
3rd GLOBE review of climate change legislation
3rd GLOBE review of climate change legislation

... legislatorsandinprovidingcommentsthemselves.Inparticular,theauthorswould liketothankPatriciaCazenave,adviseronenvironmentallawintheArgentinean Congress; Andrea Rudnik, Head of Climate Change Office and Fernando Farías Ellies,GHGInventoryDeskOfficerattheChilea ...
“Fakery 2: Fake science, fakexperts, funny finances
“Fakery 2: Fake science, fakexperts, funny finances

... relationships and obscured money flows. Readers unused to studying financial reports should avoid those sections, especially §A, §H, §K.1, as their eyes will glaze quickly. It is very hard to make those simple.  Skim Front Matter for background, mostly to see the Topics for later reference. Readers ...
A FARMer`s View of the Ricardian Approach to Measuring
A FARMer`s View of the Ricardian Approach to Measuring

... in eastern and northern Europe and western and southern Asia. This is consistent with previous studies showing that climatic change would likely have detrimental, beneficial, and mixed effects on economic welfare in, respectively, equatorial, high latitude, and temperate areas. Estimated changes in ...
Effects of a changing climate on peatlands in permafrost
Effects of a changing climate on peatlands in permafrost

... Sustainability in a Changing Climate: An Overview of MNR’s Climate Change Strategy (2011-2014) Climate change will affect all MNR programs and the natural resources for which it has responsibility. This strategy confirms MNR’s commitment to the Ontario government’s climate change initiatives such a ...
WHAT DO WE KNOW? WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW?
WHAT DO WE KNOW? WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW?

... Specific bibliographies were organized around seven topics: six economic sectors and one overview. The six economic sectors are: energy, construction, forestry, postal services, tourism, and transportation equipment. These were chosen for their significance to the Canadian economy, diversity of size ...
climate change strategy of ajara
climate change strategy of ajara

... access of the statistical data, the GHG inventory at the regional level was carried out; possibilities of reduction of GHG emissions and adaptation measures were also considered; Ajara climate change strategy was prepared enabling other regions to conduct the same undertaking. It should be highlight ...
Technical Reference Guide for World Climate Negotiations Model
Technical Reference Guide for World Climate Negotiations Model

... improve public and decision-maker understanding of the long-term implications of possible greenhouse gas emissions futures by allowing access to a rigorous – but rapid and user-friendly – computer simulation of the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and land use decision-making on global temperatur ...
A Changing Arctic Climate Science and Policy in the
A Changing Arctic Climate Science and Policy in the

... sode during this work sparked by curiosity about how political cooperation affects knowledge production. It was a meeting in Ilulissat, Greenland, where scientists from different disciplines started talking to each other, finding connections between their different lines of work, and raising new qu ...
lakshadweep action plan on climate change
lakshadweep action plan on climate change

... 3.3.2.2 LAPCC and National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency ................................................................... 104 3.3.2.3 LAPCC and National Mission on Sustainable Habitat .................................................................................. 106 3.3.2.4 LAPCC and ...
Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land
Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land

... also impact the provisioning of ecosystem services (Bellard et al. 2012). Land-use changes, be it by conversion of natural habitats into agricultural or urban lands, or by abandonment of managed areas, could aggravate the effects of climate change, as well as contribute to large and sudden changes o ...
A new approach to mapping permafrost and change incorporating
A new approach to mapping permafrost and change incorporating

... substance. The impact of climate change on permafrost distribution was recognized a long time ago (Wild, 1882) and is now an important issue for northern land use planning, infrastructure development, and global climate projections (ACIA, 2005). Woo et al. (1992) estimated the shift in boundaries of ...
English - unfccc
English - unfccc

... Niue is a very small Pacific Island Nation and is one of the most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. With its small population, economic size and industrial base, it is one of the countries that contributes least to the emissions of greenhouse gases. However with increased intensit ...
Battling Promethean dreams and Trojan horses: Revealing the critical discourses of geoengineering
Battling Promethean dreams and Trojan horses: Revealing the critical discourses of geoengineering

... options must be treated as viable options, beside conventional mitigation methods, in international climate negotiations [6]. This marks a radical shift from the IPCC’s 2007 statement, made despite the absence of cost calculations and risk assessments, that geoengineering options “remain largely spe ...
the transcript of the APS climate change statement review workshop
the transcript of the APS climate change statement review workshop

... DR. MICHAEL HOLLAND, Chief of Staff DR. ARI PATRINOS, Deputy Director for ...
here - DeSmogBlog
here - DeSmogBlog

... relationships and obscured money flows. Readers unused to studying financial reports should avoid those sections, especially §A, §H, §K.1, as their eyes will glaze quickly. It is very hard to make those simple.  Skim Front Matter for background, mostly to see the Topics for later reference. Readers ...
Pius Yanda
Pius Yanda

... The committee consists of 18 scientists selected by mutual agreement between the three sponsoring organizations and representing climate-related disciplines in atmospheric, oceanic, hydrological and cryospheric sciences. These committee provides scientific guidance for the World Climate Research Pro ...
Coffee Barometer 2014
Coffee Barometer 2014

... There is growing evidence that coffee cultivation is under threat in some regions that are most vulnerable to climate change. Areas currently suitable for coffee will decrease substantially by, as soon as, 2020, with the potential to disrupt current production and trade practices significantly [1,2, ...
Drivers of the tropospheric ozone budget throughout the 21st
Drivers of the tropospheric ozone budget throughout the 21st

... (hereafter fEmis, for brevity). These transient simulations are described in depth by Eyring et al. (2013a), but salient details are reproduced in Table 1. The REF-C2 simulation (1960–2100) was developed as a future reference simulation, to understand how the atmosphere would evolve under “best gues ...
NSW Climate Impact Profile - Adapt NSW Home
NSW Climate Impact Profile - Adapt NSW Home

... to accelerate. This study has adopted a rise above the 1990 mean sea level of 0.4 m by 2050 and 0.9 m by 2100, consistent with the Government’s sea level rise policy statement. Run-off: Modelling projections indicate that there will be a shift in the seasonality of run-off patterns, with significant ...
Compendium of Yukon Climate Change Science
Compendium of Yukon Climate Change Science

... major climatic shifts, including the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age, and how these changes compare with those most recently experienced during the period of instrumental records. In reference to the latter, details are noted about observed trends in temperature and precipitation that ha ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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