Assessment of the first consensus prediction on climate change
... with other studies11,14–16 , is to compare the trends against those from the ensemble of 587 21-year-long segments of control simulations (with constant external forcings) from the 24 atmosphere–ocean climate models that contributed to the recent CMIP3 exercise17 . These give a 90% range of about ±0 ...
... with other studies11,14–16 , is to compare the trends against those from the ensemble of 587 21-year-long segments of control simulations (with constant external forcings) from the 24 atmosphere–ocean climate models that contributed to the recent CMIP3 exercise17 . These give a 90% range of about ±0 ...
Developing an Adaptive Measure to Climate Change for PEI
... City of London: UWO study showed an increase in rainfall in the range of 10.7% to 34.9% with an average value of 21%, the Council voted to increase IDF curves by 21%. ...
... City of London: UWO study showed an increase in rainfall in the range of 10.7% to 34.9% with an average value of 21%, the Council voted to increase IDF curves by 21%. ...
This report describes the impacts of the Nunn
... Earth’s radiant energy balance; the difference between the two corresponds to “climate forcing”, which is exhibited in part by rising global average tropospheric temperatures. The radiant energy from the sun provides the energy that maintains climate. Approximately two thirds of the solar radiant en ...
... Earth’s radiant energy balance; the difference between the two corresponds to “climate forcing”, which is exhibited in part by rising global average tropospheric temperatures. The radiant energy from the sun provides the energy that maintains climate. Approximately two thirds of the solar radiant en ...
Multi-Model Projection of July–August Climate Extreme Changes
... compared to surrounding areas due to the effects of greenhouse gases. Giorgi et al. (1997) stated that the greater temperature increase over high-altitude areas can be explained by the decrease in surface albedo associated with melting snow and ice. A further examination of individual model simulati ...
... compared to surrounding areas due to the effects of greenhouse gases. Giorgi et al. (1997) stated that the greater temperature increase over high-altitude areas can be explained by the decrease in surface albedo associated with melting snow and ice. A further examination of individual model simulati ...
Alaska and the Arctic - USA National Phenology Network
... are greening-up earlier and exhibiting higher productivity with advanced spring thaws [3]. In the short-term, earlier green-up and longer growing seasons may benefit species by providing a longer window for photosynthesis and resource acquisition. However, it is unclear how this increased period of ...
... are greening-up earlier and exhibiting higher productivity with advanced spring thaws [3]. In the short-term, earlier green-up and longer growing seasons may benefit species by providing a longer window for photosynthesis and resource acquisition. However, it is unclear how this increased period of ...
Climate Change Impacts and Adapting to Change
... • As they generate power from warm, moist air over warm ocean waters, hurricanes are becoming more intense as climate change continues to increase ocean temperatures • The frequency of the most intense Category 4 and 5 storms would be expected to increase by 80 percent by 2080 • Historically, no Cat ...
... • As they generate power from warm, moist air over warm ocean waters, hurricanes are becoming more intense as climate change continues to increase ocean temperatures • The frequency of the most intense Category 4 and 5 storms would be expected to increase by 80 percent by 2080 • Historically, no Cat ...
INTERACTIVE PDF INSTRUCTIONS
... watersheds are already facing water shortage issues. For urban and suburban areas, the increasing footprint of the built landscape reduces the area of groundwater recharge zones, limiting the replenishment of aquifers. This compounds the problem for areas affected by decreasing annual precipitation. ...
... watersheds are already facing water shortage issues. For urban and suburban areas, the increasing footprint of the built landscape reduces the area of groundwater recharge zones, limiting the replenishment of aquifers. This compounds the problem for areas affected by decreasing annual precipitation. ...
08-06
... developed to address the lack of climate observations in mountainous regions or rural areas. PRISM uses point measurements of climate data and a digital elevation model to generate estimates of annual, monthly and event-based climatic elements. Each grid cell is estimated via multiple regression usi ...
