2007 A R Message from the OCCI Director Terry Joyce
... the globe. Observational data from the ECCO project is ultimately to provide a tool for studying large-scale ocean dynamics, designing observational programs, and examining the ocean’s role in climate variability. In order to achieve these goals, ECCO needs to evolve from its current experimental st ...
... the globe. Observational data from the ECCO project is ultimately to provide a tool for studying large-scale ocean dynamics, designing observational programs, and examining the ocean’s role in climate variability. In order to achieve these goals, ECCO needs to evolve from its current experimental st ...
Implications of Climate Changes in the Wider Caribbean Region
... Climatologists use a variety of means to describe Earth's past climate. In the U.S. National Academy of Science report "Understanding Climatic Change" (NAS, 1975), a wealth of information is given on the subject. To illustrate what is thought to be known about temperature change, Figure 2 shows the ...
... Climatologists use a variety of means to describe Earth's past climate. In the U.S. National Academy of Science report "Understanding Climatic Change" (NAS, 1975), a wealth of information is given on the subject. To illustrate what is thought to be known about temperature change, Figure 2 shows the ...
1 Contrasting Population Responses: Winners and Losers in
... The trophic position occupied by each of these two seabird species may explain their different population responses. Brandt’s cormorants typically forage at the tertiary trophic level and have the ability to exploit a variety schooling fish (Ainley et al. 1981). In contrast, Cassin’s auklets forage ...
... The trophic position occupied by each of these two seabird species may explain their different population responses. Brandt’s cormorants typically forage at the tertiary trophic level and have the ability to exploit a variety schooling fish (Ainley et al. 1981). In contrast, Cassin’s auklets forage ...
PDF
... show the situation post-1960. It seems counterintuitive, but there has been a reduction in observed rainfall but an increase in observed runoff. The climate signals do point towards a decrease in rainfall, but you can also see a positive contribution from aerosols. There is also a sizable contributi ...
... show the situation post-1960. It seems counterintuitive, but there has been a reduction in observed rainfall but an increase in observed runoff. The climate signals do point towards a decrease in rainfall, but you can also see a positive contribution from aerosols. There is also a sizable contributi ...
Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential
... in early summer. These results have significant implications for modelling present and future Low Arctic vegetation responses to climate change, and emphasize the potential for structurally novel ecosystems to emerge from within the tundra zone. Within the Arctic, northwestern Eurasian tundra (NWET) ...
... in early summer. These results have significant implications for modelling present and future Low Arctic vegetation responses to climate change, and emphasize the potential for structurally novel ecosystems to emerge from within the tundra zone. Within the Arctic, northwestern Eurasian tundra (NWET) ...
Full references list
... Foufoula-Georgiou. Profiling Risk and Sustainability in Coastal Deltas of the World. Science 349(6248), 638-643 (2015) doi:10.1126/science.aab3574. *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract: Deltas are highly sensitive to increasing risks arising from local human activities, land subsidenc ...
... Foufoula-Georgiou. Profiling Risk and Sustainability in Coastal Deltas of the World. Science 349(6248), 638-643 (2015) doi:10.1126/science.aab3574. *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract: Deltas are highly sensitive to increasing risks arising from local human activities, land subsidenc ...
A comparison of local and aggregated climate model outputs with
... deviation were examined at all scales. At the annual time scale, the first-order autocorrelation coefficient and the Hurst coefficient were examined. The latter is a well-recognized metric of long-term fluctuations (also known as Hurst-Kolmogorov behaviour; cf. Kolmogorov, 1940; Hurst, 1951; Koutsoy ...
... deviation were examined at all scales. At the annual time scale, the first-order autocorrelation coefficient and the Hurst coefficient were examined. The latter is a well-recognized metric of long-term fluctuations (also known as Hurst-Kolmogorov behaviour; cf. Kolmogorov, 1940; Hurst, 1951; Koutsoy ...
Canadian Earth System Model CanESM2
... We have compared the Canadian CMIP5 generation models (coupled atmosphereocean general circulation model CanCM4 and the Earth System Model CanESM2 that includes dynamic vegetation) simulations of the Arctic 20th century temperature variability with the observed Arctic temperature. We found that the ...
... We have compared the Canadian CMIP5 generation models (coupled atmosphereocean general circulation model CanCM4 and the Earth System Model CanESM2 that includes dynamic vegetation) simulations of the Arctic 20th century temperature variability with the observed Arctic temperature. We found that the ...
The CLOUD Experiment at CERN
... Atmosphere contains “greenhouse gases” which absorb longwave (infrared) radiation Most important greenhouse gases are H2O (95% of greenhouse effect) and CO2 (4%) Most (2/3) of energy reaching Earth’s surface is radiation back from atmosphere (“greenhouse effect”) 3 ...
... Atmosphere contains “greenhouse gases” which absorb longwave (infrared) radiation Most important greenhouse gases are H2O (95% of greenhouse effect) and CO2 (4%) Most (2/3) of energy reaching Earth’s surface is radiation back from atmosphere (“greenhouse effect”) 3 ...
The in° uence of land-use change and landscape
... Policy-related quanti cation of human in®uences on climate has focused largely on changes in atmospheric composition. However, a large body of work has demonstrated that land-cover change provides an additional major forcing of climate, through changes in the physical properties of the land surface ...
... Policy-related quanti cation of human in®uences on climate has focused largely on changes in atmospheric composition. However, a large body of work has demonstrated that land-cover change provides an additional major forcing of climate, through changes in the physical properties of the land surface ...
Uncertainty and Learning in Sequential Decision
... • If no learning is possible and no risk aversion – Make decision based on expected value ...
... • If no learning is possible and no risk aversion – Make decision based on expected value ...
