RADIATIVE AND CLIMATE EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS OVER THE
... regions with important aerosol sources. A quasi-hemispheric simulation will be needed to provide initial and boundary conditions to smaller domain simulations. During the first of the inter-comparison, this simulation was not available. As a first approximation, we initialized the model with 5 aeros ...
... regions with important aerosol sources. A quasi-hemispheric simulation will be needed to provide initial and boundary conditions to smaller domain simulations. During the first of the inter-comparison, this simulation was not available. As a first approximation, we initialized the model with 5 aeros ...
Will we ever be able to attribute individual weather events to
... greenhouse gas emissions as global temperatures appear to be. Hence we can never attribute “this flood” to past emissions as we can attribute the observed global warming. So the question “Is this flood due to climate change?” is vacuous. But this does not mean that nothing can be said at all. Climat ...
... greenhouse gas emissions as global temperatures appear to be. Hence we can never attribute “this flood” to past emissions as we can attribute the observed global warming. So the question “Is this flood due to climate change?” is vacuous. But this does not mean that nothing can be said at all. Climat ...
California Science Education Standards, Ocean Literacy, Climate
... C. The amount of solar energy absorbed or radiated by Earth is modulated by the atmosphere and depends on its composition. Greenhouse gases— such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane— occur naturally in small amounts and absorb and release heat energy more efficiently than abundant atmospheri ...
... C. The amount of solar energy absorbed or radiated by Earth is modulated by the atmosphere and depends on its composition. Greenhouse gases— such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane— occur naturally in small amounts and absorb and release heat energy more efficiently than abundant atmospheri ...
4 Industry sectors
... Climate affects when, why, how and where tourists travel. It also affects the nature and location of tourism attractions, such as wilderness areas, surf beaches and snowfields. Tourism is particularly vulnerable to an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme events such as droughts, bushfir ...
... Climate affects when, why, how and where tourists travel. It also affects the nature and location of tourism attractions, such as wilderness areas, surf beaches and snowfields. Tourism is particularly vulnerable to an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme events such as droughts, bushfir ...
Scientific Rationale The Pliocene epoch (~ 5.33 to 2.59 Ma) is the
... circum-North Atlantic ice sheets developed. The latest reconstructions of atmospheric pCO2 concentrations indicate that during the Pliocene pCO2 was higher than pre-industrial and comparable or slightly higher than current (anthropogenic) values (Pagani et al., 2010; Bartoli et al., 2011; Badger et ...
... circum-North Atlantic ice sheets developed. The latest reconstructions of atmospheric pCO2 concentrations indicate that during the Pliocene pCO2 was higher than pre-industrial and comparable or slightly higher than current (anthropogenic) values (Pagani et al., 2010; Bartoli et al., 2011; Badger et ...
ITU/Ghana Experiences in National Planning for ICTs, Climate
... Action” to raise awareness and build capacity on using ICTs to tackle climate change. ...
... Action” to raise awareness and build capacity on using ICTs to tackle climate change. ...
FORESTS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: IMPACTS AND
... There is overwhelming evidence that climate change is real, and we are already experiencing changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather. In Canada, average surface air temperature has increased by 1.5°C between 1950 and 2010 (Bush et al., 2014). Although the strongest trends have been ...
... There is overwhelming evidence that climate change is real, and we are already experiencing changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather. In Canada, average surface air temperature has increased by 1.5°C between 1950 and 2010 (Bush et al., 2014). Although the strongest trends have been ...
Climate change
... From these predict changes in atmospheric composition Use these results to drive a climate model Question: How do we do this probabilistically? ...
... From these predict changes in atmospheric composition Use these results to drive a climate model Question: How do we do this probabilistically? ...
Questionnaire design effects in climate change surveys
... response-order manipulation revealed a significant primacy effect, with greater seriousness ratings observed when the “Extremely serious” option came first. In a separate study (published together with the study above), Villar and Krosnick (2011) embedded a global warming/climate change manipulation ...
