Climate-change-worksheet
... 30% of the sunlight that reaches the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space. Roughly twothirds of this reflectivity is due to clouds and small particles in the atmosphere known as ‘aerosols’. Light-colored areas of Earth’s surface – mainly snow, ice and deserts – reflect the remaining one- ...
... 30% of the sunlight that reaches the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space. Roughly twothirds of this reflectivity is due to clouds and small particles in the atmosphere known as ‘aerosols’. Light-colored areas of Earth’s surface – mainly snow, ice and deserts – reflect the remaining one- ...
Fate of Mountain Glaciers in the Anthropocene
... Rapid Mitigation Is Required If Warming and Associated Impacts Are to Be Limited Understanding the causes of climate change, as well as its current and projected impacts, presents society the opportunity to avoid unmanageable impacts through mitigation and to manage unavoidable impacts through adap ...
... Rapid Mitigation Is Required If Warming and Associated Impacts Are to Be Limited Understanding the causes of climate change, as well as its current and projected impacts, presents society the opportunity to avoid unmanageable impacts through mitigation and to manage unavoidable impacts through adap ...
AOSS_480_L09_Model_Predictions_20080131
... several types of measurements are consistent in temporal behavior. ...
... several types of measurements are consistent in temporal behavior. ...
II. Current Stresses and Future Climate Impacts on Key Economic
... • It is reasonable to assume that climate change could halve or double average harvests of any given species; some fisheries may disappear, other new ones may develop. This could increase or decrease local economies by hundreds of million dollars annually (+ and -). Forestry Tree growth in the borea ...
... • It is reasonable to assume that climate change could halve or double average harvests of any given species; some fisheries may disappear, other new ones may develop. This could increase or decrease local economies by hundreds of million dollars annually (+ and -). Forestry Tree growth in the borea ...
No harm - Legal Response Initiative
... forms part of the international law surrounding climate change, and has some relevance to the relationship between parties to the Convention. However, to date, if and to what extent the concept can be directly applied to the negative impacts of climate change and global warming remains an open quest ...
... forms part of the international law surrounding climate change, and has some relevance to the relationship between parties to the Convention. However, to date, if and to what extent the concept can be directly applied to the negative impacts of climate change and global warming remains an open quest ...
Climate Control and Ozone Depletion
... Most light-colored sulfate particles produced by fossil fuel combustion tend to reflect incoming light- also serve as condensation nuclei and form clouds (more cooling) BUT black carbon particulate matter emitted by diesel exhaust, burning forest and cooking fuels warms the atmosphere more than esti ...
... Most light-colored sulfate particles produced by fossil fuel combustion tend to reflect incoming light- also serve as condensation nuclei and form clouds (more cooling) BUT black carbon particulate matter emitted by diesel exhaust, burning forest and cooking fuels warms the atmosphere more than esti ...
Climate - UW Courses Web Server
... Long Term Controls on Atmospheric CO2 • Weathering, volcanism and sedimentation are processes that exchange carbon between the atmosphere and rock reservoir. • These exchange rates are very slow (~0.2 Gtons C/yr) • Thus the atmospheric CO2 response time to changes in rates of weathering, sedimentat ...
... Long Term Controls on Atmospheric CO2 • Weathering, volcanism and sedimentation are processes that exchange carbon between the atmosphere and rock reservoir. • These exchange rates are very slow (~0.2 Gtons C/yr) • Thus the atmospheric CO2 response time to changes in rates of weathering, sedimentat ...
Climate and Carbon Cycle Prediction: C3P
... Climate is Derived From Weather • Climate modeling is really weather modeling ...
... Climate is Derived From Weather • Climate modeling is really weather modeling ...
Energy Balance - Istituto Sant'Anna
... Ocean variability On the scale of decades, climate changes can also result from interaction of the atmosphere and oceans. Many climate fluctuations — including not only the El Niño Southern oscillation (the best known) but also the Pacific decadal oscillation, the North Atlantic oscillation, and th ...
... Ocean variability On the scale of decades, climate changes can also result from interaction of the atmosphere and oceans. Many climate fluctuations — including not only the El Niño Southern oscillation (the best known) but also the Pacific decadal oscillation, the North Atlantic oscillation, and th ...
The Greenhouse Effect and the Ecological
... It has become increasingly obvious that humankind has the potential to change the course of the global climate system. In fact, most scientists would probably now agree that sufficient evidence has been gathered to prove that global climate has already been modified by anthropogenic means. There is ...
... It has become increasingly obvious that humankind has the potential to change the course of the global climate system. In fact, most scientists would probably now agree that sufficient evidence has been gathered to prove that global climate has already been modified by anthropogenic means. There is ...
National interests
... •Population growth more people living in higher risk areas such as coastal areas ...
... •Population growth more people living in higher risk areas such as coastal areas ...
current conditions
... pessimistic scenario between 2010 and 2050, with another 50 percent above that for the baseline scenario. In the optimistic scenario, per capita GDP in 2050 is almost 10 times more than that of 2010. IMPACT projects rice yield more than tripling in Liberia between 2010 and 2050, averaging the yield ...
... pessimistic scenario between 2010 and 2050, with another 50 percent above that for the baseline scenario. In the optimistic scenario, per capita GDP in 2050 is almost 10 times more than that of 2010. IMPACT projects rice yield more than tripling in Liberia between 2010 and 2050, averaging the yield ...
