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... Burton (2004) argues adaptation is extremely common and as old as mankind but that it is largely to a stationary spatially or temporally varying climate without considering future climate change. Carter et al. (1994) classifies adaptation as autonomous and planned as do all of the subsequent IPCC re ...
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Iyigun et al._2013_Clustering climate regions of

... relation between the urbanization and the increase in the temperature. It is well known that the precipitation and evaporation are two components playing a crucial role in the climate system. Accordingly, the water balance in a region can be supplied by controlling these two variables (Türkeş et al. ...
Climate Change Youth Guide to Action
Climate Change Youth Guide to Action

... Vital Statistics “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.” - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Fourth Assessme ...
climate change - Union of Concerned Scientists
climate change - Union of Concerned Scientists

... mark on Pennsylvania’s landscape, livelihoods, and traditions, and over the coming decades impacts are expected to grow more substantial. They may include longer and more intense summer heat waves, reduced winter snowpack, northward shifts in the ranges of valued plant and animal species, and declin ...
Bringing EU policy into line with the Planetary Boundaries
Bringing EU policy into line with the Planetary Boundaries

... Translating the Planetary Boundaries to operational levels can best be done in two consecutive steps: i) downscaling of the boundaries to the regional or national level, and ii) using the downscaled boundaries as benchmarks for regional or national environmental performance. Downscaling of the Plane ...
Carbon Disclosure submission
Carbon Disclosure submission

... business strategy. Consistent with this commitment we are responding to the Carbon Disclosure Project for the seventh year. As a major global brewer, we are committed to cost effective improvements in our operations that result in more efficient use of energy, reductions in GHG emissions and improve ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
- The University of Liverpool Repository

... mate model and a single malaria model and thus it was impossible to gauge the uncertainty associated with the use of different climate models in the study. The more recent work of Caminade et al. (2014) improved somewhat on this situation by employing five dynamical and statistical malaria models dr ...
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- Wiley Online Library

... in local climate patterns. We directly test this assumption using the largest and most comprehensive survey of Gulf Coast residents conducted to date supplemented with monthly temperature data from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network and extreme weather events data from National Climatic Data Ce ...
In Search of Shelter: Mapping the Effects of Climate Change
In Search of Shelter: Mapping the Effects of Climate Change

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organisation of king`s bibliography of books on global warming

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Climate and finance systemic risks, more than an analogy?
Climate and finance systemic risks, more than an analogy?

... know it. This is a first-level definition of a climate systemic risk. Of course they affect society on the way, either through global damages or through localized extreme events which can propagate to larger portions of territory using different channels, physical, social or financial. We develop th ...
Money Talks
Money Talks

... Atmospheric warming happens gradually and one of the most counterintuitive features of climate change is that emissions don’t disappear; they remain in the atmosphere for centuries, so the cumulative and total global carbon budget is what matters. Measurements and deadlines relating to this budget c ...
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Climate change and communicable diseases in the EU
Climate change and communicable diseases in the EU

... handbook will help authorities choose analysis methods for national assessments based on local conditions, competence and aims. The approach is designed to be flexible with multiple entry points depending on whether the assessment will focus primarily on vulnerability, adaptation or both. For the mo ...
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature
problems in evaluating regional and local trends in temperature

... scales (Watson et al., 1996), many management decisions affecting climate-change policy and most mitigation efforts may be at local and regional scales. Thus, it is critically important to assess the direction and magnitude of climate change at local and regional scales. Such regional information is ...
McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw
McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw

...  IFAC developed Sustainability Framework to influence the way organizations integrate sustainability ...
let`s respond - Conservation International
let`s respond - Conservation International

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India - Met Office

... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... scales (Watson et al., 1996), many management decisions affecting climate-change policy and most mitigation efforts may be at local and regional scales. Thus, it is critically important to assess the direction and magnitude of climate change at local and regional scales. Such regional information is ...
Impact of Climate Change on the Boreal Forest in Finland and Sweden
Impact of Climate Change on the Boreal Forest in Finland and Sweden

... studies have indicated that the fire risk in the northern high-latitude forests will increase during the forthcoming decades (e.g. Stocks et al. 1998; Flannigan et al. 2005a, 2005b; Wotton et al. 2010). Kilpeläinen et al. (2010a) studied the forest fire potential in Finland under high-emission A2 GH ...
Model estimates of climate controls on pan-Arctic
Model estimates of climate controls on pan-Arctic

... maps are useful in understanding how climate factors interact, which processes are most important, and how these fluxes might evolve under future climate change, particularly in cases where observations are sparse (as is true for CH4 emissions). In this study, we use a process-based model to charact ...
Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict
Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict

... Human security, as it affects people, has a lot more to do with the totality of the welfare and well-being of the citizens than military or police protection which is more the protection and security of the state or the government. While that must not be ignored to ensure the integrity of the state, ...
Winter 2017. - Squarespace
Winter 2017. - Squarespace

... Demuth received significant funding from the Georgetown Environment Initiative. The workshops will connect the most innovative climate change and climate history scholars with leading activists and journalists. The big question the workshops will seek to answer: how can scholars more effectively com ...
The Perspectives of Climate Scientists on Global Climate Change
The Perspectives of Climate Scientists on Global Climate Change

... The claim that human activities are responsible for most or all of the recent warming trend relies on a theory, called the greenhouse theory, that predicts rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) will trap more heat in the atmosphere and lead to rising temperatures. “Skeptics” in the debate over globa ...
GEF Investment in Climate Change Mitigation and Sound Chemicals
GEF Investment in Climate Change Mitigation and Sound Chemicals

...  The costs of the baseline activities: to be covered by normal development expenditures such as government budgets, bilateral aid, the private sector, NGO resources, and loans from international financial institutions, including IDA and the Multilateral Fund.  The impacts of the baseline activitie ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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