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Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change?
Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change?

... (excluding the Antarctic) is underlain by relatively homogeneous aquifers and 19% is endowed with groundwater in geologically complex regions. Half of the continental areas contain generally minor occurrences of groundwater that are restricted to near-surface unconsolidated sediments. In the followi ...
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON

... Malaba River is very vulnerable to climate change because it relies heavily on rainfall as its main flow contributor. This study’s main objective was to assess the impacts of climate change on streamflow in Malaba River Catchment, Uganda and it was achieved by downscaling the future (2020-2050) prec ...
Effect of climate and landcover change
Effect of climate and landcover change

... of consequences in the altered surface hydrology and associated ecosystems and water resources [1,2]. To reduce these uncertainties and minimize negative impacts of climate and landcover changes, we need to understand the effects of climate and landcover on stream discharge of watersheds. Landcover ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania
Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania

... The benefits of adapting to climate change also need to be considered with multiple outcomes in mind, as in some instances there may be conflicts or trade-offs. For example, building a dam to increase water storage security and availability may be detrimental to natural systems adaptation if the dam ...
Background paper
Background paper

... accounted for almost half the deforestation in the SADC region.3 The Integrated Land Use Assessment (ILUA) study estimated annual deforestation rate in Zambia to be around 300,000 ha. Given the role deforestation plays in raising greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), this is clearly an area of great conce ...
Evans - NERC
Evans - NERC

... There is good evidence that changes in climate are associated with distributional shifts and population trends in some UK fauna (see below and other report card papers). A complete assessment of climate change impacts requires understanding the mechanisms driving these changes. This is essential for ...
Climate change: hydrological impact studies
Climate change: hydrological impact studies

... In most climate impact studies the hydrological regime of a river is regarded as the result of time-varying changes in the general water balance of the upstream basin: runoff Q can be expressed as Q = P – E  S, where P = amount of precipitation, E = amount of evapotranspiration and S = change in ...
Land Resources - Northern Research Station
Land Resources - Northern Research Station

... future. In some cases, key results are reported out to 100 years to provide a larger context but the emphasis is on next 25-50 years. This nearer-term focus is chosen for two reasons. First, for many natural resources, planning and management activities already address these time scales through deve ...
Long-Term Climate Change - Ontario Power Generation
Long-Term Climate Change - Ontario Power Generation

... a detailed discussion of improvement to the methods employed to compute the evolution of permafrost extent and depth during a glacial cycle is provided. In the main body of this report to follow, Section 2.1 provides a background discussion of current understanding of long-term climate change, a dis ...
Signs of Climate Change in Nordic Nature
Signs of Climate Change in Nordic Nature

... In the whole of the southern part of the Nordic countries, the spring starts considerably earlier now than in 1982 (NORUT; Høgda & al. 2001) (Fig. 1). The most significant change is in the southern part of the region, with changes of up to two weeks. At the same time, the fall is delayed by one to th ...
Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in
Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in

... Recent reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001, 2007, 2012) conclude not only that green-house gas emissions are already beginning to change the global climate, but also that Africa will experience increased water stress, decreased yields from rain-fed agricult ...
Complete Higher Tier Q Booklet File
Complete Higher Tier Q Booklet File

... Explain why using renewable resources is more sustainable than using non-renewable resources.(2) Explain two ways in which technology might ‘fix’ problems of declining resources.(4) Describe one way in which the use of an alternative or renewable resource helps sustainability. (2) Explain one possib ...
Climate Change Action Plan for the Florida Reef System (2010
Climate Change Action Plan for the Florida Reef System (2010

... Florida is exemplary in terms of marine managed areas and hosts one of the first designated marine protected areas in the world, John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park established in 1963. In addition, many of Florida’s coral reefs are protected and managed within the Florida Keys National Marine San ...
Optimal intensity targets for greenhouse gas emissions
Optimal intensity targets for greenhouse gas emissions

... commitments, and for bringing greater complexity.1 Here we take a single-period, stochastic, globally integrated, though mainly partial equilibrium, theoretical model of emissions trading with flexible targets under uncertainty, named Mechanisms for Abating Total Emissions under Stochasticity (MATES ...
The role of mineral-dust aerosols in polar temperature amplification
The role of mineral-dust aerosols in polar temperature amplification

... The strong polar response to relatively small global concentration changes highlighted in this study with mineral-dust aerosols may also apply to other aerosols such as black carbon and sulphates, which have their own impact on polar climate. The case of LGM dust shows that a moderate global aerosol ...
Forests and Climate Change in Latin America: Linking Adaptation
Forests and Climate Change in Latin America: Linking Adaptation

... conservation and sustainable management of ecosystems and their services can generate multiple socio-ecological benefits and promote long-term approaches to climate change adaptation [31]. Under the UNFCCC, least-developed countries are required to produce a National Adaptation Programme of Action ( ...
Assessment of Available Tools to Create a More Resilient
Assessment of Available Tools to Create a More Resilient

... alleviate flooding risk to adjacent properties, it also means roadways may be some of the first assets affected by higher water levels. Even areas that are not directly affected by amplified flooding risks could be impacted as travel patterns shift in response to the disruption in low-lying areas. O ...
Water Utilities and Climate Change: A Research Workshop on
Water Utilities and Climate Change: A Research Workshop on

... provides an overview of the project and presents key elements of the workshop. It also gives a series of findings and recommendations for needed research and applications to assist water utilities in mainstreaming climate change adaptation into their operations and maintenance activities, infrastruc ...
PDF
PDF

... our natural environment and affect the global economy, thus representing the world’s most pressing long-term threat to future prosperity and security. With greenhouse gas emissions embodied in virtually all products produced and traded in every conceivable economic sector, effectively addressing cli ...
Managing Physical Impacts of Climate Change: An Attentional
Managing Physical Impacts of Climate Change: An Attentional

... physical impacts has been taking a backseat, with the recent Paris Agreement on climate change of December 2015, adaptation has finally achieved equal footing with the need for mitigation. In the development of the global agreement on climate change, countries no longer just developed plans to reduc ...
Deceitful Tongues: Is Climate Change Denial A Crime?
Deceitful Tongues: Is Climate Change Denial A Crime?

... hurricanes, and more frequent and widespread fires. Without immediate action to curb greenhouse gas emissions, climate change can only get worse. In the period since the issue of global warming was brought to the attention of the general public in the late 1980s, both the legislative and the executi ...
Greening the Economy with Climate Smart Agriculture.
Greening the Economy with Climate Smart Agriculture.

... Agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). It is responsible for 70 percent of water withdrawal. It is an important driver of deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Fisheries, which provide unique sources of protein and fatty acids, are fully dependent on healthy ecosystems, but ...
Mass-media coverage, its influence on public awareness of climate
Mass-media coverage, its influence on public awareness of climate

... of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1997, at which the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, was held in Japan. The Japanese mass media gave this event quite a large amount of attention. Therefore, when the Kyoto Protocol came into effect in February 2005, more newspaper co ...
Climate Change and Doom Tourism
Climate Change and Doom Tourism

... regions of the world which are beginning to be negatively affected by climate change. This is particularly illuminating given the highly competitive environment in which tour operators’ work, where they are under pressure to maximise the use of the natural resources before they deteriorate beyond us ...
Contropedia: Case Study on Global Warming
Contropedia: Case Study on Global Warming

... Zooming in on the edit histories of these two links, we again look at the substance of the dispute and discuss the differences and similarities between the two links. It becomes clear that the edit discussion is about the scope of the support base of the report in the academic community. Around both ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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