Time-Dependent Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change
... intended to represent the sub-grid scale processes These currents and mixing coefficients may be obtained from a GCM simulating the present climate and ocean circulation, including the buoyancy field, in a dynamically consistent manner Using appropriate sources, the distributions ol transient and ot ...
... intended to represent the sub-grid scale processes These currents and mixing coefficients may be obtained from a GCM simulating the present climate and ocean circulation, including the buoyancy field, in a dynamically consistent manner Using appropriate sources, the distributions ol transient and ot ...
Australia`s Changing Climate - Climate Change in Australia
... with insufficient data are white (source: IPCC 2013) 4 . ...
... with insufficient data are white (source: IPCC 2013) 4 . ...
Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas
... in bubbles is less than the age of the enclosing ice because air is occluded at some depth below the surface of the ice sheet in the bubble close-off region12–14. This gas-age–ice-age difference is not known a priori for times past, making uncertain the relative timing of temperature and atmospheric ...
... in bubbles is less than the age of the enclosing ice because air is occluded at some depth below the surface of the ice sheet in the bubble close-off region12–14. This gas-age–ice-age difference is not known a priori for times past, making uncertain the relative timing of temperature and atmospheric ...
Chapter 3 The vertical structure of the atmosphere
... very variable. It is here that very short wavelength UV is absorbed by oxygen (cf., Section 2.2) thus heating the region. Molecules (including O2 as well as CO2 , the dominant IR emitter at this altitude) are dissociated (photolyzed) by high-energy UV (λ < 0.1 µm). Therefore, because of the scarcity ...
... very variable. It is here that very short wavelength UV is absorbed by oxygen (cf., Section 2.2) thus heating the region. Molecules (including O2 as well as CO2 , the dominant IR emitter at this altitude) are dissociated (photolyzed) by high-energy UV (λ < 0.1 µm). Therefore, because of the scarcity ...
Apr Via E E-Mail
... events in this region pretty well. What they found was completely contradictory to Holdren’s claim. . . .they found that the both the strength of the blocking events as well as the associated surface temperature anomalies over the continental U.S. were considerably moderated. In other words, global ...
... events in this region pretty well. What they found was completely contradictory to Holdren’s claim. . . .they found that the both the strength of the blocking events as well as the associated surface temperature anomalies over the continental U.S. were considerably moderated. In other words, global ...
Global Climate Observing System
... support the long-term operation of Earth observation satellites; ensure that homogeneous climate data and integrated products are produced; and strive to make them available to all Parties; and 10. Such Parties should support an internationallycoordinated approach to the development of an initial se ...
... support the long-term operation of Earth observation satellites; ensure that homogeneous climate data and integrated products are produced; and strive to make them available to all Parties; and 10. Such Parties should support an internationallycoordinated approach to the development of an initial se ...
The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change
... olicy-makers and the media, particular- Academy of Sciences report, Climate ly in the United States, frequently assert Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key that climate science is highly uncertain. Questions, begins: “Greenhouse gases are Some have used this as an argument against accumulating in ...
... olicy-makers and the media, particular- Academy of Sciences report, Climate ly in the United States, frequently assert Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key that climate science is highly uncertain. Questions, begins: “Greenhouse gases are Some have used this as an argument against accumulating in ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems
... of water has a peculiar non-linear dependency on temperature that results in cold seawater sinking but ice floating. Although global mean sea-surface temperatures are rising at only about half the rate as that for land, 0.13 C per decade compared to 0.27 C per decade since 1979 [10], increasing te ...
... of water has a peculiar non-linear dependency on temperature that results in cold seawater sinking but ice floating. Although global mean sea-surface temperatures are rising at only about half the rate as that for land, 0.13 C per decade compared to 0.27 C per decade since 1979 [10], increasing te ...
This Challenge will enable New Zealanders to adapt
... This Challenge will enable New Zealanders to adapt, manage risk, and thrive in a changing climate. … Working with our communities and industry, we will guide planning and policy to enhance resilience and exploit opportunities. This will be built on improved predictions of future climate, supported b ...
... This Challenge will enable New Zealanders to adapt, manage risk, and thrive in a changing climate. … Working with our communities and industry, we will guide planning and policy to enhance resilience and exploit opportunities. This will be built on improved predictions of future climate, supported b ...
Climate Change Scepticism PowerPoint
... weather and climate? Luckily, the climate is much easier to predict than weather! A good analogy of the difference between weather and climate is to consider a swimming pool. Imagine that the pool is being slowly filled. If someone dives in there will be waves. The waves are weather, and the average ...
... weather and climate? Luckily, the climate is much easier to predict than weather! A good analogy of the difference between weather and climate is to consider a swimming pool. Imagine that the pool is being slowly filled. If someone dives in there will be waves. The waves are weather, and the average ...
Law & Climate Change in Nigeria
... Changing practices with respect to climate change requires changes in the habits of billions of people, as well as organizations such as firms; but practical policies to generate incentives for these behavioural changes require action by governments that, in many cases, may not have the interest or ...
... Changing practices with respect to climate change requires changes in the habits of billions of people, as well as organizations such as firms; but practical policies to generate incentives for these behavioural changes require action by governments that, in many cases, may not have the interest or ...
Physical 62KB - We can`t sign you in
... primary and secondary effects; positive and negative impacts; immediate and long term responses. (Montserrat) Monitoring and predicting volcanic eruptions. ...
... primary and secondary effects; positive and negative impacts; immediate and long term responses. (Montserrat) Monitoring and predicting volcanic eruptions. ...
