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... summarises the key distinguishing features of the architectures that we compare and contrast in this paper. In Table 1, we emphasise two main features of the policy architecture that have important implications for its cost and feasibility, namely its scope and timing. Universal agreements involve a ...
... summarises the key distinguishing features of the architectures that we compare and contrast in this paper. In Table 1, we emphasise two main features of the policy architecture that have important implications for its cost and feasibility, namely its scope and timing. Universal agreements involve a ...
Ambiente & Sociedade 1414-753X Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e
... Fund were partly used in the Kyoto Protocol. Other propositions related to the share of the burden and the measure of climate change were the subject of technical discussions in the subsidiary bodies of the convention at the time of writing this paper. A controversial point is the use of temperature ...
... Fund were partly used in the Kyoto Protocol. Other propositions related to the share of the burden and the measure of climate change were the subject of technical discussions in the subsidiary bodies of the convention at the time of writing this paper. A controversial point is the use of temperature ...
Annex B. Glossary of Terms
... precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. Climate change Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period ( ...
... precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. Climate change Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period ( ...
– Joint International Conference Climate change and adaptation
... Joint International Conference – Climate Change ...
... Joint International Conference – Climate Change ...
AGENDA
... University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii Hosted by IPRC sponsored by WCRP, IGBP, US National Science Foundation, Climate Central ...
... University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii Hosted by IPRC sponsored by WCRP, IGBP, US National Science Foundation, Climate Central ...
the full ITEP workshop booklet
... Using environmental sensors often require the use of maps in order to make sense of sensor data. Mapping is also a gateway to thinking about how climate change can influence a community. Useful maps ...
... Using environmental sensors often require the use of maps in order to make sense of sensor data. Mapping is also a gateway to thinking about how climate change can influence a community. Useful maps ...
When Science and Ideology Collide: Explaining
... Carsey 2002; Zaller 2013). That individual-level stability also surely contributes to the impressive aggregate stability in evolution beliefs observed over the last two decades. All of these factors that have made evolution beliefs so stable also make it less likely that reception of elite political ...
... Carsey 2002; Zaller 2013). That individual-level stability also surely contributes to the impressive aggregate stability in evolution beliefs observed over the last two decades. All of these factors that have made evolution beliefs so stable also make it less likely that reception of elite political ...
MS Climate 1AC Jiao-Taori Tournament
... average surface temperature would be approximately -20°C. While many of these gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, humans are responsible for increasing their concentration through burning fossil fuels, deforestation and other land use changes. Records of air bubbles in ancient Antarctic ice sho ...
... average surface temperature would be approximately -20°C. While many of these gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, humans are responsible for increasing their concentration through burning fossil fuels, deforestation and other land use changes. Records of air bubbles in ancient Antarctic ice sho ...
Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... Resistances to both diagnoses of the causes of climate change, and prognoses for international climate policy implementation, in the US more specifically, have been often associated with the political right: the Republican Party and more particularly a right-wing faction called the ‘Tea Party’ (Dunl ...
... Resistances to both diagnoses of the causes of climate change, and prognoses for international climate policy implementation, in the US more specifically, have been often associated with the political right: the Republican Party and more particularly a right-wing faction called the ‘Tea Party’ (Dunl ...
Implications of the Paris Agreement for Carbon Dioxide Removal
... carbon emissions that would allow the world to stay under some threshold, such as 1.5 °C or 2 °C. This assumption conceals one of the central physical realities of climate change: the amount of climate change for a given amount of carbon emissions—the climate sensitivity—is deeply uncertain. That un ...
... carbon emissions that would allow the world to stay under some threshold, such as 1.5 °C or 2 °C. This assumption conceals one of the central physical realities of climate change: the amount of climate change for a given amount of carbon emissions—the climate sensitivity—is deeply uncertain. That un ...
Climate Change Position Statement and 2020 Action Plan
... change action plan almost a decade ago, we have been helping customers and communities transition to a low carbon economy. ...
... change action plan almost a decade ago, we have been helping customers and communities transition to a low carbon economy. ...
Heating up the forest: open-top chamber warming and Duke Forests
... 1. Recent observations indicate that climatic change is altering biodiversity, and models suggest that the consequences of climate change will differ across latitude. However, long-term experimental field manipulations that directly test the predictions about organisms’ responses to climate change acr ...
... 1. Recent observations indicate that climatic change is altering biodiversity, and models suggest that the consequences of climate change will differ across latitude. However, long-term experimental field manipulations that directly test the predictions about organisms’ responses to climate change acr ...
Plants & Ecology Phenology and climate Tenna Toftegaard
... Within the last 20 years, the scientific view has changed from a general understanding of climate change as having minor impact on the world’s ecosystems, to today’s documentation of human caused climate change on every continent (Parmesan 2006). It is by now well documented that the climate is chan ...
... Within the last 20 years, the scientific view has changed from a general understanding of climate change as having minor impact on the world’s ecosystems, to today’s documentation of human caused climate change on every continent (Parmesan 2006). It is by now well documented that the climate is chan ...
