Annotated draft outline of the 2016 EEA CCIV report
... CLIM011: Permafrost (indicator discontinued) New section: Overview of ecosystem services, “Big Five” threats to biodiversity, Case studies (e.g. maps by JRC) Merged with former sections on fisheries CLIM044: Ocean acidification CLIM043: Ocean heat content CLIM013: Sea surface temperature CLIM0 ...
... CLIM011: Permafrost (indicator discontinued) New section: Overview of ecosystem services, “Big Five” threats to biodiversity, Case studies (e.g. maps by JRC) Merged with former sections on fisheries CLIM044: Ocean acidification CLIM043: Ocean heat content CLIM013: Sea surface temperature CLIM0 ...
Climate-induced oceanic oxygen fluxes: Implications for the
... late shoaling of the mixed layer compared to the observations. Second, the maximum amplitude of O2 outgassing during the summer is too small in both hemispheres (15 mol m2 yr1, compared to almost 30 mol m2 yr1 in the observations). Nevertheless, our simulated seasonal net outgassing (SNO) of O2 ...
... late shoaling of the mixed layer compared to the observations. Second, the maximum amplitude of O2 outgassing during the summer is too small in both hemispheres (15 mol m2 yr1, compared to almost 30 mol m2 yr1 in the observations). Nevertheless, our simulated seasonal net outgassing (SNO) of O2 ...
Chapter 4
... International law has its own unique processes for lawmaking. As compared to national lawmaking, with its strong legislatures to pass laws, robust executive agencies to implement the laws, and independent courts to enforce the laws, the international lawmaking system is far less developed. Under the ...
... International law has its own unique processes for lawmaking. As compared to national lawmaking, with its strong legislatures to pass laws, robust executive agencies to implement the laws, and independent courts to enforce the laws, the international lawmaking system is far less developed. Under the ...
Climate variability and change and their health effects in small
... strategies; developing long-term adaptive strategies for sea-level rise; and assessing the costs and benefits of intervention options. > Address data needs, including the collection of more valid and comprehensive health, meteorological, environmental and socioeconomic data at the appropriate local, ...
... strategies; developing long-term adaptive strategies for sea-level rise; and assessing the costs and benefits of intervention options. > Address data needs, including the collection of more valid and comprehensive health, meteorological, environmental and socioeconomic data at the appropriate local, ...
Urbanization and Climate Change in Small iSland developing StateS
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2013) also has clear messages on the situation, with little room for interpretation. Few nations are as affected as significantly by the consequences of climate change as Small Island Developing States. SIDS account for less than 1 per cent of g ...
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2013) also has clear messages on the situation, with little room for interpretation. Few nations are as affected as significantly by the consequences of climate change as Small Island Developing States. SIDS account for less than 1 per cent of g ...
Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe
... G. Forzieri et al.: Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe circulation patterns within RCMs largely depend on the lateral boundary conditions from their driving GCM, influencing not only the mean precipitation changes but also the extremes. Considering uncertainties in low pre ...
... G. Forzieri et al.: Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe circulation patterns within RCMs largely depend on the lateral boundary conditions from their driving GCM, influencing not only the mean precipitation changes but also the extremes. Considering uncertainties in low pre ...
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from
... concentration values, including the compilation of historical GHG concentrations, the harmonization of emissions towards common 2000–2005 emission levels, the projection of best-estimate future GHG concentrations, and their extension beyond 2100. These concentration pathways lead to radiative forcin ...
... concentration values, including the compilation of historical GHG concentrations, the harmonization of emissions towards common 2000–2005 emission levels, the projection of best-estimate future GHG concentrations, and their extension beyond 2100. These concentration pathways lead to radiative forcin ...
Modelling the Response of Mountain Glacier Discharge
... explicit routing routines for water transport through the glacier, taking into account the different hydraulic properties of snow, firn and ice with respect to throughflow velocities. Such routines are necessary to accurately capture the effects of amplified diurnal discharge cycles, resulting from acc ...
