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... In formulating policy decisions it is essential for a study of this nature to be able to forecast the value of economic magnitudes as a result of climate change. These forecasts will enable policy makers to judge whether it is necessary to take corrective measures to influence the relevant economic ...
... In formulating policy decisions it is essential for a study of this nature to be able to forecast the value of economic magnitudes as a result of climate change. These forecasts will enable policy makers to judge whether it is necessary to take corrective measures to influence the relevant economic ...
Adaptation Planning Background Material
... Once the higher priority planning areas have been identified, the next step is to set adaptation goals and actions. Adaptation Goal: Major result that your tribe wants to accomplish, for example, “Reduce property damage caused by sea level rise, erosion by storms, and flooding.” Adaptation Action: A ...
... Once the higher priority planning areas have been identified, the next step is to set adaptation goals and actions. Adaptation Goal: Major result that your tribe wants to accomplish, for example, “Reduce property damage caused by sea level rise, erosion by storms, and flooding.” Adaptation Action: A ...
Theoretical mechanism for natural radiative forcing of El Nino
... isotopes (standardized to have same mean and standard deviation as Nino3 composite series) ...
... isotopes (standardized to have same mean and standard deviation as Nino3 composite series) ...
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... change. Without action, we, as inhabitants of the planet, face the burdensome and costly task of planning for the relatively unknown future that awaits us. President Obama stated in his State of the Union Address, “[w]e can choose to believe that Superstorm Sandy, and the most severe drought in deca ...
... change. Without action, we, as inhabitants of the planet, face the burdensome and costly task of planning for the relatively unknown future that awaits us. President Obama stated in his State of the Union Address, “[w]e can choose to believe that Superstorm Sandy, and the most severe drought in deca ...
View Dec, 2013, issue of the Pacific Region climate change science
... biodiversity and the functional attributes of ecosystems, rather than specific species. How does climate change cause extinction? Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, w ...
... biodiversity and the functional attributes of ecosystems, rather than specific species. How does climate change cause extinction? Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, w ...
M B V C
... voluntary action. Compliance actions stem from the Kyoto Protocol, where the primary motivation is regulatory compliance (UNFCCC 2011:1). The voluntary market, by contrast, is a demand-driven market impelled by voluntary action to reduce emissions (Reyers, 2009:21). Climate change as a global concer ...
... voluntary action. Compliance actions stem from the Kyoto Protocol, where the primary motivation is regulatory compliance (UNFCCC 2011:1). The voluntary market, by contrast, is a demand-driven market impelled by voluntary action to reduce emissions (Reyers, 2009:21). Climate change as a global concer ...
Arctic alpine vegetation change over 20 years
... vascular plant species, evergreen and deciduous woody plants, forbs, graminoids, the five most common woody and herbaceous species, and bare ground. We also examined total species richness, woody species richness, and herbaceous species richness. Smaller classes of growth forms (e.g. evergreen and d ...
... vascular plant species, evergreen and deciduous woody plants, forbs, graminoids, the five most common woody and herbaceous species, and bare ground. We also examined total species richness, woody species richness, and herbaceous species richness. Smaller classes of growth forms (e.g. evergreen and d ...
Climate impacts threatening Japan today and tomorrow
... diseases from Japanese cedar pollen (Koike, 2006). As Japan’s climate changes and weather patterns are affected, there is an increase in the likelihood of more intense and frequent extreme weather events, such as storms, droughts and floods, which will almost certainly have a severe impact on Japan’ ...
... diseases from Japanese cedar pollen (Koike, 2006). As Japan’s climate changes and weather patterns are affected, there is an increase in the likelihood of more intense and frequent extreme weather events, such as storms, droughts and floods, which will almost certainly have a severe impact on Japan’ ...
Word - Nature Works Everywhere
... In order for students to fully grasp climate change they must first understand the difference between climate and weather. It is this basic understanding that helps to demystify statements we hear like “We had record snowfall this year! How can there be global warming?” Essentially, weather is short ...
... In order for students to fully grasp climate change they must first understand the difference between climate and weather. It is this basic understanding that helps to demystify statements we hear like “We had record snowfall this year! How can there be global warming?” Essentially, weather is short ...
to open - Gifted Leadership Services
... Background information An independent, non-profit organization that campaigns for positive change to protect the natural world and promote peace. Originally known as ‘Greenpeace Foundation’ and was initially founded in Vancouver, Canada, in 1971, to oppose the USA testing nuclear devices in Alas ...
... Background information An independent, non-profit organization that campaigns for positive change to protect the natural world and promote peace. Originally known as ‘Greenpeace Foundation’ and was initially founded in Vancouver, Canada, in 1971, to oppose the USA testing nuclear devices in Alas ...
