Costing Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Estimates and Approaches
... offsetting adaptive efforts, range from 0.5 to 2 percent of GDP, with higher losses in most developing countries (World Bank, 2006). The impacts of climate change not only affect enormous physical property and livelihood damages, but also affecting economic growth and development, human well being a ...
... offsetting adaptive efforts, range from 0.5 to 2 percent of GDP, with higher losses in most developing countries (World Bank, 2006). The impacts of climate change not only affect enormous physical property and livelihood damages, but also affecting economic growth and development, human well being a ...
Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery
... alternative livelihoods, placing pressures on other sectors or resources. For example, in West Africa, when coastal fisheries resources are scarce, fisherfolk adopt alternative livelihood strategies including hunting for bushmeat [33]. Climate change is thus likely to have multiple impacts across sect ...
... alternative livelihoods, placing pressures on other sectors or resources. For example, in West Africa, when coastal fisheries resources are scarce, fisherfolk adopt alternative livelihood strategies including hunting for bushmeat [33]. Climate change is thus likely to have multiple impacts across sect ...
1. dia - The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern
... Most industrialized European nations as well as China and the U.S. (which have not agreed to any emissions' reductions) have been spewing more carbon dioxide since 1990—up in total some 403 million metric tons of CO2e from 2000 levels. The UNFCCC cautions that emissions may be even worse now, noting ...
... Most industrialized European nations as well as China and the U.S. (which have not agreed to any emissions' reductions) have been spewing more carbon dioxide since 1990—up in total some 403 million metric tons of CO2e from 2000 levels. The UNFCCC cautions that emissions may be even worse now, noting ...
PDF
... function has been expanded to give a bottom-up type of description of the energy sector. Countries are grouped in 12 regions that cover the world and that strategically interact following a game theoretic structure. A climate module and a damage function provide the feedback to the economy from carb ...
... function has been expanded to give a bottom-up type of description of the energy sector. Countries are grouped in 12 regions that cover the world and that strategically interact following a game theoretic structure. A climate module and a damage function provide the feedback to the economy from carb ...
Antarctic Climate Change Report Card 2014
... confidence” in these findings, including the widely dispersed instruments, multi-annual variability, multidecadal variability, and other uncertainties2. Warming in Antarctica is almost certainly anthropogenic, though confidence over this fact is lower than in the rest of the world. The IPCC states t ...
... confidence” in these findings, including the widely dispersed instruments, multi-annual variability, multidecadal variability, and other uncertainties2. Warming in Antarctica is almost certainly anthropogenic, though confidence over this fact is lower than in the rest of the world. The IPCC states t ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... The IWG2010 report noted that, concerning the low end of the ECS distribution, its determination reflected a greater degree of certainty that a low ECS value could be excluded than did the IPCC. From the IWG2010 (p. 14): “Finally, we note the IPCC judgment that the equilibrium climate sensitivity “i ...
... The IWG2010 report noted that, concerning the low end of the ECS distribution, its determination reflected a greater degree of certainty that a low ECS value could be excluded than did the IPCC. From the IWG2010 (p. 14): “Finally, we note the IPCC judgment that the equilibrium climate sensitivity “i ...
Workshop summary
... – Better livestock management through measures such as biogas systems; – Improved agriculture technologies & practices for example wider use of no till and conservation agriculture; and – Reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The group noted that while some mitigation strategi ...
... – Better livestock management through measures such as biogas systems; – Improved agriculture technologies & practices for example wider use of no till and conservation agriculture; and – Reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. The group noted that while some mitigation strategi ...
Water, climate and conflict: security risks on the increase?
... in countries with physical water scarcity and in the next two decades, this number may double for several reasons.6 First of all, population growth means that more people will be living in flood-prone or water-scarce areas. Second, economic development could increase the demand for water. Third, it ...
... in countries with physical water scarcity and in the next two decades, this number may double for several reasons.6 First of all, population growth means that more people will be living in flood-prone or water-scarce areas. Second, economic development could increase the demand for water. Third, it ...
