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In children
In children

... • Weakness, tiredness, weight loss, nausea, intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain, general malaise, muscle cramps, and symptoms suggestive of postural hypotension • Psychiatric symptoms may occur in longstanding cases and include memory impairment, depression, and psychosis. • Patients may be inappr ...
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... visual aura but feelings of nausea. This is followed by a cluster headache in the head or face lasting about 2 hours. • These are more common in younger people and can be triggered by anxiety, fatigue, bright lights, food allergies, and hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. ...
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Disorders of the Nervous System

... -Contracoup injury: brain slams against cranium in one direction and then back in the other direction ...
Development and Plasticity of the Brain
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... 6-OHDA destroys axons that release dopamine on one side of the brain. Later amphetamine stimulates only the intact side of the brain because it cannot cause axons to release dopamine on the damaged side.Apomorphine stimulates the damaged side more strongly because it directly stimulates dopamine rec ...
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Brain Damage & Neuroplasticity

... - concussion (mild brain injury) - moderate to severe brain injury: classification dependent on the degree of post-traumatic amnesia (or anterograde amnesia – deficits in new learning) - Pathophysiology of TBI ~ focal damage (coupe & contra-coupe) ~ diffuse damage (shearing & tearing of axons referr ...
Using POCS Method of Problem
Using POCS Method of Problem

... The term exocytosis (Pinel pages 94-95) refers to the process of releasing a neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter chemicals work a bit like keys in locks. In this case, the “locks” are special receptor sites in the dendrites of the receiving neuron. These sites accept only one kind of chemical. For th ...
Urinary System - VCC Library - Vancouver Community College
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The Brain - Gordon State College
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... •has two waves for every single carotid artery pulsation; make this comparison by gently palpating the carotid pulse on the opposite side of the neck; •falls with inspiration and rises with expiration (except where there is cardiac tamponade); •can be obliterated by pressing firmly but gently with t ...
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... (indication of tight hamstrings) ii. Press down on client’s foot when moving into end ROM, and when giving resistance iii. Allow client to relax before repeating movement iv. Breathe v. Complete: when no further ROM is achieved e. Pressure points i. Apply pressure gradually ii. Hold for 6-10 seconds ...
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Development of the Brain

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... into the fourth ventricle (5) The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle adds more CSF (6) The CSF passes through lateral and medial apertures into the subarachnoid space and central canal of the spinal cord (7) The CSF is reabsorbed into veins through the arachnoid villi ...
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Intracranial pressure



Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The body has various mechanisms by which it keeps the ICP stable, with CSF pressures varying by about 1 mmHg in normal adults through shifts in production and absorption of CSF. CSF pressure has been shown to be influenced by abrupt changes in intrathoracic pressure during coughing (intraabdominal pressure), valsalva maneuver, and communication with the vasculature (venous and arterial systems). ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and, at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. Changes in ICP are attributed to volume changes in one or more of the constituents contained in the cranium. Intracranial hypertension, commonly abbreviated IH, IICP or raised ICP, is elevation of the pressure in the cranium. ICP is normally 7–15 mm Hg; at 20–25 mm Hg, the upper limit of normal, treatment to reduce ICP may be needed.
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