Climate Sensitivity, Sea Level, and Atmospheric
... amplify total Earth system sensitivity. Ice sheet response time is poorly defined, but we suggest that hysteresis and slow response in current ice sheet models are exaggerated. We use a global model, simplified to essential processes, to investigate state-dependence of climate sensitivity, finding a ...
... amplify total Earth system sensitivity. Ice sheet response time is poorly defined, but we suggest that hysteresis and slow response in current ice sheet models are exaggerated. We use a global model, simplified to essential processes, to investigate state-dependence of climate sensitivity, finding a ...
Science Communication
... them. Unlike traditional citizenship models, ecological citizenship acknowledges the private sphere of the home is a crucial site of citizenship activity and private acts can have public implications in the sense of ecological footprints. The practices of everyday living become important political s ...
... them. Unlike traditional citizenship models, ecological citizenship acknowledges the private sphere of the home is a crucial site of citizenship activity and private acts can have public implications in the sense of ecological footprints. The practices of everyday living become important political s ...
Today
... observed increases in global temperatures since the mid-20th century are very likely due to human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.1 Under a broad range of non-mitigation scenarios considered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, warming over this century is projected to be substant ...
... observed increases in global temperatures since the mid-20th century are very likely due to human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.1 Under a broad range of non-mitigation scenarios considered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, warming over this century is projected to be substant ...
Climate evolution in the last five centuries
... The main results of a transient climate simulation of the last 500 years with a coupled atmosphere-ocean model driven by estimated solar variability, volcanic activity and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are presented and compared with several empirical climate reconstructions. Along ...
... The main results of a transient climate simulation of the last 500 years with a coupled atmosphere-ocean model driven by estimated solar variability, volcanic activity and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are presented and compared with several empirical climate reconstructions. Along ...
Assessments of moisture fluxes east of the Andes in South America
... Since 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been assessing the climate change under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and analyzing also the scientific basis of the climate change, its impact, vulnerability and mitigation. The IPCC considers the scientific basi ...
... Since 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been assessing the climate change under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and analyzing also the scientific basis of the climate change, its impact, vulnerability and mitigation. The IPCC considers the scientific basi ...
LONG-TERM CLIMATE POLICY TARGETSAND IMPLICATIONS
... Countries, worldwide, have agreed that international efforts should be aimed at keeping the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In 2011, they agreed to the so-called Durban Platform for Enhanced Action in designing post-2020 international climate policy. T ...
... Countries, worldwide, have agreed that international efforts should be aimed at keeping the global mean temperature increase below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. In 2011, they agreed to the so-called Durban Platform for Enhanced Action in designing post-2020 international climate policy. T ...
Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate
... carbon dioxide has increased by about 30% since 1860 (Figure 1). The induced positive radiative forcing tends to warm the surface. Indeed, the global temperature has risen up by 0.6C over the same period. This increase of temperature is modulated by other greenhouse gases and aerosols changes, but ...
... carbon dioxide has increased by about 30% since 1860 (Figure 1). The induced positive radiative forcing tends to warm the surface. Indeed, the global temperature has risen up by 0.6C over the same period. This increase of temperature is modulated by other greenhouse gases and aerosols changes, but ...
Earth Negotiations Bulletin ADP 2-6
... Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/ http://enb.iisd.mobi/ Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). The opinions expressed in the Bulletin are those of the authors ...
... Bulletin into French has been provided by the Government of France, the Wallonia, Québec, and the International Organization of La Francophonie/ http://enb.iisd.mobi/ Institute for Sustainable Development of La Francophonie (IOF/IFDD). The opinions expressed in the Bulletin are those of the authors ...
Two Kinds of Climate Justice: Avoiding Harm and Sharing Burdens
... the importance of (2) clashes with (3) and we are forced to consider whether it can be justified to violate the principles of just conduct. We may face what Michael Walzer terms a ‘supreme emergency’, where we have to choose between acting in such a way that we secure the specified goal (jus ad bell ...
