Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol: Implications for the Future Cédric Philibert
... capita allocation (Meyer 2000; Aslam 2002). Industrialized countries that have resisted participating in the first period of the Kyoto Protocol would possibly be given more lenient targets in subsequent ones. The problem with “progressive” approaches is that they are hardly compatible with low conce ...
... capita allocation (Meyer 2000; Aslam 2002). Industrialized countries that have resisted participating in the first period of the Kyoto Protocol would possibly be given more lenient targets in subsequent ones. The problem with “progressive” approaches is that they are hardly compatible with low conce ...
ST 2011 02
... longwave (infrared) radiation, convection, land surface processes, albedo, hydrology, cloud cover, and sea ice dynamics (Rupp et al., 2009). Many global climate models (GCMs) have been developed and evaluated around the world. These models have come to many fairly consistent conclusions. In general, ...
... longwave (infrared) radiation, convection, land surface processes, albedo, hydrology, cloud cover, and sea ice dynamics (Rupp et al., 2009). Many global climate models (GCMs) have been developed and evaluated around the world. These models have come to many fairly consistent conclusions. In general, ...
Climate change and impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean and the
... Here we present a comprehensive regional climate assessment as the EMME has only been marginally addressed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (see Christensen et al. 2007). From a historical perspective this region is interesting as it is the cradle of civilization and has remained ver ...
... Here we present a comprehensive regional climate assessment as the EMME has only been marginally addressed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (see Christensen et al. 2007). From a historical perspective this region is interesting as it is the cradle of civilization and has remained ver ...
ILS 251 - Integrated Liberal Studies
... Higgs Bosons and crazy things we do to figure out about really small stuff Orbital variations Milancovic: Right guy, wrong place, wrong time ...
... Higgs Bosons and crazy things we do to figure out about really small stuff Orbital variations Milancovic: Right guy, wrong place, wrong time ...
Climate Change and Fairtrade
... Climate change is not fair. In fact, developing countries have contributed the least to this growing problem and are currently the most affected. Farmers from developing countries are increasingly showing their concern as they are more and more affected by this phenomenon. In order to address this n ...
... Climate change is not fair. In fact, developing countries have contributed the least to this growing problem and are currently the most affected. Farmers from developing countries are increasingly showing their concern as they are more and more affected by this phenomenon. In order to address this n ...
Elemental Geosystems, 5e (Christopherson)
... D) are essentially unrelated to mathematical models originally established for forecasting weather. Answer: 65) Which is false regarding the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports? A) They state that global temperatures are expected to continue to rise under all climate models. B) ...
... D) are essentially unrelated to mathematical models originally established for forecasting weather. Answer: 65) Which is false regarding the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports? A) They state that global temperatures are expected to continue to rise under all climate models. B) ...
The Mid-Atlantic Region and its climate: past, present
... by the 1960s. During this decade, the MAR was influenced by an anomalous, deep trough of continental polar air and a storm track southeast of its long-term mean position, with precipitation often falling off the Atlantic coast. This regime promoted a relatively cool, dry climate. The early 1970s saw ...
... by the 1960s. During this decade, the MAR was influenced by an anomalous, deep trough of continental polar air and a storm track southeast of its long-term mean position, with precipitation often falling off the Atlantic coast. This regime promoted a relatively cool, dry climate. The early 1970s saw ...
Urban growth and climate change
... atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide in parts per million (ppm). “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held near the present level of 7 billion tons of carbon per year for the next 50 years, even though they are currently on course to more than double” (Pacala & S ...
... atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide in parts per million (ppm). “Very roughly, stabilization at 500 ppm requires that emissions be held near the present level of 7 billion tons of carbon per year for the next 50 years, even though they are currently on course to more than double” (Pacala & S ...
nullius in verba - The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... pretence of science to a position of political authority. The simple chronology speaks for itself, though one cannot read it without thinking, at least, about the motivations. Already in the 19th century, gentleman scientists, like Darwin, noted the potential constraints on scientific inquiry that w ...
... pretence of science to a position of political authority. The simple chronology speaks for itself, though one cannot read it without thinking, at least, about the motivations. Already in the 19th century, gentleman scientists, like Darwin, noted the potential constraints on scientific inquiry that w ...
Regional Climate Messages for West Africa
... The region’s climate is mainly influenced by large scale seasonal atmospheric patterns and the warm waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures are relatively high throughout the year and the majority of the region’s rainfall occurs in the summer months (April to September), whilst some coas ...
... The region’s climate is mainly influenced by large scale seasonal atmospheric patterns and the warm waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures are relatively high throughout the year and the majority of the region’s rainfall occurs in the summer months (April to September), whilst some coas ...
Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the
... The Earth’s climate has undergone a global transition over the past four million years, from warm conditions with global surface temperatures about 3 8C warmer than today, smaller ice sheets and higher sea levels to the current cooler conditions. Tectonic changes and their influence on ocean heat tr ...