... developed to address the lack of climate observations in mountainous regions or rural areas. PRISM uses point measurements of climate data and a digital elevation model to generate estimates of annual, monthly and event-based climatic elements. Each grid cell is estimated via multiple regression usi ...
ANNEX Human Rights Annual Report 2007: Climate Change
... The impacts of climate change may not be the sole cause of conflicts, but climate change will exacerbate existing tensions as a threat multiplier, increasing the risk of conflicts and making them more complex and intractable through its impact on food and water security. At worst, climate change cou ...
... The impacts of climate change may not be the sole cause of conflicts, but climate change will exacerbate existing tensions as a threat multiplier, increasing the risk of conflicts and making them more complex and intractable through its impact on food and water security. At worst, climate change cou ...
Christmas Island Coral Demonstrates Tropical Pacific ENSO Variability
... in the characteristic amplitude or frequency of ENSO events. As as a response to global warming, from the CMIP3 models8,9. The How will ENSO variability be illustrated in Fig. 3, some CGCMs show an increase in the ampli- measure is derived1) from the interannual standard deviation (s.d.) tude of ENS ...
... in the characteristic amplitude or frequency of ENSO events. As as a response to global warming, from the CMIP3 models8,9. The How will ENSO variability be illustrated in Fig. 3, some CGCMs show an increase in the ampli- measure is derived1) from the interannual standard deviation (s.d.) tude of ENS ...
Modeling Earth`s Climate - National Science Teachers Association
... ocean or land, which are darker than ice and therefore absorb more of the Sun’s energy. This leads to more warming, which in turn leads to more ice melting, and so on in this positive feedback loop. In the curriculum, students can use a model to change the percent of ice cover or amount of greenhous ...
... ocean or land, which are darker than ice and therefore absorb more of the Sun’s energy. This leads to more warming, which in turn leads to more ice melting, and so on in this positive feedback loop. In the curriculum, students can use a model to change the percent of ice cover or amount of greenhous ...
FluxVar_CarboOcean_Fi+
... developments of ocean circulation modeling community • Different resolutions – ibid ...
... developments of ocean circulation modeling community • Different resolutions – ibid ...
Ch15Pres - Leornian.org
... extended into the future, and analogs that show how the climate in specific regions responds to global-scale climate change Identification of any statistically significant periodicities or trends in the climate record would be a powerful tool in climate forecasting ...
... extended into the future, and analogs that show how the climate in specific regions responds to global-scale climate change Identification of any statistically significant periodicities or trends in the climate record would be a powerful tool in climate forecasting ...
Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature
... At the same time that science was suggesting that 2◦ C might not be as safe a guardrail as previously thought, there was growing evidence suggesting that dramatic emission cuts were required to have any reasonable chance of staying below the 2◦ C target. For example, Rogelj et al. [8] argued that ha ...
... At the same time that science was suggesting that 2◦ C might not be as safe a guardrail as previously thought, there was growing evidence suggesting that dramatic emission cuts were required to have any reasonable chance of staying below the 2◦ C target. For example, Rogelj et al. [8] argued that ha ...
recently observed changes
... Figure 1 shows the evolution of global mean sea level in the past and as projected for the 21st century for the SRES A1B scenario. FAQ 5.1, Figure 1. Time series of global mean sea level (deviation from the 1980-1999 mean) in the past and as projected for the future. For the period before 1870, glob ...
... Figure 1 shows the evolution of global mean sea level in the past and as projected for the 21st century for the SRES A1B scenario. FAQ 5.1, Figure 1. Time series of global mean sea level (deviation from the 1980-1999 mean) in the past and as projected for the future. For the period before 1870, glob ...
585. Coutinho, SEA of a Problem
... Assessing climate change in IA is different from assessing other effects First, climate change is one of the most significant and complex cumulative effects: it is due to the accumulation of many actions, each of which has only a limited impact but all of which together cause serious effects. ...
... Assessing climate change in IA is different from assessing other effects First, climate change is one of the most significant and complex cumulative effects: it is due to the accumulation of many actions, each of which has only a limited impact but all of which together cause serious effects. ...
