pdf version - Geophysical Institute
... forecast models17 and are treated as observations in climate variability studies. The differences between the NCEP/NCAR (Figure 4a) and downscaled precipitation are quite large (Figure 4b), particularly for the mountainous areas of south central Alaska in which topography plays an important role in ...
... forecast models17 and are treated as observations in climate variability studies. The differences between the NCEP/NCAR (Figure 4a) and downscaled precipitation are quite large (Figure 4b), particularly for the mountainous areas of south central Alaska in which topography plays an important role in ...
Mechanisms of change in fish populations
... concepts broadly are very obtainable because there are only two main things we need to know: 1) what are the thermal constraints/thresholds associated with juvenile recruitment as per Coleman and Fausch and 2) the geographic locations where these thermal constraints occur. That information can be de ...
... concepts broadly are very obtainable because there are only two main things we need to know: 1) what are the thermal constraints/thresholds associated with juvenile recruitment as per Coleman and Fausch and 2) the geographic locations where these thermal constraints occur. That information can be de ...
Soil Organic Matter Pools and Fluxes in Response to Changes in
... of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire ...
... of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire ...
Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Continue Climbing
... according to the World Meteorological Organization’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. It focussed special attention on rising nitrous oxide concentrations. Between 1990 and 2010, according to the report, there was a 29% increase in radiative forcing - the warming effect on our climate system - from greenhou ...
... according to the World Meteorological Organization’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. It focussed special attention on rising nitrous oxide concentrations. Between 1990 and 2010, according to the report, there was a 29% increase in radiative forcing - the warming effect on our climate system - from greenhou ...
Long Range Ensemble Streamflow Prediction
... Map: Single map for all western WS forecasts from 6 RFCs Forecast evolution: Plotting capability to show evolution of current year forecast and observed river flow Verification: Forecast evaluation from past forecasts and forecast tools Ensemble services: Interaction capability with ensemble ...
... Map: Single map for all western WS forecasts from 6 RFCs Forecast evolution: Plotting capability to show evolution of current year forecast and observed river flow Verification: Forecast evaluation from past forecasts and forecast tools Ensemble services: Interaction capability with ensemble ...
Final review - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
... Summary of predicted climate change Temperature • The lower atmosphere and Earth's surface warm (the stratosphere cools). • The surface warming at high latitudes is greater than the global average in winter but smaller in summer. (In time dependent simulations with a full ocean, there is less warmi ...
Climate During the Past 1000 Years
... global mean temperature near the surface by 30 K over the first 30 days The ejecta that are thrown up by the impact return to Earth over several days to weeks produce radiative ...
... global mean temperature near the surface by 30 K over the first 30 days The ejecta that are thrown up by the impact return to Earth over several days to weeks produce radiative ...
Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events and a shift of ENSO toward lower frequencies, both also visible in the sea level pressure-based Southern ...
... The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events and a shift of ENSO toward lower frequencies, both also visible in the sea level pressure-based Southern ...
Water, Climate, and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy,... Summer Conference of the
... Chase, T.N., R.A. Pielke Sr., J.A. Knaff, T.G.F. Kittel, and J.L. Eastman, 2000: A comparison of regional trends in 1979-1997 depth-averaged tropospheric temperatures. Int. J. Climatology, 20, 503-518. Chase, T.N., R.A. Pielke Sr., T.G.F. Kittel, R.R. Nemani, and S.W. Running, 2000: Simulated impact ...
... Chase, T.N., R.A. Pielke Sr., J.A. Knaff, T.G.F. Kittel, and J.L. Eastman, 2000: A comparison of regional trends in 1979-1997 depth-averaged tropospheric temperatures. Int. J. Climatology, 20, 503-518. Chase, T.N., R.A. Pielke Sr., T.G.F. Kittel, R.R. Nemani, and S.W. Running, 2000: Simulated impact ...
Policy Makers Versus People
... goals. Nearly half of all the participants want to limit future temperature increase to current temperature levels, or even to decrease to pre-industrial levels. Countries projected to be hit hard by the impact of climate change showed the highest level of support for a return to pre-industrial temp ...
... goals. Nearly half of all the participants want to limit future temperature increase to current temperature levels, or even to decrease to pre-industrial levels. Countries projected to be hit hard by the impact of climate change showed the highest level of support for a return to pre-industrial temp ...
Lesson 3 - Climate Classroom
... Weather and climate are commonly misinterpreted by students as terms that are interchangeable. In fact these terms, while related, are different. Weather is what we experience on a daily basis. It helps us decide what we should wear for the day or what to bring on an upcoming getaway in the next wee ...
... Weather and climate are commonly misinterpreted by students as terms that are interchangeable. In fact these terms, while related, are different. Weather is what we experience on a daily basis. It helps us decide what we should wear for the day or what to bring on an upcoming getaway in the next wee ...
Climate Change in the Recent Past - Frontier Centre For Public Policy
... A hundred years later it became almost impossible to keep in contact with the settlements on Greenland. When these sites were visited in the 17th century, the ruins were found, and graves, but not any dead people who would have starved to death and not been buried. It is very likely that the last re ...
... A hundred years later it became almost impossible to keep in contact with the settlements on Greenland. When these sites were visited in the 17th century, the ruins were found, and graves, but not any dead people who would have starved to death and not been buried. It is very likely that the last re ...
ANPR Comments- Endangerment
... ways to determine whether they “cause or contribute” to the relevant air pollution. For instance, in some mobile source rulemakings, the Administrator has looked at the percent of emissions from the regulated mobile source category compared to the total mobile source inventory for that air pollutant ...
... ways to determine whether they “cause or contribute” to the relevant air pollution. For instance, in some mobile source rulemakings, the Administrator has looked at the percent of emissions from the regulated mobile source category compared to the total mobile source inventory for that air pollutant ...
Haydn Washington – