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Greenland
Greenland

... Climate and Climate Change •  The average annual temperature in Greenland ranges from 16˚F to 45˚F. •  Greenland is the world’s largest island, consisting of 80% ice. It contains 10% of the world’s total supply of fresh water. •  Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as elsewhere in the world ...
climate change
climate change

... Even when migration is successful, people face the loss of their ancestral lands, their traditional way of life, their language, community relationships, and sovereignty. In CARE’s experience, women are often more negatively affected than men from migration and displacement. For these reasons, where ...
Background Report: Integrated Ecological Impact Assessment
Background Report: Integrated Ecological Impact Assessment

... showing increases in annual precipitation, with drying trends in the summer in the south and summer increases in the north. Extreme weather events seem to be increasing. All these factors will influence ecological, and therefore social and economic values into the future. Potential climate futures ...
1 UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE
1 UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE

... Islands population will be living on islands which have become severely environmentally stressed. The outcomes of the demand situation likely to be increased are water supply and quality problems, further hardening of the coast as people seek to protect assets and infrastructure, and burgeoning wast ...
Scaled-up Market Mechanisms – What is Needed to
Scaled-up Market Mechanisms – What is Needed to

... countries. By the end of 2012, the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) will have triggered thousands of projects, avoiding nearly 1 billion tons of CO2 emissions in developing countries.1 Yet, further mitigation is necessary globally to stay below a 2oC increase in global average temp ...
Last Updated 4/7/2017 Book Chapters Andresen, J., G
Last Updated 4/7/2017 Book Chapters Andresen, J., G

... Gramig, B.M., E.M. Sajeev, Andresen, J., E. Takle, S. Patton, D. Niyogi, and L. Biehl. 2015. “Farm-Scale Integrated Assessment to Identify Profit-Maximizing Adaptations to Climate Change in the Corn Belt.” ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium, Chicago, IL. Gramig, B.M., E.M. Sajeev, P. Preckel, and O. ...
T M Climate Negotiations After the Copenhagen Overview of Emissions Targets
T M Climate Negotiations After the Copenhagen Overview of Emissions Targets

... Greenhouse gas emissions reduction pledges submitted to the UNFCCC as part of the Copenhagen Accord process are insufficient to limit temperature increase to 2°C relative to pre-industrial global mean temperatures. Only a few reports have analyzed the emissions reductions goals expressed by various ...
ICPDR Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change
ICPDR Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change

... The EU White Paper “Adapting to climate change: Towards an European framework for action” calls for a more strategic approach to climate change adaptation across different sectors and levels of governance: inter alia, to promote strategies which increase resilience to climate change e.g. by improvin ...
Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe
Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe

... G. Forzieri et al.: Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe circulation patterns within RCMs largely depend on the lateral boundary conditions from their driving GCM, influencing not only the mean precipitation changes but also the extremes. Considering uncertainties in low pre ...
Motivated Recall in the Service of the Economic System
Motivated Recall in the Service of the Economic System

... The contemporary political landscape is characterized by numerous divisive issues. Unlike many other issues, however, much of the disagreement about climate change centers not on how best to take action to address the problem, but on whether the problem exists at all. Psychological studies indicate ...
CHAPTER 9 POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
CHAPTER 9 POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

... warmer and wetter. Annual-average temperature rose 1 to 3°F (0.6 to 1.7°C) over most of the region, with nearly equal warming in summer and winter. Annual precipitation also increased nearly everywhere in the region, by 11% on average,with the largest relative increases about 50% in northeastern Was ...
Accelerating Innovation and Technology Diffusion
Accelerating Innovation and Technology Diffusion

... and compressors), China could reduce its industrial energy demand in 2020 by 20 percent while increasing productivity.9 The current global recession can provide a platform for innovation and climate-­smart growth. Crises can spur innovation because they cause an urgent focus on mobilizing resources ...
Climate in the Pacific: a regional summary of new science and
Climate in the Pacific: a regional summary of new science and

... Pacific Islands and Timor-Leste are already experiencing higher temperatures, shifts in rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and changes in frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, with further changes expected long into the future as a result of climate change associated with human activi ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Hurricane
The Impact of Climate Change on Hurricane

