Behaviour Change - Appendix A
... climate change and another list of initiatives within the county sponsored by HCC or within which it participates. Copies of both are available upon request. We were also given a long list of contacts. These were made available for stakeholder interviews and a good number were followed up in opening ...
... climate change and another list of initiatives within the county sponsored by HCC or within which it participates. Copies of both are available upon request. We were also given a long list of contacts. These were made available for stakeholder interviews and a good number were followed up in opening ...
Trace Gases and Their Effects
... were researched. We ran the model to find the most feasible amount of carbon dioxide emission reduction. Although the most drastic reduction would be the most beneficial, such a cutback would not be feasible due to cost and technology restrictions. Instead, we combined several plausible mitigation s ...
... were researched. We ran the model to find the most feasible amount of carbon dioxide emission reduction. Although the most drastic reduction would be the most beneficial, such a cutback would not be feasible due to cost and technology restrictions. Instead, we combined several plausible mitigation s ...
Going beyond aid effectiveness to guide the delivery of climate finance
... delivery of climate change actions. They apply as much to national delivery as to international support and capture, with actions and results measured according to: ...
... delivery of climate change actions. They apply as much to national delivery as to international support and capture, with actions and results measured according to: ...
Slide 1
... • The US proposes a new regime which differs in its essence from the one envisaged so far: – replaces Kyoto Protocol – based on bottom-up pledges from countries (developed and developing), as part of low C strategies, to be reviewed at [x-2?] years intervals – puts a centralised mrv at its core: ass ...
... • The US proposes a new regime which differs in its essence from the one envisaged so far: – replaces Kyoto Protocol – based on bottom-up pledges from countries (developed and developing), as part of low C strategies, to be reviewed at [x-2?] years intervals – puts a centralised mrv at its core: ass ...
CCN (~100 nm) Other particles (aerosols)
... Implicit assumption that l is same for all kinds of forcings (absorbing aerosols are known exception) Boundary between “forcing” and “feedback” is fuzzy sometimes In climate models, representation of cloud feedback is largest source of uncertainty In retrospective studies, knowledge of aerosol forci ...
... Implicit assumption that l is same for all kinds of forcings (absorbing aerosols are known exception) Boundary between “forcing” and “feedback” is fuzzy sometimes In climate models, representation of cloud feedback is largest source of uncertainty In retrospective studies, knowledge of aerosol forci ...
Forests and Climate Change
... including refuges for biodiversity, provision of food, medicinal, and forest products, regulation of the hydrologic cycle, protection of soil resources, recreational uses, spiritual needs, and aesthetic values. Additionally, forests influence climate through exchanges of energy, water, carbon dioxid ...
... including refuges for biodiversity, provision of food, medicinal, and forest products, regulation of the hydrologic cycle, protection of soil resources, recreational uses, spiritual needs, and aesthetic values. Additionally, forests influence climate through exchanges of energy, water, carbon dioxid ...
Knock, Knock: Where is the Evidence for Dangerous Human
... representing recovery from the earlier Little Ice Age (Figure 5). Warming, however, did not proceed monotonically. Instead, and as for all extended climate records of adequate resolution, the thermometer data display a multi-decadal rhythmicity with alternating periods of warming and cooling. Within ...
... representing recovery from the earlier Little Ice Age (Figure 5). Warming, however, did not proceed monotonically. Instead, and as for all extended climate records of adequate resolution, the thermometer data display a multi-decadal rhythmicity with alternating periods of warming and cooling. Within ...
Earth System Modeling—An Integrated Assessment Tool for Environmental Studies R. A. P
... involves much more than accurate knowledge of the level of carbon dioxide (or any other subset of climate forcing) in the future and its influence on the atmospheric radiative budget. This perspective has received confirmation even from proponents of the IPCC perspective. Trenberth (1999) stated tha ...
... involves much more than accurate knowledge of the level of carbon dioxide (or any other subset of climate forcing) in the future and its influence on the atmospheric radiative budget. This perspective has received confirmation even from proponents of the IPCC perspective. Trenberth (1999) stated tha ...