AEE newsletter March 00 - Association of Energy Engineers | New
... spews out their tailpipes with the fact that December was the warmest in recent memory, or to them "it's like global warming is a tragic fate" because "they learn from a young age they have no effect on anything." This indifference has global consequences. According to Greenpeace Russia, worldwide c ...
... spews out their tailpipes with the fact that December was the warmest in recent memory, or to them "it's like global warming is a tragic fate" because "they learn from a young age they have no effect on anything." This indifference has global consequences. According to Greenpeace Russia, worldwide c ...
Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist`s Guide to Global Warming
... smarter policies. Lomborg recognizes that some food production in some regions will suffer because of climate change, but he also wants to point out that other regions will see a boon in productivity. Water Shortages: Global warming will produce more precipitation (regionally), which means more wate ...
... smarter policies. Lomborg recognizes that some food production in some regions will suffer because of climate change, but he also wants to point out that other regions will see a boon in productivity. Water Shortages: Global warming will produce more precipitation (regionally), which means more wate ...
El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and global - adv
... around the 2–8 year frequency band (IPCC, 2001). It is accompanied with a teleconnection pattern that extends out of the Pacific region (e.g. see, Timmermann et al., 1999; Changnon, 1999; Stern et al., 1999; IPCC, 2001 for detailed assessments of the impacts of the 1997–1998 El Niño event globally ...
... around the 2–8 year frequency band (IPCC, 2001). It is accompanied with a teleconnection pattern that extends out of the Pacific region (e.g. see, Timmermann et al., 1999; Changnon, 1999; Stern et al., 1999; IPCC, 2001 for detailed assessments of the impacts of the 1997–1998 El Niño event globally ...
The influence of land-use change and landscape dynamics on the
... Policy-related quanti cation of human in®uences on climate has focused largely on changes in atmospheric composition. However, a large body of work has demonstrated that land-cover change provides an additional major forcing of climate, through changes in the physical properties of the land surface ...
... Policy-related quanti cation of human in®uences on climate has focused largely on changes in atmospheric composition. However, a large body of work has demonstrated that land-cover change provides an additional major forcing of climate, through changes in the physical properties of the land surface ...
Please click on this link
... uncertainties remain on the amplitude. For a given scenario, we show that the uncertainty is related to the dispersion in (i) the response of the North-Atlantic atmospheric dynamics and (ii) the amplitude of local thermodynamical responses such as the soil drying and the cloudiness decline. Then we ...
... uncertainties remain on the amplitude. For a given scenario, we show that the uncertainty is related to the dispersion in (i) the response of the North-Atlantic atmospheric dynamics and (ii) the amplitude of local thermodynamical responses such as the soil drying and the cloudiness decline. Then we ...
Climate models at their limit?
... design and parameterizations of key processes, such as how to include the effects of clouds; and every model and its output was assumed to be equally valid, even though some perform better than others in certain ways when tested against historic records. The differences between the models will be ex ...
... design and parameterizations of key processes, such as how to include the effects of clouds; and every model and its output was assumed to be equally valid, even though some perform better than others in certain ways when tested against historic records. The differences between the models will be ex ...
Molecular Evolution
... recovered coral head, and (d) fully recovered postbleaching. Left Source: Manzello et al., 2007; Right Source: Courtesy U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ...
... recovered coral head, and (d) fully recovered postbleaching. Left Source: Manzello et al., 2007; Right Source: Courtesy U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ...
Reducing methane and other greenhouse gas emissions from dairy
... Our planet is surrounded by a layer of gases that lets most sunlight through. When the high energy sunlight hits the Earth’s surface it is reflected as light but most of it is transformed into heat. When these two kinds of radiation reach the atmosphere, heat radiation will not pierce the gas layer ...
... Our planet is surrounded by a layer of gases that lets most sunlight through. When the high energy sunlight hits the Earth’s surface it is reflected as light but most of it is transformed into heat. When these two kinds of radiation reach the atmosphere, heat radiation will not pierce the gas layer ...
Connecting Changing Ocean Circulation with Changing Climate
... larger influence on the heat storage pattern than on the carbon storage pattern. The heat storage pattern without circulation changes resembles carbon storage (either with or without circulation changes) more than it resembles the heat storage when currents are allowed to respond. This is shown to b ...
... larger influence on the heat storage pattern than on the carbon storage pattern. The heat storage pattern without circulation changes resembles carbon storage (either with or without circulation changes) more than it resembles the heat storage when currents are allowed to respond. This is shown to b ...
The Impacts of 1.5°C
... increase in the intensity of heavy precipitation events (Absolute annual maximum of consecutive 5-day precipitation, RX5Day, see Figure 1 b) of about 5% (66% uncertainty range: [4,6%]) relative to the 1986-2005 reference period for 50% of the global land-area under a 1.5°C warming and 7% [5,7%] unde ...
... increase in the intensity of heavy precipitation events (Absolute annual maximum of consecutive 5-day precipitation, RX5Day, see Figure 1 b) of about 5% (66% uncertainty range: [4,6%]) relative to the 1986-2005 reference period for 50% of the global land-area under a 1.5°C warming and 7% [5,7%] unde ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
Climate warming and the potential extinction of fig wasps, the
... depend on them for a large fraction of their diets [5]. In addition, some fig species are important pioneers for reforestation efforts, while both planted and spontaneous fig species play a significant role in supporting urban wildlife [7,8]. Given the ecological importance of fig plants, it is impo ...
... depend on them for a large fraction of their diets [5]. In addition, some fig species are important pioneers for reforestation efforts, while both planted and spontaneous fig species play a significant role in supporting urban wildlife [7,8]. Given the ecological importance of fig plants, it is impo ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.