Resource Depletion and Habitat Segregation by Competitors Under
... We (Gilliam and Fraser 1987) developed an experimental system to test the "minimize u/g" hypothesis. However, in the process of developing a way of manipulating growth rates in alternative sites, we realized that we could further simplify the problem. Rather than measuring mortality and growth rates ...
... We (Gilliam and Fraser 1987) developed an experimental system to test the "minimize u/g" hypothesis. However, in the process of developing a way of manipulating growth rates in alternative sites, we realized that we could further simplify the problem. Rather than measuring mortality and growth rates ...
SCIENCE FOCUS 9 UNIT 1
... 8. Why were cowbirds and coyotes able to survive in the new habitats while songbirds and wolves couldn’t? _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(60) 9. What is a problem associated with using pesticid ...
... 8. Why were cowbirds and coyotes able to survive in the new habitats while songbirds and wolves couldn’t? _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________(60) 9. What is a problem associated with using pesticid ...
Biodiversity: Structure and Function
... prone to local extinction. These losses lead to a simplification of fragmented ecosystems which could result in reduced ecosystem stability and in the loss of ecosystem functions. Today invasive species form a significant component of global change, in particular in anthropogenically modified ecosys ...
... prone to local extinction. These losses lead to a simplification of fragmented ecosystems which could result in reduced ecosystem stability and in the loss of ecosystem functions. Today invasive species form a significant component of global change, in particular in anthropogenically modified ecosys ...
Managing Predator-Prey Systems: Summary Discussion
... trappers, they often are not very effective at achieving predator control (Zager et al. 2007) because predators are not removed from populations where predator control is most needed. However, bounties are viewed negatively by the public, and bounty systems are easily abused, e.g., claiming bounties ...
... trappers, they often are not very effective at achieving predator control (Zager et al. 2007) because predators are not removed from populations where predator control is most needed. However, bounties are viewed negatively by the public, and bounty systems are easily abused, e.g., claiming bounties ...
How parasites divide resources: a test of the niche apportionment
... Over the past decade several studies have used parasite communities in analyses of community structure. In particular many investigators have used presence– absence data to test for patterns of parasite species co-occurrence that depart from various null models (Guégan & Hugueny 1994; Poulin 1996; W ...
... Over the past decade several studies have used parasite communities in analyses of community structure. In particular many investigators have used presence– absence data to test for patterns of parasite species co-occurrence that depart from various null models (Guégan & Hugueny 1994; Poulin 1996; W ...
Gough and Grace 1999
... 3 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0344 USA. E-mail: [email protected] ...
... 3 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0344 USA. E-mail: [email protected] ...
Feral Animals of Tasmania - Department of Primary Industries, Parks
... The priority feral animals are those which are thought to have the greatest impact on native species and ecosystems if they are not managed effectively. The most cost-effective approaches to feral animal management are prevention and early intervention. Animals that are currently not found in Tasman ...
... The priority feral animals are those which are thought to have the greatest impact on native species and ecosystems if they are not managed effectively. The most cost-effective approaches to feral animal management are prevention and early intervention. Animals that are currently not found in Tasman ...
Indigenous knowledge and the management of marine resources in
... mangrove, fishery and coral resources. For example, mangrove cutters would harvest trees and tree products from one area and then proceed to another after exhausting the mature trees and their products in that area. • Another technique was to place a taboo or restriction on entry to a given area of ...
... mangrove, fishery and coral resources. For example, mangrove cutters would harvest trees and tree products from one area and then proceed to another after exhausting the mature trees and their products in that area. • Another technique was to place a taboo or restriction on entry to a given area of ...
the functioning of marine ecosystems
... Species are not evenly distributed spatially and their marine populations, particularly of fishes, fluctuate widely from year to year. Since the pioneering work of Hjort in 1914, it was recognized, and is still highly influential today, that renewable processes in fish population dynamics are highly ...
... Species are not evenly distributed spatially and their marine populations, particularly of fishes, fluctuate widely from year to year. Since the pioneering work of Hjort in 1914, it was recognized, and is still highly influential today, that renewable processes in fish population dynamics are highly ...
Disentangling the effects of water and nutrients for studying the
... The main objective of our study is to experimentally disentangle the respective roles of nutrient and water stress in driving plant interactions, and in particular facilitation in unproductive communities. We chose the coastal sand dunes in the southwest of France (Aquitaine region), and in particul ...
... The main objective of our study is to experimentally disentangle the respective roles of nutrient and water stress in driving plant interactions, and in particular facilitation in unproductive communities. We chose the coastal sand dunes in the southwest of France (Aquitaine region), and in particul ...
Dan Cogălniceanu • Biodiversity
... process of selection that allowed only the survival of the fittest. These ideas have been most often (mis)interpreted as humans being the most evolved species with special rights and power over the rest of the species inhabiting the planet. We must realize that we are just part of a larger, life-supp ...
... process of selection that allowed only the survival of the fittest. These ideas have been most often (mis)interpreted as humans being the most evolved species with special rights and power over the rest of the species inhabiting the planet. We must realize that we are just part of a larger, life-supp ...
