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aberdeen beach case study
aberdeen beach case study

... In recent years Aberdeen beach has seen developments which have significantly altered the beach and will continue to affect it for the foreseeable future. This section will examine the background to these events as well as providing some contextual information on the beach and its importance to the ...
Agreeing to disagree: Uncertainty management in assessing climate
Agreeing to disagree: Uncertainty management in assessing climate

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A Game of Preferences:
A Game of Preferences:

... groups, they tend to ‘capture’ government institutions and employ them for their ends alone, systematically passing on the costs and risks to others” (Ibid., p. 530). As such, “[i]t is not uncommon for states knowingly to surrender sovereignty, compromise security, or reduce ...
The Potential Conseque
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... to damages to homes,businesses, roads,utilities,and crops (Willman,1998). On the other hand,an advanced forecast for El Niño resulted in many protective measures being undertaken (see Figure 5). With its complex topography, developing reliable projections of climate change in the West is particularl ...
Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not
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Central Bedfordshire Climate Change Adaptation Evidence Base
Central Bedfordshire Climate Change Adaptation Evidence Base

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... 2010). Therefore, life-long and free-choice learning environments like zoos and aquariums have a huge potential to reach and educate the public about global environmental problems and to increase biodiversity literacy (Moss et al. 2015). Zoos can also provide information that is relevant to specific ...
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... • ISO 14040 definition: calculation of the magnitude of category indicator results to reference information • Reference information (over a given period of time): – area (e.g., France, Europe, the world) – person (e.g., a Danish citizen) – product (e.g., the most frequently used product) ...
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Hot and Hungry: How to stop climate change
Hot and Hungry: How to stop climate change

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... abandoned agricultural land for biofuels and find that these lands could produce 32-41 EJ of bioenergy, suggesting this could be a modest, but meaningful contribution to satisfying global primary energy demand. However, in a decentralized global economy, science-based rules for land use conversion ...
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... Extreme weather events in Asia were reported to provide evidence of increases in the intensity or frequency on regional scales throughout the 20th century. The Third Assessment Report (TAR) predicted that the area-averaged annual mean warming would be about 3°C in the decade of the 2050s and about 5 ...
Coffea arabica yields decline in Tanzania due to climate change
Coffea arabica yields decline in Tanzania due to climate change

... between 1961 and 2012. Projecting this forward, every 1 ◦ C rise in Tmin will result in annual yield losses of 137 ± 16.87 kg ha−1 (P = 1.80e-10). According to our ARIMA model, average coffee production will drop to 145 ± 41 kg ha−1 (P = 8.45e-09) by 2060. Consequently, without adequate adaptation s ...
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IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LARGE SCALE OCEAN

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Human Factors Explain the Increased Losses from Weather and

... entific concern that a change in climate due to anthro- Crop/hail insurance losses, another relatively long and pogenic activities would include an increase in the consistent measure of losses from hail and wind, have frequency and/or intensity of weather and climate ex- also grown steadily, rising ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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