Annual Average Temperature Rise: Global Average
... Celsius) since 1750, 1 most it occurring since 1975. However, global average temperature rise is not the same as average temperature rise over land, which is where most humans spend most of their time. According to the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), since 1880 the average ...
... Celsius) since 1750, 1 most it occurring since 1975. However, global average temperature rise is not the same as average temperature rise over land, which is where most humans spend most of their time. According to the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), since 1880 the average ...
Annex III
... Aerosol-radiation interaction An interaction of aerosol directly with radiation produce radiative effects. In this report two levels of radiative forcing (or effect) are distinguished: Radiative forcing (or effect) due to aerosol-radiation interactions (RFari) The radiative forcing (or radiative eff ...
... Aerosol-radiation interaction An interaction of aerosol directly with radiation produce radiative effects. In this report two levels of radiative forcing (or effect) are distinguished: Radiative forcing (or effect) due to aerosol-radiation interactions (RFari) The radiative forcing (or radiative eff ...
Content - STORMBRINGER!
... Observation and modelling studies have indicated that the global land surface has been undergoing significant changes in the past few decades, driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors, such as changes in ecosystem productivity, fire and land use. Land surface changes can potentially influenc ...
... Observation and modelling studies have indicated that the global land surface has been undergoing significant changes in the past few decades, driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors, such as changes in ecosystem productivity, fire and land use. Land surface changes can potentially influenc ...
Global change: state of the science
... same 110-year period (IPCC, 1995). 2.1.4. Historical CO2 concentrations Accurate measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration began in 1958 at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii (Keeling et al., 1976). Fig. 6 shows that the annually averaged concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen from 31 ...
... same 110-year period (IPCC, 1995). 2.1.4. Historical CO2 concentrations Accurate measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration began in 1958 at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii (Keeling et al., 1976). Fig. 6 shows that the annually averaged concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen from 31 ...
Political parties` climate policies in the UK, Italy and Denmark Paper
... We expect that the development of climate policy will depend on how it facilitates or obstructs the pursuit of party goals conceived of as votes, office and cohesion (Sjöblom, 1968; Harmel and Janda, 1994; Strøm and Müller, 1999) and that this will vary according to party characteristics and externa ...
... We expect that the development of climate policy will depend on how it facilitates or obstructs the pursuit of party goals conceived of as votes, office and cohesion (Sjöblom, 1968; Harmel and Janda, 1994; Strøm and Müller, 1999) and that this will vary according to party characteristics and externa ...
Impacts of global warming on hydrological Introduction of multi-model ensembles and
... size. In the period, influences of synoptic-scale disturbances are relatively weak. -Spectral nudging has some impacts on the mean bias of surface variables (2mT and P) in JJA but overall, its magnitude was not large. SST should play a significant role (nudging effect) as a boundary condition. *This ...
... size. In the period, influences of synoptic-scale disturbances are relatively weak. -Spectral nudging has some impacts on the mean bias of surface variables (2mT and P) in JJA but overall, its magnitude was not large. SST should play a significant role (nudging effect) as a boundary condition. *This ...
Last Updated 4/7/2017 Book Chapters Andresen, J., G
... Gramig, B.M., E.M. Sajeev, Andresen, J., E. Takle, S. Patton, D. Niyogi, and L. Biehl. 2015. “Farm-Scale Integrated Assessment to Identify Profit-Maximizing Adaptations to Climate Change in the Corn Belt.” ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium, Chicago, IL. Gramig, B.M., E.M. Sajeev, P. Preckel, and O. ...
... Gramig, B.M., E.M. Sajeev, Andresen, J., E. Takle, S. Patton, D. Niyogi, and L. Biehl. 2015. “Farm-Scale Integrated Assessment to Identify Profit-Maximizing Adaptations to Climate Change in the Corn Belt.” ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium, Chicago, IL. Gramig, B.M., E.M. Sajeev, P. Preckel, and O. ...
Climate change impacts on water quality outcomes
... concentrations for indicative discharge events can be back-calculated from predicted loads. SedNetNZ has three main components (1) an erosion sub-model, (2) a hydrological submodel, and (3) a sediment-routing sub model of which each sub-model has its own model algorithms. SedNetNZ is a relatively st ...