EPA: planned GEOS-Chem / CMAQ interface
... • Why are we interested in linking GEOSCHEM with regional air quality model (CMAQ)? ...
... • Why are we interested in linking GEOSCHEM with regional air quality model (CMAQ)? ...
Offset customers are not being informed as to
... of pollution trading upon environmental, social and economic justice and seeks to challenge the assumption that a liberalised marketplace is the only arena in which environmental problems can be resolved. It also pools the work of others and acts as a meeting point for researchers, campaigners and c ...
... of pollution trading upon environmental, social and economic justice and seeks to challenge the assumption that a liberalised marketplace is the only arena in which environmental problems can be resolved. It also pools the work of others and acts as a meeting point for researchers, campaigners and c ...
NH_4e_CRS_Ch12
... Why do scientists believe human activities are contributing to global warming? a) There is no evidence that human activities are contributing to global warming b) The recent warming greatly exceeds the natural variability c) The climate system is stable and can only change with anthropogenic forcin ...
... Why do scientists believe human activities are contributing to global warming? a) There is no evidence that human activities are contributing to global warming b) The recent warming greatly exceeds the natural variability c) The climate system is stable and can only change with anthropogenic forcin ...
February 9 NGO Presentations - Task Force on Climate
... impacts on a broad range of critical issues, enabling transparency about the risks and opportunities they face • Increased transparency leads to better decision making,which helps build and maintain trust in business and governments ...
... impacts on a broad range of critical issues, enabling transparency about the risks and opportunities they face • Increased transparency leads to better decision making,which helps build and maintain trust in business and governments ...
gwnord_chap1_072810 - Yale Economics
... Why are carbon dioxide emissions rising? Our journey begins, and will also end, with the daily activities of humans around the world. Because I am an American living in an urban environment, I will use that as an example, but it could equally well involve an Iowa farmer, a German automotive worker, ...
... Why are carbon dioxide emissions rising? Our journey begins, and will also end, with the daily activities of humans around the world. Because I am an American living in an urban environment, I will use that as an example, but it could equally well involve an Iowa farmer, a German automotive worker, ...
Nitrogen and phosphorous limitations significantly reduce future
... IAM estimates except for the high-end RCP8.5 scenario over the last three decades, while the allowable emissions under N or NP limitation as estimated by our ESM are smaller than those from the IAMs. For the historical period (1850–2005), an independent estimate of CO2 emission is 470 ± 80 Pg C (Tab ...
... IAM estimates except for the high-end RCP8.5 scenario over the last three decades, while the allowable emissions under N or NP limitation as estimated by our ESM are smaller than those from the IAMs. For the historical period (1850–2005), an independent estimate of CO2 emission is 470 ± 80 Pg C (Tab ...
Submission by Japan to the UN Framework Convention on Climate
... changes in climate have caused impacts on natural ecosystems and human societies on all continents and across the oceans. As a national adaptation planning process, the Central Environment Council conducted climate change impact assessments in March 2015, and based on the results, the Inter-Ministry ...
... changes in climate have caused impacts on natural ecosystems and human societies on all continents and across the oceans. As a national adaptation planning process, the Central Environment Council conducted climate change impact assessments in March 2015, and based on the results, the Inter-Ministry ...
The Economics of "When" Flexibility in the Design of Greenhouse Gas
... for atmospheric stabilization of GHG concentrations. Similarly, by not allowing the use of price-based policy instruments as opposed to more rigid quantity controls, the Protocol risks putting too much weight at the margin on environmental risks over economic risks. The importance of these possible ...
... for atmospheric stabilization of GHG concentrations. Similarly, by not allowing the use of price-based policy instruments as opposed to more rigid quantity controls, the Protocol risks putting too much weight at the margin on environmental risks over economic risks. The importance of these possible ...
