Understanding Ocean Acidification
... factor affecting the chemistry and other aspects of water quality that compound the impact of acidification in coastal waters. More run-off from land causes lower salinity (saltiness) around reef systems and increased amounts of particles, both of which can kill corals, with dire consequences for th ...
... factor affecting the chemistry and other aspects of water quality that compound the impact of acidification in coastal waters. More run-off from land causes lower salinity (saltiness) around reef systems and increased amounts of particles, both of which can kill corals, with dire consequences for th ...
Tall tales and Fat tails: The science and economics of extreme
... conditioned on a different set of assumptions (only some of which are usually made explicit) and founded on different underlying observational and/or model data. It is important to note, however, that S is being used as a proxy for λ which represents the feedbacks relevant at some point in time and ...
... conditioned on a different set of assumptions (only some of which are usually made explicit) and founded on different underlying observational and/or model data. It is important to note, however, that S is being used as a proxy for λ which represents the feedbacks relevant at some point in time and ...
State of The Climate 2016
... Satellite measurements started in the late 1970s and provide information about sea-ice, oceans and land. Projections used in this report are from www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au and are generated by global climate models using different greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions scenarios. These proje ...
... Satellite measurements started in the late 1970s and provide information about sea-ice, oceans and land. Projections used in this report are from www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au and are generated by global climate models using different greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions scenarios. These proje ...
prediction of changes in vegetation distribution under climate
... from Terra/MODIS data to generate a model of current climate conditions suitable to beech-dominated deciduous forests, which are the typical vegetation of Japan’s cool temperate zone. This model will then be coordinated with future climate change scenarios to predict the future distribution of beech ...
... from Terra/MODIS data to generate a model of current climate conditions suitable to beech-dominated deciduous forests, which are the typical vegetation of Japan’s cool temperate zone. This model will then be coordinated with future climate change scenarios to predict the future distribution of beech ...
Slide 1
... Geopolitical Issues: Climate change changes contexts, interests, threats and relationships • Mitigation policy: balance of interests between OECD and China/India – from competition to cooperation; intellectual property rights; trade and investment policy. • Energy security: move from producer to co ...
... Geopolitical Issues: Climate change changes contexts, interests, threats and relationships • Mitigation policy: balance of interests between OECD and China/India – from competition to cooperation; intellectual property rights; trade and investment policy. • Energy security: move from producer to co ...
Chapter One - Brookings Institution
... toward solutions that are difficult to implement from a technical, legal, or economic perspective (“Why not build more dams to control storm runoff rather than wasting it?” “Why can’t we do more with desalination?”). Some solutions that seem obvious to water management professionals are likewise non ...
... toward solutions that are difficult to implement from a technical, legal, or economic perspective (“Why not build more dams to control storm runoff rather than wasting it?” “Why can’t we do more with desalination?”). Some solutions that seem obvious to water management professionals are likewise non ...
View/Download - National Gender and Equality Commission
... to promote gender balance at the UNFCCC negotiations platforms as envisaged by decision 23/COP 18. Other remarks were made by Mr. Ibrahim Ceasay of African Youth Initiative on Climate Change (AYICC) who informed the stakeholders that AYICC was celebrating its 10th anniversary. Mme MONICA the Coordi ...
... to promote gender balance at the UNFCCC negotiations platforms as envisaged by decision 23/COP 18. Other remarks were made by Mr. Ibrahim Ceasay of African Youth Initiative on Climate Change (AYICC) who informed the stakeholders that AYICC was celebrating its 10th anniversary. Mme MONICA the Coordi ...
Climate change going beyond dangerous
... between scientists, policy-makers, companies and civil society, 2°C has become established as a ‘guard-rail’ between acceptable and dangerous levels of climate change. While impacts resulting from temperature rises below 2° are not, on average, considered desirable either, it is widely, and often ta ...
... between scientists, policy-makers, companies and civil society, 2°C has become established as a ‘guard-rail’ between acceptable and dangerous levels of climate change. While impacts resulting from temperature rises below 2° are not, on average, considered desirable either, it is widely, and often ta ...
