Perception and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile
... although informative, it did not address the extent to which different socio-economic and environmental factors affect perceptions of climate change and adaptation in Ethiopia. Deressa et al. (2009) analysed the factors affecting the choice of adaptation methods, but failed to explain explicitly how ...
... although informative, it did not address the extent to which different socio-economic and environmental factors affect perceptions of climate change and adaptation in Ethiopia. Deressa et al. (2009) analysed the factors affecting the choice of adaptation methods, but failed to explain explicitly how ...
3. STRAW MAN 1: A PRELIMINARY VIEW OF THE TROPICAL
... CHAPTER 3, EARLY PALEOGENE GLOBAL COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). CSM version 1 has this capability (Large et al., 2001; Otto-Bliesner and Brady, 2001). Importantly, this version incorporates very small values of vertical diffusion and an implementation of anisotropic ...
... CHAPTER 3, EARLY PALEOGENE GLOBAL COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). CSM version 1 has this capability (Large et al., 2001; Otto-Bliesner and Brady, 2001). Importantly, this version incorporates very small values of vertical diffusion and an implementation of anisotropic ...
Global Climate Change and Biodiversity
... 21st century, with steep troughs of almost –8% precipitation change in the 2050s and a smaller trough (around –5% change) in the 2090s (to include variability which is not given by GCM results, the climatic variability of the 20th century is repeated in the climatic projections). Model runs clearly ...
... 21st century, with steep troughs of almost –8% precipitation change in the 2050s and a smaller trough (around –5% change) in the 2090s (to include variability which is not given by GCM results, the climatic variability of the 20th century is repeated in the climatic projections). Model runs clearly ...
Climate Change and Geohazards in South West England
... of approximately 11 years; other cycles with longer periods have also been postulated to exist. The main known cause of present-day irradiance variability is the presence of sunspots and faculae on the Sun’s disc: respectively, dark regions with locally depleted radiation, and bright regions with lo ...
... of approximately 11 years; other cycles with longer periods have also been postulated to exist. The main known cause of present-day irradiance variability is the presence of sunspots and faculae on the Sun’s disc: respectively, dark regions with locally depleted radiation, and bright regions with lo ...
'Communicating Uncertainties for those Insuring Future Climate Change' Oslo 2008
... for Those Insuring Future Climate Change The evolution of applied climate science from a focus on “Has climate changed?” to “How will climate change in the future?” suggests significant changes in the communication of uncertainty and ignorance, of what is precisely defined versus what is relevant, o ...
... for Those Insuring Future Climate Change The evolution of applied climate science from a focus on “Has climate changed?” to “How will climate change in the future?” suggests significant changes in the communication of uncertainty and ignorance, of what is precisely defined versus what is relevant, o ...
Regional assessment of climate change impacts on maize
... climate scenarios to assess the impact of climate change on grain maize productivity and associated economic risk in Switzerland. In a first application, changes in the precipitation regime alone were shown to affect the distribution of yield considerably, with shifts not only in the mean but also i ...
... climate scenarios to assess the impact of climate change on grain maize productivity and associated economic risk in Switzerland. In a first application, changes in the precipitation regime alone were shown to affect the distribution of yield considerably, with shifts not only in the mean but also i ...
Tackling climate change and promoting sustainable
... reduce carbon emissions and reach zero emissions by around mid-century. In fact, ensuring a fair chance of remaining below 1.5°C also remains technically and economically feasible, though this will require stronger and deeper action. Wealthier countries such as Australia, which have contributed more ...
... reduce carbon emissions and reach zero emissions by around mid-century. In fact, ensuring a fair chance of remaining below 1.5°C also remains technically and economically feasible, though this will require stronger and deeper action. Wealthier countries such as Australia, which have contributed more ...