1. a) Climate Variability-Bd-Frog Extinctions b) Hydric restriction, Te
... • If there is a true relationship between climate and Bd-related extinctions, fluctuations around temporal trends in temperature and extinctions should also positively correlate • There would many fewer non-causal explanations for this correlation than the multidecadal relationship between declines ...
... • If there is a true relationship between climate and Bd-related extinctions, fluctuations around temporal trends in temperature and extinctions should also positively correlate • There would many fewer non-causal explanations for this correlation than the multidecadal relationship between declines ...
Climate Change Risk Management - American Meteorological Society
... Even in the absence of deep uncertainty over climate change’s consequences—illustrated by the divergence in views among subject matter experts—climate change represents a difficult risk management challenge. Policy responses necessarily integrate both objective information about the climate system a ...
... Even in the absence of deep uncertainty over climate change’s consequences—illustrated by the divergence in views among subject matter experts—climate change represents a difficult risk management challenge. Policy responses necessarily integrate both objective information about the climate system a ...
A Tale of Two Carbon Sinks - Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law
... this objective by providing that developed countries will contribute 30 million dollars in adaptation funding between 2010-2012 to the "most vulnerable developing countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing states and Africa.",32 Despite these positive steps forward, th ...
... this objective by providing that developed countries will contribute 30 million dollars in adaptation funding between 2010-2012 to the "most vulnerable developing countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing states and Africa.",32 Despite these positive steps forward, th ...
Greenhouse Gas Pledges by Parties to the Climate Change Jane A. Leggett
... Parties’ INDCs are proffered in the context of negotiations over how actions in 2020 and beyond may contribute to achieving the objective of the UNFCCC, to stabilize GHG concentrations. These are premised on the relationships between GHG emissions, their atmospheric concentrations, and ultimately, g ...
... Parties’ INDCs are proffered in the context of negotiations over how actions in 2020 and beyond may contribute to achieving the objective of the UNFCCC, to stabilize GHG concentrations. These are premised on the relationships between GHG emissions, their atmospheric concentrations, and ultimately, g ...
Implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism in
... The State Steering Climate Change Committee of B&H; GEF Political and Operational Focal Point; B&H Administrative Committee on Environment and Sustainable development, together with and its SubCommittee for climate change; Institute for Urbanism of the Republic of Srpska, acting as a Coordin ...
... The State Steering Climate Change Committee of B&H; GEF Political and Operational Focal Point; B&H Administrative Committee on Environment and Sustainable development, together with and its SubCommittee for climate change; Institute for Urbanism of the Republic of Srpska, acting as a Coordin ...
The Economics of Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study on
... (GHG) emissions reductions targets. Information on climate change impacts has informed government level discussions on mitigation and has quite likely contributed to the adoption of a range of mitigation measures. For example, European Union (EU) countries such as The Netherlands, and U.S. states ...
... (GHG) emissions reductions targets. Information on climate change impacts has informed government level discussions on mitigation and has quite likely contributed to the adoption of a range of mitigation measures. For example, European Union (EU) countries such as The Netherlands, and U.S. states ...
Mountain Waters in a Changing World
... connection with changes in the atmospheric circulation pattern. ...
... connection with changes in the atmospheric circulation pattern. ...
Evaluating Climate Visualization
... variety of media over the last years. There is thus an evident need for communicating scientific data to all ages, social, cultural and professional groups. The most recent conflicts of trust towards data referred to in the reports of the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) [9] has further ...
... variety of media over the last years. There is thus an evident need for communicating scientific data to all ages, social, cultural and professional groups. The most recent conflicts of trust towards data referred to in the reports of the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) [9] has further ...
changing patterns of rain or power? how an idea of
... In 2001 adaptation became officially recognized as a key principle of the international climate change policy at the United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since its inception it has become one of the essential pillars for intervention in the Global South in the fight against c ...
... In 2001 adaptation became officially recognized as a key principle of the international climate change policy at the United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since its inception it has become one of the essential pillars for intervention in the Global South in the fight against c ...