Ocean iron fertilisation
... climate change, we are reluctant to reduce our energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In light of this, possible solutions that don’t require us changing our behaviour have an irresistible appeal. OIF remains controversial because no one knows what its impacts will be, but we cannot truly ...
... climate change, we are reluctant to reduce our energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In light of this, possible solutions that don’t require us changing our behaviour have an irresistible appeal. OIF remains controversial because no one knows what its impacts will be, but we cannot truly ...
Title: Forest/Environment
... resilience to climate change; economic and social viability coherence with environmental protection ...
... resilience to climate change; economic and social viability coherence with environmental protection ...
How is climate change affecting life on Earth?
... •Snow and ice – although often considered to be the cryosphere, snow and ice are also part of the water cycle. ...
... •Snow and ice – although often considered to be the cryosphere, snow and ice are also part of the water cycle. ...
Diapositiva 1 - University of Ilorin
... change in persons. This calls for a course in African Traditional Religion/ Scripture and Ecology that would teach the sacrality of nature, respect for nature, stewardship, and raise questions on the dominant materialist and consumer culture and emphasize the necessary balance between spiritual and ...
... change in persons. This calls for a course in African Traditional Religion/ Scripture and Ecology that would teach the sacrality of nature, respect for nature, stewardship, and raise questions on the dominant materialist and consumer culture and emphasize the necessary balance between spiritual and ...
PCC 588 - Lecture slides
... “The radiative forcing of the surface-troposphere system due to the perturbation in or the introduction of an agent (say, a change in greenhouse gas concentrations) is the change in net (down minus up) irradiance (solar plus long-wave; in Wm-2) at the tropopause AFTER allowing for stratospheric temp ...
... “The radiative forcing of the surface-troposphere system due to the perturbation in or the introduction of an agent (say, a change in greenhouse gas concentrations) is the change in net (down minus up) irradiance (solar plus long-wave; in Wm-2) at the tropopause AFTER allowing for stratospheric temp ...
Climate Change in the Pacific | Volume 1: Regional Overview
... interannual and decadal variability. Regional projections of ocean acidification are based on coarse resolution climate models, so they do not represent localised changes in carbonate chemistry that result from net calcification and production within reefs, which can feedback to the acidification re ...
... interannual and decadal variability. Regional projections of ocean acidification are based on coarse resolution climate models, so they do not represent localised changes in carbonate chemistry that result from net calcification and production within reefs, which can feedback to the acidification re ...
cap and trade systems limiting carbon emissions
... (H2O), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). What happens is the sun gives off solar energy that is absorbed by the Earth, then radiated back into the atmosphere. These gases then absorb the energy and either reflect it back to the earth or to other greenhouse gases. Although this process is natur ...
... (H2O), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). What happens is the sun gives off solar energy that is absorbed by the Earth, then radiated back into the atmosphere. These gases then absorb the energy and either reflect it back to the earth or to other greenhouse gases. Although this process is natur ...
Building the Resilience of Landlocked Developing Countries to the
... desertification and land degradation. Such major impacts are threatening the ability of the LLDCs to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and overall sustainable development. Unfortunately LLDCs have the least potential to adapt and mitigate to the impacts. The outcome of the Rio+20 Sustainable ...
... desertification and land degradation. Such major impacts are threatening the ability of the LLDCs to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and overall sustainable development. Unfortunately LLDCs have the least potential to adapt and mitigate to the impacts. The outcome of the Rio+20 Sustainable ...
Key Questions about Climate Change
... Timing of perihelion varies in ~26,000 yr. cycle Axial tilt varies from ~22° to 25° over a ~40,000 yr. cycle There is strong scientific consensus that these cycles are associated with the cycling between ice ages and warm interglacial periods over the past few hundred thousand years. These changes a ...
... Timing of perihelion varies in ~26,000 yr. cycle Axial tilt varies from ~22° to 25° over a ~40,000 yr. cycle There is strong scientific consensus that these cycles are associated with the cycling between ice ages and warm interglacial periods over the past few hundred thousand years. These changes a ...
Global Warming: Attribution, who is to blame?
... We can “fingerprint” CO2 concentrations by it’s mass (ratio of various isotopes) and there is no doubt that some of the increase in CO2 is generated by humans (industry) ...
... We can “fingerprint” CO2 concentrations by it’s mass (ratio of various isotopes) and there is no doubt that some of the increase in CO2 is generated by humans (industry) ...
Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Canadian Infrastructure
... Reducing these emissions is recognized as important but is a long term climate change strategy. These are the carbon emissions from constructing the building – mostly due to materials manufacturing. Reducing these emissions is a near term climate change strategy with immediate benefit, yet there are ...
... Reducing these emissions is recognized as important but is a long term climate change strategy. These are the carbon emissions from constructing the building – mostly due to materials manufacturing. Reducing these emissions is a near term climate change strategy with immediate benefit, yet there are ...
climate change lesson plan
... Describe and explain these methods for studying climate change: 1) ice core analysis, 2) computer modelling, 3) tree ring analysis, 4) sediment analysis, and 5) atmospheric analysis. 16.2 C Given a reading that presents an individual’s or organization’s stance on whether human-induced climate change ...
... Describe and explain these methods for studying climate change: 1) ice core analysis, 2) computer modelling, 3) tree ring analysis, 4) sediment analysis, and 5) atmospheric analysis. 16.2 C Given a reading that presents an individual’s or organization’s stance on whether human-induced climate change ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.