NRDC: Temperatures Rising: Global Warming Turns up the Heat on
... vulnerability to heat waves. In cities, buildings, pavement, and dark roofs tend to absorb more heat during the day and retain more heat during the night than does the surrounding countryside—referred to as the “urban heat island effect”— which can compound the intensity of high temperatures for cit ...
... vulnerability to heat waves. In cities, buildings, pavement, and dark roofs tend to absorb more heat during the day and retain more heat during the night than does the surrounding countryside—referred to as the “urban heat island effect”— which can compound the intensity of high temperatures for cit ...
Recent observed climate change over the Arabian Peninsula
... countries have benefited from assessments of observed climate changes, especially in relation to temperature and precipitation owing to the societal importance of these parameters [Goddard et al., 2001]. According to the IPCC fourth assessment report [Solomon et al., 2007], the surface temperatures ...
... countries have benefited from assessments of observed climate changes, especially in relation to temperature and precipitation owing to the societal importance of these parameters [Goddard et al., 2001]. According to the IPCC fourth assessment report [Solomon et al., 2007], the surface temperatures ...
Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget - e
... Argo can be used to estimate warming in different layers of the upper ocean, as shown in Fig. 2. For example, the green and blue curves are for the 0–700 m and 700–2,000 m layers, respectively. The choice of 0–700 m in the upper layer reflects historical changes in sampling by in situ observations23 ...
... Argo can be used to estimate warming in different layers of the upper ocean, as shown in Fig. 2. For example, the green and blue curves are for the 0–700 m and 700–2,000 m layers, respectively. The choice of 0–700 m in the upper layer reflects historical changes in sampling by in situ observations23 ...
NCCR Climate Update 29
... ticles, such as sulfates and sea salt, mainly scatobservations of ice-crystal residues with laborater solar radiation, black carbon also strongly tory measurements of artificial clouds, to show absorbs solar radiation. Regardless of whether that anthropogenic lead-containing particles are the aeroso ...
... ticles, such as sulfates and sea salt, mainly scatobservations of ice-crystal residues with laborater solar radiation, black carbon also strongly tory measurements of artificial clouds, to show absorbs solar radiation. Regardless of whether that anthropogenic lead-containing particles are the aeroso ...
Modeling Earth`s Climate Teacher Guide
... pages. Students will look at different representations of climate change over time. The first graphs show climate change over the past century. The later graphs show climate change over 400,000 years. Students should note the natural variability; Earth’s climate has gone through glacial periods and ...
... pages. Students will look at different representations of climate change over time. The first graphs show climate change over the past century. The later graphs show climate change over 400,000 years. Students should note the natural variability; Earth’s climate has gone through glacial periods and ...
Drought, Dust Storms, and Wildfire
... temperatures are likely to increase water demands, and increase the rate of evaporation from soils. While these changes are likely to vary in Fig. 3. Increases in area burned that would result from the magnitude from region to region, the Southwest is anticipated to be hit regional temperature and p ...
... temperatures are likely to increase water demands, and increase the rate of evaporation from soils. While these changes are likely to vary in Fig. 3. Increases in area burned that would result from the magnitude from region to region, the Southwest is anticipated to be hit regional temperature and p ...
Rate-dependent Tipping Points in the Earth System
... Many possible climate Tipping Points have now been identified. In some cases these have been used to estimate dangerous global warming or dangerous levels of CO2…. ...
... Many possible climate Tipping Points have now been identified. In some cases these have been used to estimate dangerous global warming or dangerous levels of CO2…. ...
climate research in france
... The world's climate is characterized by strong and structured modes of variability. What is their nature? How predictable are they? What variations have occurred in the past? What role have the various components of climate played in these variations? Research has concentrated on three aspects so fa ...
... The world's climate is characterized by strong and structured modes of variability. What is their nature? How predictable are they? What variations have occurred in the past? What role have the various components of climate played in these variations? Research has concentrated on three aspects so fa ...
Climate change and adaptation options for Albania`s coastal areas
... Systems to Climate Change: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options. World Bank Study. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0047-4 • Project Synthesis Report ‘Identification and Implementation of Adaptation Response Measures in the ...
... Systems to Climate Change: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options. World Bank Study. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0047-4 • Project Synthesis Report ‘Identification and Implementation of Adaptation Response Measures in the ...
A Changing Climate: Cold adventures
... Using the sketchpad below, draw green arrows to indicate two glacial periods and purple arrows to indicate two interglacial periods in the last 420,000 years. ...
... Using the sketchpad below, draw green arrows to indicate two glacial periods and purple arrows to indicate two interglacial periods in the last 420,000 years. ...
3B.4 THE U.S. GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS
... budget calculations, particularly in the polar regions; a new reference array will be added across the Atlantic basin, to measure changes in the ocean’s overturning circulation—an indicator of possible abrupt climate change; a pilot U.S. coastal carbon observing network will enter sustained service, ...
... budget calculations, particularly in the polar regions; a new reference array will be added across the Atlantic basin, to measure changes in the ocean’s overturning circulation—an indicator of possible abrupt climate change; a pilot U.S. coastal carbon observing network will enter sustained service, ...
chem of carbon and GWPS 2010
... at that time. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere in 1980 was about 340 ppmv, corresponding to 6.1 x 1016 moles of CO2 – a gain of 1.2 x 1016 moles. The total CO2 injected into the atmosphere between 1800 and 1980 is estimated to be about 1.6 x 1016 moles. Therefore, 1.2/1.6, or ~75% of the C ...
... at that time. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere in 1980 was about 340 ppmv, corresponding to 6.1 x 1016 moles of CO2 – a gain of 1.2 x 1016 moles. The total CO2 injected into the atmosphere between 1800 and 1980 is estimated to be about 1.6 x 1016 moles. Therefore, 1.2/1.6, or ~75% of the C ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.