... We estimate a damage function with respect to the magnitude of the storm using historic data from storms that have hit the United States since 1950. Impacts in different years are updated to current dollars using the GDP deflator. The damages are matched with characteristics of the storm including m ...
FOOD, FOSSIL FUELS AND FILTHY FINANCE 191 OXFAM BRIEFING PAPER 17 OCTOBER 2014
FOOD, FOSSIL FUELS AND FILTHY FINANCE 191 OXFAM BRIEFING PAPER 17 OCTOBER 2014

... assumption that fossil fuels are here to stay – buoyed by the rhetoric of the fossil fuel industry itself. This is despite the fact that a low-carbon future is both desirable and possible, North and South, with sustainable low-carbon technologies rapidly decreasing in cost and beginning to compete w ...
NEEDS Study LEAD and SDPI - Indus Valley School of Art
NEEDS Study LEAD and SDPI - Indus Valley School of Art

... While there is a global scientific debate going on about the level and timing of the glacial melt, the signs in Pakistan are ominously clear. According to a recent research report (ICIMOD) the country has a vast glacial area which covers about 15000 square km comprising 5000 glaciers which are in ra ...
a study commissioned by Sitra
a study commissioned by Sitra

... 1. The Goal: For many years, climate specialists and scientists alike have referred to the goal of keeping global warming to “2°” above preindustrial levels. However, the Paris Agreement was the first international conference which produced a goal of “well below” this classic number, aiming instead ...
Climate Potential in Spanish regions: analysis and its
Climate Potential in Spanish regions: analysis and its

... the conditions and options of time series homogenisation in Aguilar et al. (2003). For this study, only Tm and Tx data have been homogenised, but this step is important, because temperature is generally the most important explanatory variable in holiday destination choice among climatic characterist ...
climate change and eu security policy
climate change and eu security policy

... Commonwealth Affairs William Hague suggested that climate change is “perhaps the twenty-first century’s biggest foreign policy challenge.”12 At the end of 2011, the UK government committed itself to producing a more political set of climate risk assessments. In the ensuing report, the government att ...
Untangling interactions: do temperature and habitat fragmentation
Untangling interactions: do temperature and habitat fragmentation

... climate on biota including: climate models on individual species or habitats; long-term studies at a particular site; or experiments that compare slightly warmer or cooler sites [27]. The latter approach is particularly appropriate for a relatively short-term study in an environment with pronounced ...
View/Open - Dora.dmu.ac.uk
View/Open - Dora.dmu.ac.uk

... around the publication of the IPCC’s report into the physical science basis of climate change (Assessment Report 5, Working Group 1) showed physical scientists and social scientists participating in conversations with journalists, activists, NGOs and members of the public 56. This analysis based on ...
Final Report of the Nineteenth Meeting of the Forum of Ministers of
Final Report of the Nineteenth Meeting of the Forum of Ministers of

... 16. Costa Rica recognized the importance of the decisions put for consideration and suggested addressing two additional aspects. Firstly, SIDS in the region are facing not only the economic consequences of climate change, but also the threat of disappearing. The second additional issue is mining, me ...
Climate Change and Migration - The German Marshall Fund of the
Climate Change and Migration - The German Marshall Fund of the

... this pace of migration. Several economic models project that global warming will have more effect on the distribution of farm production than global farm output, with new areas becoming viable for farming as a result of higher temperatures. However, far more people are likely to be displaced by glob ...
Mountain Tourism and Climate Change
Mountain Tourism and Climate Change

... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted dramatic impacts on mountain ecosystems as a result of climate change. Changing climates will potentially alter the seasonal patterns of tourism with consequences on the mountain environments. It is therefore critical to develop adap ...
PDF - Bentham Open
PDF - Bentham Open

... IPCC AR4 and the resulting model output has been made available through the Earth System Grid (http://www.earthsy stemgrid.org/home/home.htm) for use in impacts studies. Some of these studies focus on global changes in various phenomena that are important for the Middle East such as changes in storm ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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