... the importance of (2) clashes with (3) and we are forced to consider whether it can be justified to violate the principles of just conduct. We may face what Michael Walzer terms a ‘supreme emergency’, where we have to choose between acting in such a way that we secure the specified goal (jus ad bell ...
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
... FY2008 through FY2013. The large majority—more than 75%—has funded technology development and deployment, primarily through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the identified funding was included in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5). The President’s r ...
... FY2008 through FY2013. The large majority—more than 75%—has funded technology development and deployment, primarily through the Department of Energy (DOE). More than one-third of the identified funding was included in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5). The President’s r ...
Farmer beliefs and concerns about climate change and attitudes
... taxes, and market-based cap and trade (CAST 2011). Because each of these options requires substantial government intervention to implement, we use a general measure of support for government action to address the anthropogenic causes of climate change. Farmers were provided with the statement, “Gove ...
... taxes, and market-based cap and trade (CAST 2011). Because each of these options requires substantial government intervention to implement, we use a general measure of support for government action to address the anthropogenic causes of climate change. Farmers were provided with the statement, “Gove ...
4.3 Approach to CLIMATE CHANGE Scenario Development
... make sense now. Climate change scenarios are scenarios of plausible changes in climate. They are used to understand what the consequences of climate change can be. Scenarios can also be used to provide inputs for change impacts, vulnerability assessment and identify and evaluate adaptation strategie ...
... make sense now. Climate change scenarios are scenarios of plausible changes in climate. They are used to understand what the consequences of climate change can be. Scenarios can also be used to provide inputs for change impacts, vulnerability assessment and identify and evaluate adaptation strategie ...
Ua `afa le Aso Stormy weather today: traditional ecological
... (Outgoing Long wave Radiation (OLR)), low-level convergence, or related behavior of other climate features such as the trade winds shown in Fig. 2 (Folland et al. 2002). Using the trough, pressure anomalies and the SPCZ relationship, Beucher quantified an index, the SPCZ Position Index (SPI), which ...
... (Outgoing Long wave Radiation (OLR)), low-level convergence, or related behavior of other climate features such as the trade winds shown in Fig. 2 (Folland et al. 2002). Using the trough, pressure anomalies and the SPCZ relationship, Beucher quantified an index, the SPCZ Position Index (SPI), which ...
Paper 10: Climate Change Impacts on Coastal
... University of Southampton, United Kingdom University of Wollongong, Australia ABSTRACT: The physical configuration of coastal ecosystems is determined by a combination of marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric processes that shape the land/ocean interface. As the world’s present coastlines evolved ove ...
... University of Southampton, United Kingdom University of Wollongong, Australia ABSTRACT: The physical configuration of coastal ecosystems is determined by a combination of marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric processes that shape the land/ocean interface. As the world’s present coastlines evolved ove ...
A recurring anarchy? The emergence of climate change as a threat
... influenced Kaplan’s, used information gathered from a variety of cases, many in Africa, to describe a number of possible scenarios in which intrastate and interstate conflict could emerge from the interaction of environmental degradation and human population growth.13 Strizzi and Stranks warned that ...
... influenced Kaplan’s, used information gathered from a variety of cases, many in Africa, to describe a number of possible scenarios in which intrastate and interstate conflict could emerge from the interaction of environmental degradation and human population growth.13 Strizzi and Stranks warned that ...
The science of climate change in Africa: impacts and
... Adaptation thus depends on developing resilience in the face of uncertainty. The application of the concept of resilience is similar in many respects to the approach that has been long used in the face of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis: • It begins with anticipation, surveying an ...
... Adaptation thus depends on developing resilience in the face of uncertainty. The application of the concept of resilience is similar in many respects to the approach that has been long used in the face of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis: • It begins with anticipation, surveying an ...
Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea
... comprehensively from the available scientifically legitimate literature (e.g. peer reviewed literature, conference proceedings, reports of scientific institutes). Influence or funding from groups with a political, economical or ideological agenda will not be allowed; however, questions from such gro ...