Evidence that local land use practices influence regional climate
... by: (i) poor resolution of general circulation models (GCMs); (ii) poor understanding of two–way interactions between atmospheric and land surface processes; and (iii) insufficient observations of landscape-scale temperature, hydrologic, and vegetation change in natural areas. GCM simulations typica ...
... by: (i) poor resolution of general circulation models (GCMs); (ii) poor understanding of two–way interactions between atmospheric and land surface processes; and (iii) insufficient observations of landscape-scale temperature, hydrologic, and vegetation change in natural areas. GCM simulations typica ...
forecasting the impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems
... findings are often perceived as controversial or contentious by the general public,7 a recent survey of climate change research papers suggests otherwise. 8 This survey of articles published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature between 1993-2003 and listed with the key words “climate change” i ...
... findings are often perceived as controversial or contentious by the general public,7 a recent survey of climate change research papers suggests otherwise. 8 This survey of articles published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature between 1993-2003 and listed with the key words “climate change” i ...
Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... framings are woven into both the formulation of scientific explanations of environmental problems, and the solutions proposed to reduce them”. 20 Environmentalism and celebrity today might be said to be connected through one dominant form or ideology in particular: that which social scientists term ...
... framings are woven into both the formulation of scientific explanations of environmental problems, and the solutions proposed to reduce them”. 20 Environmentalism and celebrity today might be said to be connected through one dominant form or ideology in particular: that which social scientists term ...
Spanning `not-implausiblea futures to assess relative vulnerability to
... cascading uncertainty might alter our understanding of how to plan for what the future might hold. The idea is to apply a vulnerability indexing scheme recently developed by Schimmelpfennig and Yohe (1998) to existing case studies of vulnerable systems (or even heuristic descriptions of sources of s ...
... cascading uncertainty might alter our understanding of how to plan for what the future might hold. The idea is to apply a vulnerability indexing scheme recently developed by Schimmelpfennig and Yohe (1998) to existing case studies of vulnerable systems (or even heuristic descriptions of sources of s ...
The consequences of an increase of the atmospheric CO2
... present in the Earth’s atmosphere globally exceed 500 W/m2, whereas the convective flows, including the one due to the latent heat of water, barely reach 100 W/m2. There is a big difference between these two types of streams. Infrared fluxes are present at all times and everywhere in the atmosphere. ...
... present in the Earth’s atmosphere globally exceed 500 W/m2, whereas the convective flows, including the one due to the latent heat of water, barely reach 100 W/m2. There is a big difference between these two types of streams. Infrared fluxes are present at all times and everywhere in the atmosphere. ...
Hotte, Martin - Transportation Association of Canada
... The Ministry is thus involved or participating in several research projects designed to identify how climate change will impact our transportation activities. It is also participating in developing or testing new ways of doing things in order to adapt to the new climatic conditions. The Ministry of ...
... The Ministry is thus involved or participating in several research projects designed to identify how climate change will impact our transportation activities. It is also participating in developing or testing new ways of doing things in order to adapt to the new climatic conditions. The Ministry of ...
Climate Change: The Sun`s Role
... The role of the sun in climate change remains contentious not so much because there is no data to support the thesis, but because there is no accepted mechanism to explain the positive feedback that must underlie the sometimes dramatic changes in climate resulting from relatively small changes in so ...
... The role of the sun in climate change remains contentious not so much because there is no data to support the thesis, but because there is no accepted mechanism to explain the positive feedback that must underlie the sometimes dramatic changes in climate resulting from relatively small changes in so ...
Technical briefing - Global Climate Change Alliance
... that indeed the solution was beyond doubt and scientifically proven. Unfortunately, climate change is full of “uncertainty” – it is difficult to pinpoint if human induced greenhouse gases cause global warming; whether this will be good or bad for different parts of the world, or when to expect bad o ...
... that indeed the solution was beyond doubt and scientifically proven. Unfortunately, climate change is full of “uncertainty” – it is difficult to pinpoint if human induced greenhouse gases cause global warming; whether this will be good or bad for different parts of the world, or when to expect bad o ...
The Climate Change Act (2008) - The Institute for Government
... Conservative Party leader in 2005 and his decision to use climate change as an issue with which to ‘decontaminate’ the Tory brand. According to Nick Boles, an adviser to David Cameron and head of the Tory leader’s Implementation Unit (and a now a Conservative MP), the Conservative Party’s support wa ...
... Conservative Party leader in 2005 and his decision to use climate change as an issue with which to ‘decontaminate’ the Tory brand. According to Nick Boles, an adviser to David Cameron and head of the Tory leader’s Implementation Unit (and a now a Conservative MP), the Conservative Party’s support wa ...
Attribution - hvonstorch.de
... • Later, changes in the water cycle are expected to become obvious. • This regional warming will have a variety of effects on terrestrial and marine ecosystems – some predictable such as the changes in the phenology others so far hardly predictable. BACC Group: Assessment of climate change for the B ...
... • Later, changes in the water cycle are expected to become obvious. • This regional warming will have a variety of effects on terrestrial and marine ecosystems – some predictable such as the changes in the phenology others so far hardly predictable. BACC Group: Assessment of climate change for the B ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.