... concentrations for indicative discharge events can be back-calculated from predicted loads. SedNetNZ has three main components (1) an erosion sub-model, (2) a hydrological submodel, and (3) a sediment-routing sub model of which each sub-model has its own model algorithms. SedNetNZ is a relatively st ...
CO2 short - Digging in the Clay
... effects for the efforts of the Joining-in nations are marginal, immeasurable and irrelevant. This is especially so as these minute changes have to be seen in the context of normal daily temperature variations at any a single location of 10⁰C to 20⁰C and which can usually be as much as 40⁰C to 50⁰C o ...
... effects for the efforts of the Joining-in nations are marginal, immeasurable and irrelevant. This is especially so as these minute changes have to be seen in the context of normal daily temperature variations at any a single location of 10⁰C to 20⁰C and which can usually be as much as 40⁰C to 50⁰C o ...
FAQs - A Convention For Persons Displaced By Climate Change
... climate change, that program does not specifically deal with the situation of climate change refugees. Like the refugee regime, the UNFCCC was not designed for, and to date has not adequately dealt with ...
... climate change, that program does not specifically deal with the situation of climate change refugees. Like the refugee regime, the UNFCCC was not designed for, and to date has not adequately dealt with ...
PDF
... admitted - 13 years after his father, who signed and got ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) - that the scientific basis of climate change was sound and that it is time for some action. Besides downplaying scientific assessments during five years on grounds of ...
... admitted - 13 years after his father, who signed and got ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC) - that the scientific basis of climate change was sound and that it is time for some action. Besides downplaying scientific assessments during five years on grounds of ...
IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
... going beyond changes in biophysical systems to possible consequences for society and ecosystems, including their interdependencies (henceforth ‘socio-ecological systems’). Risk is the potential for negative consequences, whereas impacts are the manifestation of that potential97,98. Climate-related r ...
... going beyond changes in biophysical systems to possible consequences for society and ecosystems, including their interdependencies (henceforth ‘socio-ecological systems’). Risk is the potential for negative consequences, whereas impacts are the manifestation of that potential97,98. Climate-related r ...
Lea - Harvard University
... Drilling Program (ODP) hole 806B in the western Pacific, in the center of the warm pool, has a slightly higher 100-kyr amplitude of 1.18C (using the data and age model in Lea et al. 2000; Fig. 1). This site does have clearly reduced amplitude at the other major orbital periods, so the overall impres ...
... Drilling Program (ODP) hole 806B in the western Pacific, in the center of the warm pool, has a slightly higher 100-kyr amplitude of 1.18C (using the data and age model in Lea et al. 2000; Fig. 1). This site does have clearly reduced amplitude at the other major orbital periods, so the overall impres ...
A social contract for low carbon and sustainable development
... Germany, and accompanied the rise of a new science of economics (as promoted by John Stuart Mill, for example), which addressed the transformation from an agrarian to an industrial society. The comprehensive transformation of the economic and social system over the course of the 19th century, theref ...
... Germany, and accompanied the rise of a new science of economics (as promoted by John Stuart Mill, for example), which addressed the transformation from an agrarian to an industrial society. The comprehensive transformation of the economic and social system over the course of the 19th century, theref ...
PDF
... growth, many studies rely on simulation methods. There is a lack of empirical study on how climate changes affect sector-wide productivity. ...
... growth, many studies rely on simulation methods. There is a lack of empirical study on how climate changes affect sector-wide productivity. ...
Regional climate change and its impact on photooxidant
... [10] For the regional simulations two time slices are selected, 1991 – 2000 (denoted as ‘‘present’’) and 2031– 2039 (denoted as ‘‘future’’). The time slice from 2031– 2039 has been chosen since the investigation of a scenario for the near future was intended. On the other hand, it is far enough in t ...
... [10] For the regional simulations two time slices are selected, 1991 – 2000 (denoted as ‘‘present’’) and 2031– 2039 (denoted as ‘‘future’’). The time slice from 2031– 2039 has been chosen since the investigation of a scenario for the near future was intended. On the other hand, it is far enough in t ...
Long-term natural variability and 20th century climate change
... primarily of sea surface temperature (SST) measurements. The desire to optimally utilize these SST observations suggests a two-stage approach to objectively quantify the role of internal variability in the 20th century climate trajectory. The first step requires linking SST anomalies to anomalies in ...