No Regrets Charter
... The latest IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) world climate report emphasises the likelihood of global temperature increases in excess of two degrees. It states that sea levels are rising more rapidly than had previously been predicted. Even if we can stay within the threshold of a two ...
... The latest IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) world climate report emphasises the likelihood of global temperature increases in excess of two degrees. It states that sea levels are rising more rapidly than had previously been predicted. Even if we can stay within the threshold of a two ...
Discuss - Harvard University
... the risk of illnesses and injuries, exacerbate many existing health conditions, and change the patterns of where diseases are transmitted by insects and other vectors. Health is also affected by the safety and availability of food, water, indoor air quality, and energy, which may be compromised duri ...
... the risk of illnesses and injuries, exacerbate many existing health conditions, and change the patterns of where diseases are transmitted by insects and other vectors. Health is also affected by the safety and availability of food, water, indoor air quality, and energy, which may be compromised duri ...
The Climate Beta
... but how does it affect the aggregate risk borne by future generations? This raises the question of the ‘climate beta’, i.e., the elasticity of climate damages with respect to a change in aggregate consumption. In this paper we show that the climate beta is positive if the main source of uncertainty ...
... but how does it affect the aggregate risk borne by future generations? This raises the question of the ‘climate beta’, i.e., the elasticity of climate damages with respect to a change in aggregate consumption. In this paper we show that the climate beta is positive if the main source of uncertainty ...
What`s In A Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change
... mean different things in the minds of many Americans. Scientists often prefer the term climate change for technical reasons, but should be aware that the two terms generate different interpretations among the general public and specific subgroups. Some issue advocates have argued that the term clima ...
... mean different things in the minds of many Americans. Scientists often prefer the term climate change for technical reasons, but should be aware that the two terms generate different interpretations among the general public and specific subgroups. Some issue advocates have argued that the term clima ...
- Harvard University
... INDOEX Aircraft Data global models of aerosol Ash microphysics, growth, reactivity, Black carbon and processes for their removal ...
... INDOEX Aircraft Data global models of aerosol Ash microphysics, growth, reactivity, Black carbon and processes for their removal ...
1 - Terranova
... Gaps in our understanding of some biological process (e.g. relationship between CO2 level and vegetation growth) and problems associated with accurately representing complex systems in modelling limit our capacity to understand the ‘real impacts and most effective adaptive responses’ of climate chan ...
... Gaps in our understanding of some biological process (e.g. relationship between CO2 level and vegetation growth) and problems associated with accurately representing complex systems in modelling limit our capacity to understand the ‘real impacts and most effective adaptive responses’ of climate chan ...
1 workshop proceedings day one: 20 th october 2016 - ClimDev
... from this workshop with their fellow legislators 3. Need for legislators to be more proactive rather than reactive/responsive - with regards to addressing CC issues 4. The workshop trainers should have included linkage between climate change, gender and vulnerable persons as part of the training 1. ...
... from this workshop with their fellow legislators 3. Need for legislators to be more proactive rather than reactive/responsive - with regards to addressing CC issues 4. The workshop trainers should have included linkage between climate change, gender and vulnerable persons as part of the training 1. ...
Keith Brander
... the response of cod to increased water temperature indicate that such predictions, which are based on matching present species distributions to one or two climate variables, are not reliable. A positive consequence of the recent upsurge of concern about climate change is that people are becoming muc ...
... the response of cod to increased water temperature indicate that such predictions, which are based on matching present species distributions to one or two climate variables, are not reliable. A positive consequence of the recent upsurge of concern about climate change is that people are becoming muc ...
The Asian Monsoon
... variability and how this has shaped the human society and culture over Asia. The authors employ records derived from ice cores, spelothems, lakes and peat bogs to assess monsoon strengths since about 8000 y BP to the present. The monsoon strengthening, following the very cold period of Younger Dryas ...
... variability and how this has shaped the human society and culture over Asia. The authors employ records derived from ice cores, spelothems, lakes and peat bogs to assess monsoon strengths since about 8000 y BP to the present. The monsoon strengthening, following the very cold period of Younger Dryas ...
Terrestrial Ecosystem Adaptation
... The most direct and observable connection between climate and terrestrial ecosystems is in certain life‐cycle timing of seasonal phenology and in plant growth responses—annually in primary productivity and decadal over changes in the biogeographical range. These impacts on seasonality and primary ...
... The most direct and observable connection between climate and terrestrial ecosystems is in certain life‐cycle timing of seasonal phenology and in plant growth responses—annually in primary productivity and decadal over changes in the biogeographical range. These impacts on seasonality and primary ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.