... The Earth’s climate has undergone a global transition over the past four million years, from warm conditions with global surface temperatures about 3 8C warmer than today, smaller ice sheets and higher sea levels to the current cooler conditions. Tectonic changes and their influence on ocean heat tr ...
Challenge of Weather and Climate
... 6. Draw annotated diagrams to show the impact of each of the factors affecting UK climate – e.g. see p 45 in Understanding GCSE Geography (Bowen and Pallister) . Perhaps give a sheet of A3 paper to students in groups. They are required to produce a diagram/map/image which explains the importance of ...
... 6. Draw annotated diagrams to show the impact of each of the factors affecting UK climate – e.g. see p 45 in Understanding GCSE Geography (Bowen and Pallister) . Perhaps give a sheet of A3 paper to students in groups. They are required to produce a diagram/map/image which explains the importance of ...
Discussion Paper - Economics E
... climate change along a business as usual path and along a path with slightly higher emissions between 2010 and 2019.2 Differences in monetized damages from climate change impacts were calculated, discounted back to the current year, and normalised by the difference in emissions.3 The SCC is thereby ...
... climate change along a business as usual path and along a path with slightly higher emissions between 2010 and 2019.2 Differences in monetized damages from climate change impacts were calculated, discounted back to the current year, and normalised by the difference in emissions.3 The SCC is thereby ...
Science integration into US climate and ocean policy
... and decision makers in the first place. Such disconnects can hamstring efforts to develop and implement climate adaptation policies and practices based on best-available science. Ocean management needs to become more climate-smart; in other words, it needs to reflect and integrate current and projec ...
... and decision makers in the first place. Such disconnects can hamstring efforts to develop and implement climate adaptation policies and practices based on best-available science. Ocean management needs to become more climate-smart; in other words, it needs to reflect and integrate current and projec ...
The Science of Climate Change, Questions and Answers
... Published by the Australian Academy of Science; ISBN 085847 286 4. Please cite “The Science of Climate Change: Questions and Answers”, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra. The Science of Climate Change ...
... Published by the Australian Academy of Science; ISBN 085847 286 4. Please cite “The Science of Climate Change: Questions and Answers”, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra. The Science of Climate Change ...
Chapter 20 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
... strongly influences the nature of plant and animal life, the soil, and many external geological processes. Climate influences people as well. Although climate has a significant impact on people, we are learning that people also have a strong influence on climate. In fact, today global climate change ...
... strongly influences the nature of plant and animal life, the soil, and many external geological processes. Climate influences people as well. Although climate has a significant impact on people, we are learning that people also have a strong influence on climate. In fact, today global climate change ...
discussion brief - International Research Institute for Climate and
... components or systems that may cause system failures. ...
... components or systems that may cause system failures. ...
relevant, immediate, local: guide to communicating climate change
... GUIDE TO COMMUNICATING CLIMATE CHANGE IN AUSTRALIA ...
... GUIDE TO COMMUNICATING CLIMATE CHANGE IN AUSTRALIA ...
Cosmic Rays, Carbon Dioxide, and Climate
... fluctuations in cosmic ray flux reaching the Earth can explain 66% of the temperature variance over the past 520 m.y., and that the sensitivity of climate to a doubling of CO is less than previously estimated. Shaviv and Veizer’s paper was accompanied by a press release titled “Global Warming not a ...
... fluctuations in cosmic ray flux reaching the Earth can explain 66% of the temperature variance over the past 520 m.y., and that the sensitivity of climate to a doubling of CO is less than previously estimated. Shaviv and Veizer’s paper was accompanied by a press release titled “Global Warming not a ...
The effect of experimental warming and precipitation
... forest biomes show that the activity of N-degrading enzymes in the soil are less responsive to temperature than those that degrade soil C (Wallenstein et al., 2009; Brzostek & Finzi, 2011), suggesting that current generation of models may overestimate the availability of N to support primary product ...
... forest biomes show that the activity of N-degrading enzymes in the soil are less responsive to temperature than those that degrade soil C (Wallenstein et al., 2009; Brzostek & Finzi, 2011), suggesting that current generation of models may overestimate the availability of N to support primary product ...
The Cost of Climate Change: What We`ll Pay if
... (in today’s dollars), or 1.8 percent of U.S. GDP per year by 2100. And this bottom line represents only the cost of the four categories we examined in detail; the total cost of continuing on a business-as-usual path will be even greater—as high as 3.6 percent of GDP when economic and noneconomic cos ...
... (in today’s dollars), or 1.8 percent of U.S. GDP per year by 2100. And this bottom line represents only the cost of the four categories we examined in detail; the total cost of continuing on a business-as-usual path will be even greater—as high as 3.6 percent of GDP when economic and noneconomic cos ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.