... explicit routing routines for water transport through the glacier, taking into account the different hydraulic properties of snow, firn and ice with respect to throughflow velocities. Such routines are necessary to accurately capture the effects of amplified diurnal discharge cycles, resulting from acc ...
Chapter 4: Traditional Ricardian Method and
... climate such as wind speed or sunlight but one must be careful about variables such as evapotranspiration that already reflect precipitation and temperature to avoid double counting effects. ...
... climate such as wind speed or sunlight but one must be careful about variables such as evapotranspiration that already reflect precipitation and temperature to avoid double counting effects. ...
Beyond generic adaptive capacity: exploring the adaptation space of
... main organizations of the water supply and wastewater (WW) sector of the Stockholm region. The article identifies and analyzes the factors that influence the feasibility and attractiveness of the adaptation options available to those organizations. The WW sector of the Stockholm region is both sensi ...
... main organizations of the water supply and wastewater (WW) sector of the Stockholm region. The article identifies and analyzes the factors that influence the feasibility and attractiveness of the adaptation options available to those organizations. The WW sector of the Stockholm region is both sensi ...
PDF
... In 2006, Australia emitted a total of 576 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent into the earth’s biosphere (Department of Climate Change, 2009). This is less than two percent of total world emissions. Despite this relatively low level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the global context, th ...
... In 2006, Australia emitted a total of 576 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent into the earth’s biosphere (Department of Climate Change, 2009). This is less than two percent of total world emissions. Despite this relatively low level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the global context, th ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean
... Table 7.3: Socio-economic importance of travel and tourism in the Caribbean ..................................... 111 Table 7.4: Impact of temperature and precipitation on transport expenditure, A2 and B2 (2008 US$ million) ............................................................................ ...
... Table 7.3: Socio-economic importance of travel and tourism in the Caribbean ..................................... 111 Table 7.4: Impact of temperature and precipitation on transport expenditure, A2 and B2 (2008 US$ million) ............................................................................ ...
North Africa: The Impact of Climate Change to
... This paper does not represent US Government views. salinity, which may lead to desertification. Adaptation strategies, including modifications in sowing dates to match climate changes and development of heat-tolerant crop varieties, will likely mitigate some of the expected negative effects on Nort ...
... This paper does not represent US Government views. salinity, which may lead to desertification. Adaptation strategies, including modifications in sowing dates to match climate changes and development of heat-tolerant crop varieties, will likely mitigate some of the expected negative effects on Nort ...
Primary Student-Teachers` Conceptual Understanding of the
... for the duration of one academic year. The majority of the teaching provided supports this project. The project includes content analysis, determining student ideas about the topic, finding, selecting or creating the most appropriate presentations and teaching strategies, and drawing up a practical ...
... for the duration of one academic year. The majority of the teaching provided supports this project. The project includes content analysis, determining student ideas about the topic, finding, selecting or creating the most appropriate presentations and teaching strategies, and drawing up a practical ...
Philippine businesses’ response to climate
... This report likewise highlights the earnest need of harnessing private and public sector partnership. The Philippine Climate Change Commission, with the objective of raising public awareness on climate change and strengthening institutions and mechanisms, is currently embarking on greater engagement ...
... This report likewise highlights the earnest need of harnessing private and public sector partnership. The Philippine Climate Change Commission, with the objective of raising public awareness on climate change and strengthening institutions and mechanisms, is currently embarking on greater engagement ...
Climate change : quantifying the health impact at national
... Special Report on Emissions Scenarios ...
... Special Report on Emissions Scenarios ...
Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate
... Highlighted areas where future research is required It is clear that significant further work is required both in the climate science field and in the actuarial field in order to provide more reliable estimates of the impact of climate change on insurance. In addition, further collaboration and comm ...
... Highlighted areas where future research is required It is clear that significant further work is required both in the climate science field and in the actuarial field in order to provide more reliable estimates of the impact of climate change on insurance. In addition, further collaboration and comm ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.