... comprehensively from the available scientifically legitimate literature (e.g. peer reviewed literature, conference proceedings, reports of scientific institutes). Influence or funding from groups with a political, economical or ideological agenda will not be allowed; however, questions from such gro ...
Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review
... (between 60°S and 75°N) defined as dry areas has increased from 17% in the 1950s to about 27% in the 2000s (Dai, 2011). There is considerable uncertainty regarding projected changes in extremes to the end of the current century, and confidence in projecting changes in the direction and magnitude of ...
... (between 60°S and 75°N) defined as dry areas has increased from 17% in the 1950s to about 27% in the 2000s (Dai, 2011). There is considerable uncertainty regarding projected changes in extremes to the end of the current century, and confidence in projecting changes in the direction and magnitude of ...
How The Wall Street Journal Opinion Section
... it cited, according to that study’s author. In response, the Journal published a 500-word letter56 from 38 mainstream scientists, less than half the length of the op-ed that started the uproar. Of the 279 op-eds examined, the 40 that reflected mainstream science were mostly authored by CEOs57 of maj ...
... it cited, according to that study’s author. In response, the Journal published a 500-word letter56 from 38 mainstream scientists, less than half the length of the op-ed that started the uproar. Of the 279 op-eds examined, the 40 that reflected mainstream science were mostly authored by CEOs57 of maj ...
Self-Governance and Peer Review in Science-for
... them with violating the fundamental standards of scientific peer review. In this section, we argue that IPCC rules were not violated in the case of Chapter 8. In addition, we argue that in practice the process correctly reflects the essential tenets of peer review. However, we also show that the IP ...
... them with violating the fundamental standards of scientific peer review. In this section, we argue that IPCC rules were not violated in the case of Chapter 8. In addition, we argue that in practice the process correctly reflects the essential tenets of peer review. However, we also show that the IP ...
A Conceptual Tool for Climate Change Risk Assessment
... the exploration of the dependence of climate change risks on key contributing factors. In exploring a range of plausible behaviors for these factors and methods for their synthesis, the authors show that plausible assumptions lead to a wide range in potential societal consequences of climate change. ...
... the exploration of the dependence of climate change risks on key contributing factors. In exploring a range of plausible behaviors for these factors and methods for their synthesis, the authors show that plausible assumptions lead to a wide range in potential societal consequences of climate change. ...
Climate change and water resources
... The latest science suggests that the Earth’s average temperature will rise by even more than 5 or 6°C if emissions continue to grow and positive feedbacks amplify the warming effect of greenhouse gases (e.g. release of carbon dioxide from soils or methane from permafrost). This level of global tempe ...
... The latest science suggests that the Earth’s average temperature will rise by even more than 5 or 6°C if emissions continue to grow and positive feedbacks amplify the warming effect of greenhouse gases (e.g. release of carbon dioxide from soils or methane from permafrost). This level of global tempe ...
Emergent Properties of Scale in Global Environmental Modeling
... into their logical contexts (scales) so that the observer=modeler can see structures arise from them for the first time. The stochastic interaction among low-level elements that gives rise to emergent properties may be part of a larger process of self-organization in hierarchical systems. Self-organ ...
... into their logical contexts (scales) so that the observer=modeler can see structures arise from them for the first time. The stochastic interaction among low-level elements that gives rise to emergent properties may be part of a larger process of self-organization in hierarchical systems. Self-organ ...
Provincial government of Albay, Philippines
... government agencies and departments, scientific organizations, international and local NGOs, private/business sectors to implement climate change adaptation actions all over the province. Albay continues to invest in strengthening its capacity to use modern technology for climate forecasting, early ...
... government agencies and departments, scientific organizations, international and local NGOs, private/business sectors to implement climate change adaptation actions all over the province. Albay continues to invest in strengthening its capacity to use modern technology for climate forecasting, early ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.