... response-order manipulation revealed a significant primacy effect, with greater seriousness ratings observed when the “Extremely serious” option came first. In a separate study (published together with the study above), Villar and Krosnick (2011) embedded a global warming/climate change manipulation ...
PPT - WMO
... In the fourth stage, the information is communicated to the end-user in a manner that develops thrust and understanding In the final stage, applications are created and benefits gained ( stages 3-5 all refer to products and information delivery upon which decisions can be made) The ...
... In the fourth stage, the information is communicated to the end-user in a manner that develops thrust and understanding In the final stage, applications are created and benefits gained ( stages 3-5 all refer to products and information delivery upon which decisions can be made) The ...
Information and communication technologies, the
... that the issue of protection of the environment including climate change is rapidly emerging as a global concern and requires global collaboration; b) that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions had risen by more than ...
... that the issue of protection of the environment including climate change is rapidly emerging as a global concern and requires global collaboration; b) that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions had risen by more than ...
Stop Global Warming 2015 - Approach to Mitigation and Adaptation
... Approach to Mitigation and Adaptation Editorial Supervisor National Institute for Environmental Studies ...
... Approach to Mitigation and Adaptation Editorial Supervisor National Institute for Environmental Studies ...
Climate change DRAFT
... With the majority of the state’s population located in the region, there is extensive existing infrastructure providing water, power, communications and transport services. Climate change impacts, including rising sea levels, increased risk of storm tide inundation, coastal flooding and increased co ...
... With the majority of the state’s population located in the region, there is extensive existing infrastructure providing water, power, communications and transport services. Climate change impacts, including rising sea levels, increased risk of storm tide inundation, coastal flooding and increased co ...
nicpp final report
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were eliminated. He reiterated his proposal that the UN organize a parallel panel and publish two competing reports. The present report of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) does exactly that. It is an independent examin ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were eliminated. He reiterated his proposal that the UN organize a parallel panel and publish two competing reports. The present report of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) does exactly that. It is an independent examin ...
Climate Action – Time to Act (PDF 4 MB, accessible)
... We know now that climate change is happening – and it is mostly caused by human action. Only if we systematically reduce greenhouse gas emissions will it still be possible to keep climate change within manageable limits. In the least developed countries in particular, climate change is posing a thre ...
... We know now that climate change is happening – and it is mostly caused by human action. Only if we systematically reduce greenhouse gas emissions will it still be possible to keep climate change within manageable limits. In the least developed countries in particular, climate change is posing a thre ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA W. M. Briggs New York, NY 10021, USA ...
... Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA W. M. Briggs New York, NY 10021, USA ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA W. M. Briggs New York, NY 10021, USA ...
... Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA W. M. Briggs New York, NY 10021, USA ...
Colombia`s INDC
... The National Greenhouse Gas Inventory for 2010 was prepared by IDEAM in the context of the First Biennial Update Report and the Third National Communication on Climate Change, according to ...
... The National Greenhouse Gas Inventory for 2010 was prepared by IDEAM in the context of the First Biennial Update Report and the Third National Communication on Climate Change, according to ...
EOP-G Work Plan 2010
... QI needs to be based on a documented and quantifiable assessment of evidence demonstrating the level of Traceability traceability to internationally agreed (where possible SI) reference standards. Page 7 ...
... QI needs to be based on a documented and quantifiable assessment of evidence demonstrating the level of Traceability traceability to internationally agreed (where possible SI) reference standards. Page 7 ...
PREFACE
... stress but also consider, in-depth, other environmental and social threats. The text of the articles is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the respective field. The que ...
... stress but also consider, in-depth, other environmental and social threats. The text of the articles is written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the respective field. The que ...
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Considerations For
... water stressed countries in the world (ADB, 2013). Current water storage capacity is limited to a 30day supply, well below the recommended 1,000 days for countries with a similar climate. Climate change is affecting snowmelt and reducing flows in the Indus River, the main water supply source for the ...
... water stressed countries in the world (ADB, 2013). Current water storage capacity is limited to a 30day supply, well below the recommended 1,000 days for countries with a similar climate. Climate change is affecting snowmelt and reducing flows in the Indus River, the main water supply source for the ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.