Ecology of a sympatric pair of coregonid fish: Species interactions
... new or underexploited resources (Schluter evo- ...
... new or underexploited resources (Schluter evo- ...
Human Involvement in Food Webs
... to plants, inter alia. Food webs are a synthesis of bottom-up energy and nutrient flow from plant producers to consumers and top-down regulation of producers by consumers. The trophic cascade is the simplest topdown interaction and accounts for a great deal of what is known about food webs. In three- ...
... to plants, inter alia. Food webs are a synthesis of bottom-up energy and nutrient flow from plant producers to consumers and top-down regulation of producers by consumers. The trophic cascade is the simplest topdown interaction and accounts for a great deal of what is known about food webs. In three- ...
Functional Extinctions of Species in Ecological Networks Torbjörn Säterberg
... extinctions and threshold values for species’ mortality rates in ecological networks. More specifically, I have derived threshold values for focal species mortality rates at which another species or the focal species itself goes numerically extinct (Paper I-II), or transgresses some predefined thres ...
... extinctions and threshold values for species’ mortality rates in ecological networks. More specifically, I have derived threshold values for focal species mortality rates at which another species or the focal species itself goes numerically extinct (Paper I-II), or transgresses some predefined thres ...
Chapter 50: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
... 5) Explain why energy is said to flow rather than cycle within ecosystems. 6) Explain what factors may limit production in aquatic ecosystems. 7) Explain why areas of upwelling in the ocean have exceptionally high levels of primary production. 8) Distinguish between each of the following pairs of te ...
... 5) Explain why energy is said to flow rather than cycle within ecosystems. 6) Explain what factors may limit production in aquatic ecosystems. 7) Explain why areas of upwelling in the ocean have exceptionally high levels of primary production. 8) Distinguish between each of the following pairs of te ...
On the bioeconomics of predator and prey fishing
... community and the oceanic environment may also be relevant. Harvest technical interactions, such as when ®shing gear targeting one particular species also gives ...
... community and the oceanic environment may also be relevant. Harvest technical interactions, such as when ®shing gear targeting one particular species also gives ...
The phrase symbiotic relationship simply refers to a close ecological
... negative interactions. If both species benefit from the interaction, the relationship is Figure 1. Coral reef considered to be a mutualism. When one species benefits and the other is not impacted, the relationship is considered to be a commensalism. When one species benefits and the other species is ...
... negative interactions. If both species benefit from the interaction, the relationship is Figure 1. Coral reef considered to be a mutualism. When one species benefits and the other is not impacted, the relationship is considered to be a commensalism. When one species benefits and the other species is ...
The future of fisheries oceanography lies in the pursuit of multiple
... To further develop the applied aspects of fisheries oceanography, the differences between these four general hypotheses need to be recognized and links need to be made among their implied processes and mechanisms (Figure 1, Table 1). For example, over the past 25 years, a large amount of effort has ...
... To further develop the applied aspects of fisheries oceanography, the differences between these four general hypotheses need to be recognized and links need to be made among their implied processes and mechanisms (Figure 1, Table 1). For example, over the past 25 years, a large amount of effort has ...
specimen ID text - Oregon State University
... is a flatfish that's also sometimes called the lemon sole. The English sole is prized for its flavor, and it lives in coastal waters from the Bering Sea to Baja California, at depths ranging from very shallow waters to 550*meters. Like all flatfish, it begins its life swimming with its bodied orient ...
... is a flatfish that's also sometimes called the lemon sole. The English sole is prized for its flavor, and it lives in coastal waters from the Bering Sea to Baja California, at depths ranging from very shallow waters to 550*meters. Like all flatfish, it begins its life swimming with its bodied orient ...
uncorrected page proofs - Oxford University Press
... Carbon is found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). Oxygen is present in carbon dioxide and as the oxygen gas we need to survive (O2). Carbon dioxide moves into the air during a process in cells called respiration, as well as through the decomposition of organic material. The only natural pro ...
... Carbon is found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). Oxygen is present in carbon dioxide and as the oxygen gas we need to survive (O2). Carbon dioxide moves into the air during a process in cells called respiration, as well as through the decomposition of organic material. The only natural pro ...
The Importance of Wetlands
... populations that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological diversity. Important source of food for fishes, spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path on which fish stocks, either within the wetland or elsewhere, depend. ...
... populations that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological diversity. Important source of food for fishes, spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path on which fish stocks, either within the wetland or elsewhere, depend. ...
Plant community responses to long-term fertilization: Changes in
... affect plant species richness (Fig. 1), despite the fact that fertilization significantly increased total ...
... affect plant species richness (Fig. 1), despite the fact that fertilization significantly increased total ...
Dowload SFI Landowner`s Manual - Minnesota Logger Education
... forests and to help ensure the future health and viability of those forests. As one of over 200,000 family forest landowners in Minnesota, you play a significant role in the management responsibility for nearly 40% of the state’s forested land. You own your forestland for many reasons, including: en ...