CCDRR03: Identify the main causes of climatic change and its
... volcanic eruptions that produced massive amounts of dust. The natural greenhouse effect refers to way that our atmosphere allows incoming energy from the sun to reach the earth’s surface, but traps some of the outgoing energy from the earth, so keeping the planet warmer than it should be. Certificat ...
... volcanic eruptions that produced massive amounts of dust. The natural greenhouse effect refers to way that our atmosphere allows incoming energy from the sun to reach the earth’s surface, but traps some of the outgoing energy from the earth, so keeping the planet warmer than it should be. Certificat ...
Helping SE Communities Think about Climate Change and Adaptation
... Annual Temperature Differences Maps show annual temperature difference from the 1961-1990 average for the 3 years that were the hottest on record in the United States: 1998, 1934 and 2006 (in rank order). Red areas were warmer than average, blue were cooler than average. The 1930s were very warm in ...
... Annual Temperature Differences Maps show annual temperature difference from the 1961-1990 average for the 3 years that were the hottest on record in the United States: 1998, 1934 and 2006 (in rank order). Red areas were warmer than average, blue were cooler than average. The 1930s were very warm in ...
TRillion Tonnes A4 proof 9.indd
... rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases. That response, driven by national actions, must be captured and enhanced through international cooperation, ideally through an ambitious, robust and equitable global deal. The scientific evidence is clear. The recently released Fifth Assessment Report from the I ...
... rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases. That response, driven by national actions, must be captured and enhanced through international cooperation, ideally through an ambitious, robust and equitable global deal. The scientific evidence is clear. The recently released Fifth Assessment Report from the I ...
Global Warming Effects on Antarctic Ecosystems with
... before Europe and Australia. The coastline measures 17 968 km and is mostly characterized by ice formations. Physically, it is divided by the Transantarctic Mountains between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. The portion west of the Weddell Sea and east of the Ross Sea is called Western Antarctica a ...
... before Europe and Australia. The coastline measures 17 968 km and is mostly characterized by ice formations. Physically, it is divided by the Transantarctic Mountains between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. The portion west of the Weddell Sea and east of the Ross Sea is called Western Antarctica a ...
What Works and Why? - SERC
... Representativeness of the macrofossil record 2) ANALYSIS OF “RAW” DATA -- LDGO Vostok core lab ...
... Representativeness of the macrofossil record 2) ANALYSIS OF “RAW” DATA -- LDGO Vostok core lab ...
protect the world`s children: leave a habitable planet for posterity
... expanding the range of tropical diseases. The world’s children are now at increased risk. ...
... expanding the range of tropical diseases. The world’s children are now at increased risk. ...
Land-Atmosphere Interactions and Importance to Sahel Precipitation
... Experiment (GLACE): An inter-comparison study across a range of atmospheric general circulation models • Regions with significant land-atmosphere coupling are identified from multi-model average (including West Africa) • These hot spots indicate where greater monitoring of soil moisture could yield ...
... Experiment (GLACE): An inter-comparison study across a range of atmospheric general circulation models • Regions with significant land-atmosphere coupling are identified from multi-model average (including West Africa) • These hot spots indicate where greater monitoring of soil moisture could yield ...
Current and future climate of the Federated States of Micronesia M
... during the dry season, but higher than average rainfall during the wet season. La Niña tends to bring above average rainfall in the dry season. The West Pacific Monsoon affects the western states of Chuuk and especially Yap more than the eastern states of Pohnpei and Kosrae. It tends to be farther e ...
... during the dry season, but higher than average rainfall during the wet season. La Niña tends to bring above average rainfall in the dry season. The West Pacific Monsoon affects the western states of Chuuk and especially Yap more than the eastern states of Pohnpei and Kosrae. It tends to be farther e ...
Australia`s Changing Climate - Climate Change in Australia
... with insufficient data are white (source: IPCC 2013) 4 . ...
... with insufficient data are white (source: IPCC 2013) 4 . ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.