Transformational adaptation
... Transformation: “The capacity to transform the stability landscape itself in order to become a different kind of system, to create a fundamentally new system when ecological, economic, or social structures make the existing system untenable”. “Transformation or transformability in social-ecological ...
... Transformation: “The capacity to transform the stability landscape itself in order to become a different kind of system, to create a fundamentally new system when ecological, economic, or social structures make the existing system untenable”. “Transformation or transformability in social-ecological ...
sea level rise in the caribbean - M
... the direct and indirect impacts of climate change (e.g., sea-surface temperature, SLR, coastal erosion, extreme events and the loss of aesthetics), which are projected to accelerate in the coming decades and compound the existing threats to natural systems and society. Dulal et al. conclude that: “I ...
... the direct and indirect impacts of climate change (e.g., sea-surface temperature, SLR, coastal erosion, extreme events and the loss of aesthetics), which are projected to accelerate in the coming decades and compound the existing threats to natural systems and society. Dulal et al. conclude that: “I ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing ...
... This document has been reproduced without formal editing ...
Finland`s Fifth National Communication under the
... Assistance to developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 ...
... Assistance to developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 ...
Africa Agriculture Status Report 2014
... Climate-related government programs, whether aimed at adaptation or mitigation (or both), should be mainstreamed into national budgets in order to transform growing political will into concrete actions that help smallholders to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The developed, as well as developi ...
... Climate-related government programs, whether aimed at adaptation or mitigation (or both), should be mainstreamed into national budgets in order to transform growing political will into concrete actions that help smallholders to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The developed, as well as developi ...
Africa Agriculture Status Report 2014
... Climate-related government programs, whether aimed at adaptation or mitigation (or both), should be mainstreamed into national budgets in order to transform growing political will into concrete actions that help smallholders to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The developed, as well as developi ...
... Climate-related government programs, whether aimed at adaptation or mitigation (or both), should be mainstreamed into national budgets in order to transform growing political will into concrete actions that help smallholders to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The developed, as well as developi ...
Solar Influences on Climate
... suggest a radiative forcing drift over the past 30 years associated with solar irradiance changes of 0.017 W m−2 decade−1 (see section 2). In comparison, the current rate of increase in trace greenhouse gas radiative forcing is about 0.30 W m−2 decade−1 [Hofmann et al., 2008]. [4] We can estimate th ...
... suggest a radiative forcing drift over the past 30 years associated with solar irradiance changes of 0.017 W m−2 decade−1 (see section 2). In comparison, the current rate of increase in trace greenhouse gas radiative forcing is about 0.30 W m−2 decade−1 [Hofmann et al., 2008]. [4] We can estimate th ...
NC 4 - unfccc
... and related organisations, significant progress has been made in implementing a range of policies and measures to place Australia’s greenhouse response efforts at the forefront of global action, in proportion to its size. Projections of Australia’s future emissions profile assess the impact of these ...
... and related organisations, significant progress has been made in implementing a range of policies and measures to place Australia’s greenhouse response efforts at the forefront of global action, in proportion to its size. Projections of Australia’s future emissions profile assess the impact of these ...
Standard front page for projects, subject module projects
... Copenhagen Municipality, located in the capital region of Denmark. Indeed, the city of Copenhagen is an interesting laboratory with a big agglomeration of green industry hosting green think tanks, research centers for sustainable solutions, green companies, the United Nations Environment Programme ( ...
... Copenhagen Municipality, located in the capital region of Denmark. Indeed, the city of Copenhagen is an interesting laboratory with a big agglomeration of green industry hosting green think tanks, research centers for sustainable solutions, green companies, the United Nations Environment Programme ( ...
South Asia - International Institute for Sustainable Development
... biased toward identification of large-scale projects funded by international development assistance organizations, and those projects about which information is available online. As such, small-scale projects that meet the review’s definition of adaptation action, particularly those occurring at the ...
