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Vegetation limits the impact of a warm climate on boreal wildfires
Vegetation limits the impact of a warm climate on boreal wildfires

... al., 2011). The residual series related to peaks was obtained by subtraction (i.e., Cpeak = ...
4.2. Physics enriched by the climate change
4.2. Physics enriched by the climate change

... with an area of 2,540 square kilometres, noted five flash floods in 2004, seven in 2005, and six in 2006. Altogether, more than 400 houses were damaged in the small villages among the hills and around 600 people became temporarily homeless. The total damage of these events was in the region of EUR2 ...
The Carbon Neutral Myth - Offset Indulgences for your Climate Sins
The Carbon Neutral Myth - Offset Indulgences for your Climate Sins

... would be seen as irresponsible and antisocial, just as we now see littering or drink-driving. Keeping up with the Joneses would mean installing the most efficient mini-wind turbine rather than having the biggest wide screen TV. This hegemonic shift towards the primacy of climate-friendly values in ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants

... or all in the total forcing of black carbon, but most excluding it completely, which has lead them to the conclusion that the combination of organic carbon co-pollutants with black carbon causes net global cooling.50 Brown carbon’s warming effect appears to be offsetting some or all of the lighter o ...
Quantifying the impacts of climate-driven flood risk changes and risk
Quantifying the impacts of climate-driven flood risk changes and risk

... perception bias of buyers who operate in the market. This research focusses on these subjects affecting coastal urban property values and are reflected in the research objective: “To quantify the impacts of climate change, and the effect of the associated flood risks and risk perception bias on coas ...
DANGER The of Corporate Landfill Gas-to-Energy Schemes and How to Fix It
DANGER The of Corporate Landfill Gas-to-Energy Schemes and How to Fix It

... emissions is crucial to controlling global warming, we also need a strategy focused on curbing the more immediate threat posed by methane if we are going to avert the most significant impacts of climate change. Such a strategy will benefit future generations. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, se ...
Resilience Strategies for Communities at Risk
Resilience Strategies for Communities at Risk

... strategies can be applied to communities around the world. Those strategies fall into four categories: (1) land use and development; (2) infrastructure, technology, and capacity; (3) finance, investment, and insurance; and (4) leadership and governance. The 23 recommendations in After Sandy have bee ...
Research Article Environmetrics
Research Article Environmetrics

... The data for radiative forcings are not direct observations but rather estimates with specified uncertainties based on (temperatureindependent) information from several sources. These estimates are given for each hemisphere and each year from 1750 to 2007. The uncertainty distributions for the radia ...
Resilience Strategies for Communities at Risk
Resilience Strategies for Communities at Risk

... strategies can be applied to communities around the world. Those strategies fall into four categories: (1) land use and development; (2) infrastructure, technology, and capacity; (3) finance, investment, and insurance; and (4) leadership and governance. The 23 recommendations in After Sandy have bee ...
C - Morey Publishing
C - Morey Publishing

... warming potential (GWP) as 1, a thousand times less than what the potent greenhouse gases like hydrofluorocarbons have. Over the last two centuries, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air has risen by 40 percent while the concentration of methane, an even more potent greenhouse gas, has more ...
CSC Report_Laura Roth_geändert 07.04
CSC Report_Laura Roth_geändert 07.04

... the world will probably stay unaffected. Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations as important factor driving global warming have recently increased markedly. This can primarily be attributed to human activities and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is thus essential to avoid climate ...
Hydrologic response of a Hawaiian watershed to future climate
Hydrologic response of a Hawaiian watershed to future climate

... watershed was studied using the distributed hydrology soil vegetation model (DHSVM). The hydrologic response of the watershed was simulated for 43 years for different levels of atmospheric CO2 (330, 550, 710 and 970 ppm), temperature (+1.1 and + 6.4  C) and precipitation (5%, 10% and 20%) on the ...
Multi-level governance through regional adaptation
Multi-level governance through regional adaptation

...  Duration: April 2010 - December 2012  Partner: Austrian Environment Agency ...
Climate Change and Wetlands: Impacts and Mitigation
Climate Change and Wetlands: Impacts and Mitigation

... and regional climate and some other pressures (e.g., land use and land cover change). The paper also examines adaptive management options and reviews the extent to which the tools and guidelines contained in the Ramsar ‘toolkit’ of Wise Use Handbooks provides adequate guidance in support of manageme ...
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa

... feedbacks operate locally and may also generate teleconnections via heat and moisture advection, leading to altered atmospheric circulation (e.g. Avissar and Werth, 2005; Nogherotto et al., 2013). Previous studies have shown the importance of vegetation-mediated biophysical feedbacks for the past (e ...
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... These localized impacts can then cascade to have national and international ramifications. As a result, the responsibility for managing such risks requires the linkage of local, national, and global scales’. Therefore, it is imperative to study the vulnerability to these climatic extremes at the mic ...
Asia - IPCC
Asia - IPCC

... management (medium confidence). {24.4.3} Water resources are important in Asia because of the massive population and vary among regions and seasons. However, there is low confidence in future precipitation projections at a sub-regional scale and thus in future freshwater availability in most parts o ...
Thermophilic Fungi to Dominate Aflatoxigenic/Mycotoxigenic Fungi
Thermophilic Fungi to Dominate Aflatoxigenic/Mycotoxigenic Fungi

... outbreak of A. flavus on crops in Italy, uncommon previously. A. flavus was able to colonize ripening maize by outcompeting the more common Fusarium species [15,34]. This caused an increase in aflatoxin B1 contamination in Europe, an interesting example of how mycotoxins can estimate the presence of ...
Permafrost-and-Climate
Permafrost-and-Climate

... However the resource, where specified below, contains other 3rd party materials under their own licenses. The licenses and attributions are outlined below: 1. From Slide 11 – Illustration of permafrost migration in response to climate change from: French, H.M. 2007. The Periglacial Environment (3rd ...
Rethinking corporate social responsibility in the age of climate change
Rethinking corporate social responsibility in the age of climate change

... These discussions set the scene for a historic meeting in Paris in the winter of 2015 (i.e., COP 21). Prior to December 12, 2015, 186 countries published action plans for how they intend to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. “This agreement marks a change in direction, towards a new world. ...
The Carbon Neutral Myth
The Carbon Neutral Myth

... would be seen as irresponsible and antisocial, just as we now see littering or drink-driving. Keeping up with the Joneses would mean installing the most efficient mini-wind turbine rather than having the biggest wide screen TV. This hegemonic shift towards the primacy of climate-friendly values in ...
From: Pielke Sr., RA, G. Marland, RA Betts, TN Chase, JL Eastman
From: Pielke Sr., RA, G. Marland, RA Betts, TN Chase, JL Eastman

... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
Simulating Picea schrenkiana forest productivity under climatic
Simulating Picea schrenkiana forest productivity under climatic

... Fischlin (1996) have suggested that the first response of forests to climate change and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase will likely be an increase in productivity. Although there is a long history of forest net primary productivity (NPP) studies, it is not yet clear how forest NPP will respon ...
56 - University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus
56 - University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus

... important for food security, livelihood and employment and the generation of foreign exchange for national governments throughout the world. The impacts of climate change are expected to be different within and between regions and nations, and thus it is important to investigate where climate change ...
world climate programme
world climate programme

... Framework  for  Climate  Services  (GFCS).  The  GFCS  has  evolved  over  recent  years  as  a  Framework  through  which all  stakeholders  (including  UN  agencies,  research  and  academic  organizations,  etc)  could  work  together  to  address  the  concerns,  amongst  people,  communities,  ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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