Efficiently Constraining Climate Sensitivity with Ensembles
... most likely tropical SST cooling of 1.8°C corresponds to a climate sensitivity of around 4.5°C, with the scatter of the ensemble around that value adding 0.8°C of uncertainty at the 1 sigma level. This estimate is slightly higher than, but broadly consistent with, most previous research. Our conclus ...
... most likely tropical SST cooling of 1.8°C corresponds to a climate sensitivity of around 4.5°C, with the scatter of the ensemble around that value adding 0.8°C of uncertainty at the 1 sigma level. This estimate is slightly higher than, but broadly consistent with, most previous research. Our conclus ...
Global warming could halt ocean circulation, with harmful result
... input reaches a critical rate, around 100,000 tonnes per second, sinking could stop entirely. The northern branch of the conveyor would stop, and warm tropical waters would no longer flow past the west coast of Europe. With that million-gigawatt heat supply switched off, climate models suggest that ...
... input reaches a critical rate, around 100,000 tonnes per second, sinking could stop entirely. The northern branch of the conveyor would stop, and warm tropical waters would no longer flow past the west coast of Europe. With that million-gigawatt heat supply switched off, climate models suggest that ...
Nitrous Oxide Nitrous oxide (chemical formula N2O), is a trace gas
... important anthropogenic greenhouse gas; it is one of the gases targeted for control within the Kyoto Protocol. Nitrous oxide also absorbs solar radiation, which can split the molecule, releasing reactive species that contribute towards stratospheric ozone depletion. Various natural and anthropogenic ...
... important anthropogenic greenhouse gas; it is one of the gases targeted for control within the Kyoto Protocol. Nitrous oxide also absorbs solar radiation, which can split the molecule, releasing reactive species that contribute towards stratospheric ozone depletion. Various natural and anthropogenic ...
Climate prediction: a limit to adaptation?
... adaptation strategies, uncertainties from the various levels of the assessment accumulate. For example, there are uncertainties associated with future emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosol precursors, uncertainties about the response of the climate system to these changes (due to structural, par ...
... adaptation strategies, uncertainties from the various levels of the assessment accumulate. For example, there are uncertainties associated with future emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosol precursors, uncertainties about the response of the climate system to these changes (due to structural, par ...
Document
... of destruction, sparking a debate whether the nation is prepared to major disasters. “If we do this badly at mobilizing national resources to deal with catastrophic events that we can actual ly model, and we actually had four or five days warning; Good Lord, how could we respond to a nuclear attack ...
... of destruction, sparking a debate whether the nation is prepared to major disasters. “If we do this badly at mobilizing national resources to deal with catastrophic events that we can actual ly model, and we actually had four or five days warning; Good Lord, how could we respond to a nuclear attack ...
UN CLimate Change Conference, Bali Indonesia - VUFO
... Key points of the Kyoto Protocol • Only ‘annex 1’ (developed) parties have commitments to reduce GHG emissions • ‘Commitment period’ from 2008-12 • ‘Non-annex 1’ countries participate through the CDM • Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) produced by CDM projects can be sold and exchanged • Additio ...
... Key points of the Kyoto Protocol • Only ‘annex 1’ (developed) parties have commitments to reduce GHG emissions • ‘Commitment period’ from 2008-12 • ‘Non-annex 1’ countries participate through the CDM • Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) produced by CDM projects can be sold and exchanged • Additio ...
PDF
... climate change (Russill 2008; 2011). While tipping points are often expressed in comic apocalyptical terms by scientists (i.e. there are important thresholds that can be avoided if use changes our behaviour), Antilla (2008) shows that the treatment of tipping points by the media in both the UK and t ...
... climate change (Russill 2008; 2011). While tipping points are often expressed in comic apocalyptical terms by scientists (i.e. there are important thresholds that can be avoided if use changes our behaviour), Antilla (2008) shows that the treatment of tipping points by the media in both the UK and t ...