... biased toward identification of large-scale projects funded by international development assistance organizations, and those projects about which information is available online. As such, small-scale projects that meet the review’s definition of adaptation action, particularly those occurring at the ...
Annex A2: Climate Change Scenarios for West Africa
... the most serious anticipated environmental problems facing the region2. Climate change scenarios for the West African region include an anticipated increase in mean surface temperature of up to 0.5º C per decade, increased evapotranspiration, increased rainfall variability and intensity, accelerated ...
... the most serious anticipated environmental problems facing the region2. Climate change scenarios for the West African region include an anticipated increase in mean surface temperature of up to 0.5º C per decade, increased evapotranspiration, increased rainfall variability and intensity, accelerated ...
- Critical Information Collective
... consultation processes”. The GCF has not set any common benchmarks or minimum standards for the composition, mandate, or practices of NDAs, so each country can largely decide for itself what its NDA will do. This means that—though there are recommendations—there are no minimum requirements of NDAs f ...
... consultation processes”. The GCF has not set any common benchmarks or minimum standards for the composition, mandate, or practices of NDAs, so each country can largely decide for itself what its NDA will do. This means that—though there are recommendations—there are no minimum requirements of NDAs f ...
PDF
... capacity – tends to be used as a starting point for most analyses, either in its original form or specifically tailored to fisheries and aquaculture (Figure 1). However, assessments can be divided into two broad categories: those that focus on predicting biophysical risks and hazards created by clim ...
... capacity – tends to be used as a starting point for most analyses, either in its original form or specifically tailored to fisheries and aquaculture (Figure 1). However, assessments can be divided into two broad categories: those that focus on predicting biophysical risks and hazards created by clim ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Committee on Climate Change
... aims to reach a comprehensive and binding international agreement on emission reductions beyond 2020. However, the timing does remind us that countries around the world are taking serious action to tackle climate change, and the UK should be acting alongside them. The UK Government is a strong advoc ...
... aims to reach a comprehensive and binding international agreement on emission reductions beyond 2020. However, the timing does remind us that countries around the world are taking serious action to tackle climate change, and the UK should be acting alongside them. The UK Government is a strong advoc ...
Bill McKibben on NY Attorney General`s Exxon Investigation
... AUD $5.5 billion in assets under management. Oslo, the capital of Norway, announced that it will divest its $9 billion pension fund (€8 billion) from coal, oil and gas companies, becoming the first capital city in the world to ban investments in fossil fuels. Dutch pension fund PFZW announced it w ...
... AUD $5.5 billion in assets under management. Oslo, the capital of Norway, announced that it will divest its $9 billion pension fund (€8 billion) from coal, oil and gas companies, becoming the first capital city in the world to ban investments in fossil fuels. Dutch pension fund PFZW announced it w ...
What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback?
... change occurs during NH spring. Thus we focus on this season in our assessment of the two feedback loops controlling SAF strength. Recently a highly accurate technique was developed to calculate the coefficient ␣p/␣s given standard model output (Qu and Hall 2006). It was used to calculate springti ...
... change occurs during NH spring. Thus we focus on this season in our assessment of the two feedback loops controlling SAF strength. Recently a highly accurate technique was developed to calculate the coefficient ␣p/␣s given standard model output (Qu and Hall 2006). It was used to calculate springti ...
Impacts of climate change on water resources
... The present research study provides a synthesis of scientific evidence on climate change impacts on water resources in Europe. Observed and projected changes at regional level are analysed in detail. Challenges for European societies that result from these changes in water resources are derived, and ...
... The present research study provides a synthesis of scientific evidence on climate change impacts on water resources in Europe. Observed and projected changes at regional level are analysed in detail. Challenges for European societies that result from these changes in water resources are derived, and ...
Agenda for the protection of cross-border displaced persons in the
... generally temporary, and may be based on regular immigration law, exceptional immigration categories, or provisions related to the protection of refugees or similar norms of international human rights law. The Protection Agenda highlights many effective practices in this regard. ...