... forests and to help ensure the future health and viability of those forests. As one of over 200,000 family forest landowners in Minnesota, you play a significant role in the management responsibility for nearly 40% of the state’s forested land. You own your forestland for many reasons, including: en ...
Similarity and difference in vegetation structure of three desert shrub
... summer, autumn) in Gurbantunggut Desert, north-western China. The species composition, abundance, biomass and soil nutrients were investigated. Floristic changes were characterized by similarity and ordination methods. Results: Two communities, E. distachya and S. terrae-albae, were similar in terms ...
... summer, autumn) in Gurbantunggut Desert, north-western China. The species composition, abundance, biomass and soil nutrients were investigated. Floristic changes were characterized by similarity and ordination methods. Results: Two communities, E. distachya and S. terrae-albae, were similar in terms ...
- IUCN Otter Specialist Group
... highest for trout, thus indicating the otter´s preference for this species in fish-ponds. Pike and white fish are taken least of all, it is unclear however if the otter actively avoids them or if these species are just more difficult to catch. Concluding the results of the study, the mutual influenc ...
... highest for trout, thus indicating the otter´s preference for this species in fish-ponds. Pike and white fish are taken least of all, it is unclear however if the otter actively avoids them or if these species are just more difficult to catch. Concluding the results of the study, the mutual influenc ...
A PRELIMINARY ECOREGION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR
... and functioning on local and wider scales. Ecological sensitivity (or fragility) refers to the system’s ability to resist disturbance and its capability to recover from disturbance once it has occurred (resilience) (Resh et al. 1988; Milner 1994). Both abiotic and biotic components of the system are ...
... and functioning on local and wider scales. Ecological sensitivity (or fragility) refers to the system’s ability to resist disturbance and its capability to recover from disturbance once it has occurred (resilience) (Resh et al. 1988; Milner 1994). Both abiotic and biotic components of the system are ...
Large Copper Action Plan
... There is virtually nothing known about the life history of the extinct British populations except that which is inferred from the Dutch populations. The two are similar in that they both have only one generation per year (univoltine) and feed solely on one food plant, the Great Water Dock, Rumex hyd ...
... There is virtually nothing known about the life history of the extinct British populations except that which is inferred from the Dutch populations. The two are similar in that they both have only one generation per year (univoltine) and feed solely on one food plant, the Great Water Dock, Rumex hyd ...
Wildlife Module - Forests Ontario
... animals that have become wild, or feral, are usually not included. The term wildlife is arbitrary depending upon who is using it. Today most government wildlife management agencies in Canada have an interest in reptiles, amphibians and small animals that are not used by humans nor are seen as pests, ...
... animals that have become wild, or feral, are usually not included. The term wildlife is arbitrary depending upon who is using it. Today most government wildlife management agencies in Canada have an interest in reptiles, amphibians and small animals that are not used by humans nor are seen as pests, ...
Than Muck Munchers: Detritivores Impact Primary Producer Food Web
... 2004, Hines et al. 2006), invertebrate detritivores that consume leaf litter have the potential to enhance predator populations by serving as a food resource for spiders, or to diminish predator populations by rapidly consuming leaf litter, the preferred spider habitat (Moore et al. 2004). Therefore ...
... 2004, Hines et al. 2006), invertebrate detritivores that consume leaf litter have the potential to enhance predator populations by serving as a food resource for spiders, or to diminish predator populations by rapidly consuming leaf litter, the preferred spider habitat (Moore et al. 2004). Therefore ...
HOMOGENIZATION OF FRESHWATER FAUNAS Frank J. Rahel
... the species composition of disjunct regions has become more similar. However, the process of homogenization extends across all levels of biological organization. For example, habitat homogenization has resulted in similar habitats across North America such as urban business districts, golf courses, ...
... the species composition of disjunct regions has become more similar. However, the process of homogenization extends across all levels of biological organization. For example, habitat homogenization has resulted in similar habitats across North America such as urban business districts, golf courses, ...
Freshwater pest fish in New South Wales
... (submerged dead wood and trees), vegetation or rocks, but they can sometimes be found in open water. Figure 4 Redfin Perch (Perca fluviatilis) are listed as Class 1 noxious in NSW. Photo: NSW DPI ...
... (submerged dead wood and trees), vegetation or rocks, but they can sometimes be found in open water. Figure 4 Redfin Perch (Perca fluviatilis) are listed as Class 1 noxious in NSW. Photo: NSW DPI ...
The Value of Animal Behavior in Evaluations of Restoration Success
... not explain why individuals in one site have higher reproductive success than individuals in other sites. This missing information may be key to determining components of restoration efforts that are adequate and those that are not. In addition, although some sites undergoing restoration are large e ...
... not explain why individuals in one site have higher reproductive success than individuals in other sites. This missing information may be key to determining components of restoration efforts that are adequate and those that are not. In addition, although some sites undergoing restoration are large e ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.