Knock, Knock: Where is the Evidence for Dangerous Human
... representing recovery from the earlier Little Ice Age (Figure 5). Warming, however, did not proceed monotonically. Instead, and as for all extended climate records of adequate resolution, the thermometer data display a multi-decadal rhythmicity with alternating periods of warming and cooling. Within ...
... representing recovery from the earlier Little Ice Age (Figure 5). Warming, however, did not proceed monotonically. Instead, and as for all extended climate records of adequate resolution, the thermometer data display a multi-decadal rhythmicity with alternating periods of warming and cooling. Within ...
Climate change and thresholds of biome shifts in - mtc
... [3] Some studies [e.g., Cox et al., 2004; Scholze et al., 2006; Cook and Vizy, 2008; Salazar et al., 2007], based on different models and under different emission scenarios, project a total or partial reduction in the tropical Amazon forest by the end of the 21st century. Other studies do not show s ...
... [3] Some studies [e.g., Cox et al., 2004; Scholze et al., 2006; Cook and Vizy, 2008; Salazar et al., 2007], based on different models and under different emission scenarios, project a total or partial reduction in the tropical Amazon forest by the end of the 21st century. Other studies do not show s ...
Atmosphere and Climate Change Section 1
... • At a solar maximum, the sun emits an increased amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. • UV radiation produces more ozone, which warms the stratosphere. • The increased solar radiation can also warm the lower atmosphere and surface of the Earth a little. ...
... • At a solar maximum, the sun emits an increased amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. • UV radiation produces more ozone, which warms the stratosphere. • The increased solar radiation can also warm the lower atmosphere and surface of the Earth a little. ...
Proceedings Report - Government of New Brunswick
... In adopting a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Atlantic Canada, the Council of Atlantic Environment Ministers recognizes the significance of climate change and the need to support and encourage adaptive measures particularly with respect to coastal areas and inland water impacts in the Atlanti ...
... In adopting a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Atlantic Canada, the Council of Atlantic Environment Ministers recognizes the significance of climate change and the need to support and encourage adaptive measures particularly with respect to coastal areas and inland water impacts in the Atlanti ...
executive summary - Global Environment Facility
... It uses internationally accepted climate change scenarios and examines possible impacts on the coastal zone, forestry, freshwater resources, human settlements, tourism, agriculture, fisheries, and human health. It also identifies data gaps, capacity building needs and implementation requirements for ...
... It uses internationally accepted climate change scenarios and examines possible impacts on the coastal zone, forestry, freshwater resources, human settlements, tourism, agriculture, fisheries, and human health. It also identifies data gaps, capacity building needs and implementation requirements for ...
Key technical challenges for the electric power industry
... 3) Dispatchable Generation (Hydropower and Nuclear Energy): GHG emissions can be reduced by supplementing or replacing fossil fuel energy sources with ones that produce no GHG emissions, such as hydropower. However, most U.S. hydroresources that could be economically developed have already been deve ...
... 3) Dispatchable Generation (Hydropower and Nuclear Energy): GHG emissions can be reduced by supplementing or replacing fossil fuel energy sources with ones that produce no GHG emissions, such as hydropower. However, most U.S. hydroresources that could be economically developed have already been deve ...
the critical decade
... drying trend in the southwest of the state. This has had serious implications for urban water supplies and agriculture. –– Sea levels along the west coast of Australia have been rising at more than double the global average. With significant part of the population living in coastal cities and towns, ...
... drying trend in the southwest of the state. This has had serious implications for urban water supplies and agriculture. –– Sea levels along the west coast of Australia have been rising at more than double the global average. With significant part of the population living in coastal cities and towns, ...
Statement of witness James E. Hansen
... latter inferred from sea level change, (C) calculated global temperature change for a climate sensitivity 3/4°C per W/m2 compared with temperatures obtained from an Antarctic ice core and global ocean sediment cores. Polar surface temperature change is about twice global temperature change as a resu ...