Ten Steps to Responsible Inland Fisheries
... Inland fish2 and their fisheries serve important nutritional, economic, cultural, and recreational roles and are key components of sustainable ecosystem function throughout the world. Particularly in developing countries, inland fisheries are a vital source of protein, essential fatty acids, mineral ...
... Inland fish2 and their fisheries serve important nutritional, economic, cultural, and recreational roles and are key components of sustainable ecosystem function throughout the world. Particularly in developing countries, inland fisheries are a vital source of protein, essential fatty acids, mineral ...
Integrated Ecological- Economic Models
... (e) climate change. Habitat change follows from humans transforming 50% of Earth’s icefree land surface to agricultural and urban usage (Chapin et al. 2000), appropriating 54% of the available fresh water (Postel et al. 1996) and 40% of vegetation’s net primary production (Vitousek et al. 1986). The ...
... (e) climate change. Habitat change follows from humans transforming 50% of Earth’s icefree land surface to agricultural and urban usage (Chapin et al. 2000), appropriating 54% of the available fresh water (Postel et al. 1996) and 40% of vegetation’s net primary production (Vitousek et al. 1986). The ...
The long-term relationship between plant diversity and total plant
... in diversity will affect what fraction of the available resource supply is converted into biomass, and how that biomass is partitioned among species. The effects of enrichment on various aspects of community structure, including food chain length (Lindeman 1942, Oksanen et al. 1981), stability (Rose ...
... in diversity will affect what fraction of the available resource supply is converted into biomass, and how that biomass is partitioned among species. The effects of enrichment on various aspects of community structure, including food chain length (Lindeman 1942, Oksanen et al. 1981), stability (Rose ...
Morphology and Niche Partitioning of Fish Assemblage in the Tonle
... TSBR. Specifically, two main hypotheses are tested: whether morphology determines niche ...
... TSBR. Specifically, two main hypotheses are tested: whether morphology determines niche ...
The long-term relationship between plant diversity and total plant
... in diversity will affect what fraction of the available resource supply is converted into biomass, and how that biomass is partitioned among species. The effects of enrichment on various aspects of community structure, including food chain length (Lindeman 1942, Oksanen et al. 1981), stability (Rose ...
... in diversity will affect what fraction of the available resource supply is converted into biomass, and how that biomass is partitioned among species. The effects of enrichment on various aspects of community structure, including food chain length (Lindeman 1942, Oksanen et al. 1981), stability (Rose ...
Sexual reproduction prevails in a world of structured resources in
... the resource is often much larger than the generation time of the consumer. Furthermore, exploited resource individuals and populations may change chemically or anatomically due to induced defence which usually persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource le ...
... the resource is often much larger than the generation time of the consumer. Furthermore, exploited resource individuals and populations may change chemically or anatomically due to induced defence which usually persists over a considerable time span during which the consumer can use this resource le ...
ENV 107
... In any community, species association with each other are not constant; they vary from site and they also change over time. Nevertheless, every additional species in a community adds more species interactions: it may be prey or predator or contribute to chemical cycling: it may be partner in a s ...
... In any community, species association with each other are not constant; they vary from site and they also change over time. Nevertheless, every additional species in a community adds more species interactions: it may be prey or predator or contribute to chemical cycling: it may be partner in a s ...
Project: Big Shark, Big Loss, Big Impact: Sharks are Apex Predators
... Reinforce the rules to prevent the game from getting rough and outline consequences for improper behaviour. The simulation only takes about 45 seconds. Release the herring, followed by the Bluefish, followed by the sharks with 5 seconds between each group’s release. After 45 seconds, have your stude ...
... Reinforce the rules to prevent the game from getting rough and outline consequences for improper behaviour. The simulation only takes about 45 seconds. Release the herring, followed by the Bluefish, followed by the sharks with 5 seconds between each group’s release. After 45 seconds, have your stude ...
“Extinction/Endangered Species”
... zebras was discovered, the Quagga Project was started by Reinhold Rau in South Africa to recreate the quagga by selective breeding from plains zebra stock, with the eventual aim of reintroducing them to the wild. This type of breeding is also called breeding back. In early 2006, it was reported that ...
... zebras was discovered, the Quagga Project was started by Reinhold Rau in South Africa to recreate the quagga by selective breeding from plains zebra stock, with the eventual aim of reintroducing them to the wild. This type of breeding is also called breeding back. In early 2006, it was reported that ...
1 Appendix S2 Can predators control starfish dynamics?
... abundance and reef state are reasonably well understood, however, the link between predation and starfish dynamics is less clear (Birkeland & Lucas 1990). A key issue to examine is whether predatory reef fishes can influence starfish abundance on Fijian reefs and whether starfish exhibit threshold d ...
... abundance and reef state are reasonably well understood, however, the link between predation and starfish dynamics is less clear (Birkeland & Lucas 1990). A key issue to examine is whether predatory reef fishes can influence starfish abundance on Fijian reefs and whether starfish exhibit threshold d ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.