... primarily of sea surface temperature (SST) measurements. The desire to optimally utilize these SST observations suggests a two-stage approach to objectively quantify the role of internal variability in the 20th century climate trajectory. The first step requires linking SST anomalies to anomalies in ...
GMT Description - Eionet Forum
... contribute to biodiversity losses, the projected trends in tropical regions are cause for concern (Phoenix et al., 2006). The rapid development of biofuels has created an entirely new link between human activities and the global nitrogen cycle and is particularly relevant to the tropics as this is ...
... contribute to biodiversity losses, the projected trends in tropical regions are cause for concern (Phoenix et al., 2006). The rapid development of biofuels has created an entirely new link between human activities and the global nitrogen cycle and is particularly relevant to the tropics as this is ...
Pulling Answers Out of the Air
... residence time in the atmosphere of between half a century and two centuries, so emissions accumulate. Thus, for CO2 —unlike for most air pollutants—it is essential to talk about lowering concentrations as well as lowering emissions [see Fig. 3]. With that as prologue, here’s the engineering challen ...
... residence time in the atmosphere of between half a century and two centuries, so emissions accumulate. Thus, for CO2 —unlike for most air pollutants—it is essential to talk about lowering concentrations as well as lowering emissions [see Fig. 3]. With that as prologue, here’s the engineering challen ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES William D. Nordhaus
... policy – indeed in all investment decisions – which involves the relative weight of future and present payoffs. At first blush, this area would appear a technicality that should properly be left to abstruse treatises and graduate courses in economics. Unfortunately, it cannot be buried in a footnote ...
... policy – indeed in all investment decisions – which involves the relative weight of future and present payoffs. At first blush, this area would appear a technicality that should properly be left to abstruse treatises and graduate courses in economics. Unfortunately, it cannot be buried in a footnote ...
Climate change impacts in the Atlantic Basin and
... climate change adaptation cooperation in the Atlantic Basin and observe how actors have actually responded to the challenge of climate change in the Atlantic Basin. Secondly, we assess to what degree governance structures of climate change adaptation have actually been implemented, looking at bilate ...
... climate change adaptation cooperation in the Atlantic Basin and observe how actors have actually responded to the challenge of climate change in the Atlantic Basin. Secondly, we assess to what degree governance structures of climate change adaptation have actually been implemented, looking at bilate ...
Climate Change and Plant Community Composition in National
... Although management decisions are often made at the park scale, climate change and its impact on ecosystems is occurring at regional and global scales (Breshears et al. 2005). The diversity of landforms across regions makes it difficult to use individual park data to assess the broad-scale effects o ...
... Although management decisions are often made at the park scale, climate change and its impact on ecosystems is occurring at regional and global scales (Breshears et al. 2005). The diversity of landforms across regions makes it difficult to use individual park data to assess the broad-scale effects o ...
Transcript from COP-22 Ocean Panel moderated by Fred Krueger
... Now given the importance of oceans to the climate system, and for taxonomic, for biodiversity, for producing oxygen, for holding heat, it was not even 10 years ago that the standard model for measuring climate change failed to include the oceans. To me that’s amazing. While I may say that the ocean ...
... Now given the importance of oceans to the climate system, and for taxonomic, for biodiversity, for producing oxygen, for holding heat, it was not even 10 years ago that the standard model for measuring climate change failed to include the oceans. To me that’s amazing. While I may say that the ocean ...
Farming in a Changing Climate
... We are grateful to many individuals and institutions whose contributions have resulted in the publication of this book. Thank you to the chapter authors, who took the time and had the patience to work through the details of preparing their work for publication. We appreciate comments and suggestions ...
... We are grateful to many individuals and institutions whose contributions have resulted in the publication of this book. Thank you to the chapter authors, who took the time and had the patience to work through the details of preparing their work for publication. We appreciate comments and suggestions ...
Climatic Change --Manuscript Draft--
... wildfire-specific PM2.5 levels were estimated as weighted averages from gridded exposure estimates using as weights the area of each grid cell within a county. Daily county-level estimates of all-source PM2.5 were calculated using the same method. To characterize prolonged air pollution episodes fro ...
... wildfire-specific PM2.5 levels were estimated as weighted averages from gridded exposure estimates using as weights the area of each grid cell within a county. Daily county-level estimates of all-source PM2.5 were calculated using the same method. To characterize prolonged air pollution episodes fro ...