Selected chapters: Observed climate changes in Croatia Climate
... been observed, mostly expressed during summer (-2.7% in 10 years), then in spring (-2.2% in 10 years) and winter (-1.8% in 10 years). On Dalmatian islands (Hvar) decrease in annual precipitation amounts is a result of decline in winter (-2.9% in 10 years) and spring (-2.0% in 10 years) precipitation ...
... been observed, mostly expressed during summer (-2.7% in 10 years), then in spring (-2.2% in 10 years) and winter (-1.8% in 10 years). On Dalmatian islands (Hvar) decrease in annual precipitation amounts is a result of decline in winter (-2.9% in 10 years) and spring (-2.0% in 10 years) precipitation ...
Building Resilience and Reducing Emissions
... atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other GHGs. The World Bank (2009) shows that a 1% increase in per capita income leads on average to a 1% increase in GHG emissions. Hence, without offsetting measures, broad-based growth initiatives alone can have severe negative impacts on the environment. Meet ...
... atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other GHGs. The World Bank (2009) shows that a 1% increase in per capita income leads on average to a 1% increase in GHG emissions. Hence, without offsetting measures, broad-based growth initiatives alone can have severe negative impacts on the environment. Meet ...
- Wiley Online Library
... than those of precipitation, and regional variation in performance indicated that topographically complex regions are the most difficult for these models (Behnke et al. 2016). CRU data were resampled through bilinear interpolation to NDVI3 g spatial resolution and aggregated to mean annual temperatu ...
... than those of precipitation, and regional variation in performance indicated that topographically complex regions are the most difficult for these models (Behnke et al. 2016). CRU data were resampled through bilinear interpolation to NDVI3 g spatial resolution and aggregated to mean annual temperatu ...
greenhouse - viXra.org
... of the top 50 metres above the thermocline with cooler water at greater depths. However, once its average temperature begin to significantly increase, faster evaporation rates follow, producing warm moist air which causes more cloud cover, which reducing the heating of low-altitude air (just like th ...
... of the top 50 metres above the thermocline with cooler water at greater depths. However, once its average temperature begin to significantly increase, faster evaporation rates follow, producing warm moist air which causes more cloud cover, which reducing the heating of low-altitude air (just like th ...
Enhancing the relevance of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for
... The process could be enhanced by addressing the question of how to bridge the scales between the global and the regional, local, and sectoral interests of the IAV community. The literature provides numerous and diverse examples of approaches for bridging across scales, but such methods can introduce ...
... The process could be enhanced by addressing the question of how to bridge the scales between the global and the regional, local, and sectoral interests of the IAV community. The literature provides numerous and diverse examples of approaches for bridging across scales, but such methods can introduce ...
Robust Land–Ocean Contrasts in Energy and Water Cycle Feedbacks
... (RH) over land decreases with warming because precipitation and the hydrological cycle are governed primarily by transports of moisture from the oceans, where increases in lower-tropospheric temperature and saturated humidity fail to keep pace with those over land. Here, it is argued additionally th ...
... (RH) over land decreases with warming because precipitation and the hydrological cycle are governed primarily by transports of moisture from the oceans, where increases in lower-tropospheric temperature and saturated humidity fail to keep pace with those over land. Here, it is argued additionally th ...
Feedbacks and climate sensitivity
... Formalized framework for the evaluation of interactions in ...
... Formalized framework for the evaluation of interactions in ...
Climate Change Impacts on Australia and the Benefits of Early
... flooding. Global large-scale singularities, such as a slowing or collapse of the ocean’s thermohaline circulation or the collapse of the ice sheets of West Antarctica or Greenland, would also have important long-term implications for Australia’s climate and coastline. Avoiding, or at the very least ...
... flooding. Global large-scale singularities, such as a slowing or collapse of the ocean’s thermohaline circulation or the collapse of the ice sheets of West Antarctica or Greenland, would also have important long-term implications for Australia’s climate and coastline. Avoiding, or at the very least ...