... latter inferred from sea level change, (C) calculated global temperature change for a climate sensitivity 3/4°C per W/m2 compared with temperatures obtained from an Antarctic ice core and global ocean sediment cores. Polar surface temperature change is about twice global temperature change as a resu ...
Carbon Reduction Policies
... on Climate Change • The IPCC is acknowledged by Governments around the world, including the Australian Government, as the leading authority on climate change science ...
... on Climate Change • The IPCC is acknowledged by Governments around the world, including the Australian Government, as the leading authority on climate change science ...
Climate change scenarios in Europe and their potential
... Annual mean temperatures in Europe are likely to increase more than the global mean. Seasonally, the largest warming is likely to be in northern Europe in winter and in the Mediterranean area in summer. Minimum winter temperatures are likely to increase more than the average in northern Europe. Maxi ...
... Annual mean temperatures in Europe are likely to increase more than the global mean. Seasonally, the largest warming is likely to be in northern Europe in winter and in the Mediterranean area in summer. Minimum winter temperatures are likely to increase more than the average in northern Europe. Maxi ...
Potential Causes of Action for Climate Change Impacts Under the
... There may also be direct biological effects from rising levels of carbon dioxide entering the oceans. By the end of this century, projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in an almost threefold increase in surface ocean carbon dioxide concentrations relative to pre-industrial le ...
... There may also be direct biological effects from rising levels of carbon dioxide entering the oceans. By the end of this century, projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in an almost threefold increase in surface ocean carbon dioxide concentrations relative to pre-industrial le ...
Conference Report Fossil Fuels and Ethical Investment
... At the same time, there are concerns that restrictions on using fossil fuels can have the effect of reinforcing economic inequality between nations and preventing developing economies from accessing low cost energy. It is important that any ethical policy concerning fossil fuels takes into account i ...
... At the same time, there are concerns that restrictions on using fossil fuels can have the effect of reinforcing economic inequality between nations and preventing developing economies from accessing low cost energy. It is important that any ethical policy concerning fossil fuels takes into account i ...
Ocean acidification: causes, impacts and solutions
... by Universite Paris 6 - Pierre et Marie Curie SINGLE SITE on 06/09/13. For personal ...
... by Universite Paris 6 - Pierre et Marie Curie SINGLE SITE on 06/09/13. For personal ...
2007 update - Global Carbon Project
... system. Its rate of change reflects the balance between human-driven carbon emissions and the dynamics of a number of terrestrial and ocean processes that remove or emit CO2. It is the long term evolution of this balance that will determine to large extent the speed and magnitude of climate change a ...
... system. Its rate of change reflects the balance between human-driven carbon emissions and the dynamics of a number of terrestrial and ocean processes that remove or emit CO2. It is the long term evolution of this balance that will determine to large extent the speed and magnitude of climate change a ...
PDF
... of effects produced by actions taken at less than global levels? 3. Are only global benefits generated from local efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, or are there potential benefits at multiple scales? 4. Are actions being taken at less than global scale to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, o ...
... of effects produced by actions taken at less than global levels? 3. Are only global benefits generated from local efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, or are there potential benefits at multiple scales? 4. Are actions being taken at less than global scale to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, o ...
Comment on ``Carbon farming dry coastal areas``
... mixing ratio, lower panel: corresponding total anthropogenic emissions. Red lines: RCP 8.5 reference scenario (Riahi et al., 2007); green lines: effect of adding an additional sink of 4.3 PgC yr−1 in the year 2010; blue lines: a scenario with an assumed stabilisation at an atmospheric CO2 level of 3 ...
... mixing ratio, lower panel: corresponding total anthropogenic emissions. Red lines: RCP 8.5 reference scenario (Riahi et al., 2007); green lines: effect of adding an additional sink of 4.3 PgC yr−1 in the year 2010; blue lines: a scenario with an assumed stabilisation at an atmospheric CO2 level of 3 ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.