RELEVANT, IMMEDIATE, LOCAL: GUIDE TO
... - There is not a problem (there is nothing to be solved) - If there is a problem there is nothing we can do about it because a) climate change is natural; b) Australia is too small; c) other countries pollute more than Australia; d) it would destroy the economy; d) renewable energy can’t power the ...
... - There is not a problem (there is nothing to be solved) - If there is a problem there is nothing we can do about it because a) climate change is natural; b) Australia is too small; c) other countries pollute more than Australia; d) it would destroy the economy; d) renewable energy can’t power the ...
Injection of CO 2
... However, it is vital for organizations such as SPARC to facilitate research that clarifies the benefits, dis-benefits, unintended consequences, feasibility, and other issues. Now that I have attended some workshops on this issue and taken part in many discussions as a part of writing the US National ...
... However, it is vital for organizations such as SPARC to facilitate research that clarifies the benefits, dis-benefits, unintended consequences, feasibility, and other issues. Now that I have attended some workshops on this issue and taken part in many discussions as a part of writing the US National ...
CARE brief on the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction
... roles in disaster risk reduction, and needs in response. Therefore, meaningful inclusion and involvement of women is identified as critical to effectively managing disaster risk. For humanitarian assistance (including preparedness, response, rehabilitation and recovery) to meet the needs of all vuln ...
... roles in disaster risk reduction, and needs in response. Therefore, meaningful inclusion and involvement of women is identified as critical to effectively managing disaster risk. For humanitarian assistance (including preparedness, response, rehabilitation and recovery) to meet the needs of all vuln ...
Moresby Declaration for an effective global climate agreement
... consequences will be experienced differently by everyone, based on their existing circumstances. Strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation should take account of the gendered dimensions of climate change impacts, and assist to advance gender equality in their implementation. Furthermor ...
... consequences will be experienced differently by everyone, based on their existing circumstances. Strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation should take account of the gendered dimensions of climate change impacts, and assist to advance gender equality in their implementation. Furthermor ...
PDF
... lining up, and that’s why retailers in particular do get behind these schemes.”...UK NGO. Retailers are encouraging carbon footprinting in food value chains. Only a small portion of an food product’s carbon footprint occurs at the retail point of the value chain. Most carbon emissions from food prod ...
... lining up, and that’s why retailers in particular do get behind these schemes.”...UK NGO. Retailers are encouraging carbon footprinting in food value chains. Only a small portion of an food product’s carbon footprint occurs at the retail point of the value chain. Most carbon emissions from food prod ...
The Oceans and Climate Change
... • Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment. • It is necessary to reduce and mitigate the effects of these changes. ...
... • Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment. • It is necessary to reduce and mitigate the effects of these changes. ...
Outcome and Indian stance in COPs 1 - 21
... For the first time, an agreement was reached in which all countries will specify their objectives, and they will submit their CO2 emissions information 9 | www.icwa.in ...
... For the first time, an agreement was reached in which all countries will specify their objectives, and they will submit their CO2 emissions information 9 | www.icwa.in ...
November 2015
... often neglect its human dimension. Climate change has disastrous environmental effects but also adverse social, economic and geopolitical effects. Indeed, climatic phenomena such as sea-level rise, increase in temperature, extreme weather events, including storms, floods, droughts and cyclones, the ...
... often neglect its human dimension. Climate change has disastrous environmental effects but also adverse social, economic and geopolitical effects. Indeed, climatic phenomena such as sea-level rise, increase in temperature, extreme weather events, including storms, floods, droughts and cyclones, the ...
The Costs of Neglect of Climate Change Consequences: The Example of the Forestry Sector
... phase for international cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas concentrations, and which saw a number of carbon-offset forestry projects established in a number of countries by large emitters such as Japan and the USA. Such projects were also supported by additional organizations such as the United ...
... phase for international cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas concentrations, and which saw a number of carbon-offset forestry projects established in a number of countries by large emitters such as Japan and the USA. Such projects were also supported by additional organizations such as the United ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.