Song of the prophets: a global theology of climate
... and the promotion of sustainable development. It is very evident, in countries like this one, that climate change is not an abstract issue, but a present concern for people in every part of the community. These experiences and testimonies confirm that climate change is real and that its impact is ex ...
... and the promotion of sustainable development. It is very evident, in countries like this one, that climate change is not an abstract issue, but a present concern for people in every part of the community. These experiences and testimonies confirm that climate change is real and that its impact is ex ...
Use of general circulation model output in the creation of climate
... that the effects of greenhouse warming will become dominant over the natural variability of climate, including the effects of volcanic eruptions, E1 Nifio/Southern Oscillations (ENSOs), internal atmospheric and oceanic circulation variations, and possible solar variations, and all agree that surface ...
... that the effects of greenhouse warming will become dominant over the natural variability of climate, including the effects of volcanic eruptions, E1 Nifio/Southern Oscillations (ENSOs), internal atmospheric and oceanic circulation variations, and possible solar variations, and all agree that surface ...
Climate Finance Briefing: Small Island Developing States
... Tuvalu lies below five metres, rendering these nations critically vulnerable to flooding and sea level rise (UN-OHRLLS, 2013). Most SIDS are middle-income countries, but their economies are often small and gross national income varies widely. Nine ...
... Tuvalu lies below five metres, rendering these nations critically vulnerable to flooding and sea level rise (UN-OHRLLS, 2013). Most SIDS are middle-income countries, but their economies are often small and gross national income varies widely. Nine ...
Chapter 9. Establishing Common Ground: Finding Better Ways to
... put in place the policies, incentives, and ready-to-be-deployed technologies required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable do so to the extent needed because they have to answer to their constituencies. Put another way, only if the majority of the global society sees the need to mitig ...
... put in place the policies, incentives, and ready-to-be-deployed technologies required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, they are unable do so to the extent needed because they have to answer to their constituencies. Put another way, only if the majority of the global society sees the need to mitig ...
Maldives Climate Change Policy Framework
... security challenge. Climate change threatens the integrity of Earth’s climate system and ecosystems. Negative effects are already taking place and these will gravely undermine our efforts towards sustainable development and threaten our survival and the sovereignty of our nation and people. While lo ...
... security challenge. Climate change threatens the integrity of Earth’s climate system and ecosystems. Negative effects are already taking place and these will gravely undermine our efforts towards sustainable development and threaten our survival and the sovereignty of our nation and people. While lo ...
Center for Global Environmental Research
... Model SX-6 in 2002. In March 2007, we replaced that system with an NEC Model SX-8R/128M16 in order to provide an increased capacity for speed and storage. We expect our research to benefit directly from this upgrade. The supercomputer system is available for use by researchers from NIES and other re ...
... Model SX-6 in 2002. In March 2007, we replaced that system with an NEC Model SX-8R/128M16 in order to provide an increased capacity for speed and storage. We expect our research to benefit directly from this upgrade. The supercomputer system is available for use by researchers from NIES and other re ...
Climate change impacts on New Zealand
... increases in heavy rainfall which would put pressure on drainage and stormwater systems and increase the risk of flooding in some areas. Erosion could also increase road maintenance costs, but warmer winters would lead to reduced costs for snow and ice clearing. Warmer conditions will substantially ...
... increases in heavy rainfall which would put pressure on drainage and stormwater systems and increase the risk of flooding in some areas. Erosion could also increase road maintenance costs, but warmer winters would lead to reduced costs for snow and ice clearing. Warmer conditions will substantially ...
The ocean`s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and
... troposphere, including the surface, with implications for ocean circulation, the cryosphere and coupled carbon cycle [22]. Observations indicate a poleward shift of the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation over the past few decades, predominantly in late spring and summer. This shift has been ...
... troposphere, including the surface, with implications for ocean circulation, the cryosphere and coupled carbon cycle [22]. Observations indicate a poleward shift of the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation over the past few decades, predominantly in late spring and summer. This shift has been ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.