... generally temporary, and may be based on regular immigration law, exceptional immigration categories, or provisions related to the protection of refugees or similar norms of international human rights law. The Protection Agenda highlights many effective practices in this regard. ...
Torres Strait Regional Adaptation and Resilience Plan
... For many years now, our communities have noticed changes in the seasons and tides that indicate different patterns to our traditional knowledge. Since 2007 we have been undertaking scientific investigations of key climate related changes in our region. We are already seeing changes in sea levels, co ...
... For many years now, our communities have noticed changes in the seasons and tides that indicate different patterns to our traditional knowledge. Since 2007 we have been undertaking scientific investigations of key climate related changes in our region. We are already seeing changes in sea levels, co ...
Economic Modeling of Effects of Climate Change on the Forest
... briefing papers are part of a larger set prepared by agency scientists and cooperators, including a related one regarding forest bioenergy by White.1 Given the large topic of climate change and forests, this report only touches on selected aspects and readers are referred to the growing literature f ...
... briefing papers are part of a larger set prepared by agency scientists and cooperators, including a related one regarding forest bioenergy by White.1 Given the large topic of climate change and forests, this report only touches on selected aspects and readers are referred to the growing literature f ...
measurement, reporting and verification
... In the context of the MRV framework for developing countries, it is critical that a full understanding of the associated concepts, elements, and requirements resulting from intergovernmental negotiations be realized at the national level by experts, practitioners and other stakeholders on the ground ...
... In the context of the MRV framework for developing countries, it is critical that a full understanding of the associated concepts, elements, and requirements resulting from intergovernmental negotiations be realized at the national level by experts, practitioners and other stakeholders on the ground ...
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... a regulatory system that constrains the adaptive flexibility needed to cope with impacts on livelihoods. Socioeconomic and cultural change notwithstanding, the well-being of rural native communities is still dependant on access and ability to harvest wild foods, with moose the example explored in th ...
... a regulatory system that constrains the adaptive flexibility needed to cope with impacts on livelihoods. Socioeconomic and cultural change notwithstanding, the well-being of rural native communities is still dependant on access and ability to harvest wild foods, with moose the example explored in th ...
Assessing an IPCC Assessment: An Analysis of Statements on Projected Regional Impacts in the 2007 Report
... (IPCC). The media reports gave rise to questions about the credibility of the overall IPCC assessment: could politics and society still rely on the IPCC for an assessment of the scientific knowledge on climate change? On 28 January 2010, the Dutch Parliament asked Jacqueline Cramer, the then Dutch M ...
... (IPCC). The media reports gave rise to questions about the credibility of the overall IPCC assessment: could politics and society still rely on the IPCC for an assessment of the scientific knowledge on climate change? On 28 January 2010, the Dutch Parliament asked Jacqueline Cramer, the then Dutch M ...
Fig. 1 - Utrecht University Repository
... cultures (1050–800 BC) until the beginning of Hallstatt D (650 BC) (Maise, 1998). It has also been suggested that anthropogenic factors such as changes in religion, manageability difficulties, wars, deforestations and various ecological crises caused collapses of past European cultures (see Brown, 19 ...
... cultures (1050–800 BC) until the beginning of Hallstatt D (650 BC) (Maise, 1998). It has also been suggested that anthropogenic factors such as changes in religion, manageability difficulties, wars, deforestations and various ecological crises caused collapses of past European cultures (see Brown, 19 ...
State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2007
... Much of the demand driving the voluntary carbon markets comes from the developed and more environmentally aware markets in North America and Europe. Survey respondents reported that 68% of their customers are based in the United States and 3% in Canada. In addition, about half of the suppliers respo ...
... Much of the demand driving the voluntary carbon markets comes from the developed and more environmentally aware markets in North America and Europe. Survey respondents reported that 68% of their customers are based in the United States and 3% in Canada. In addition, about half of the suppliers respo ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.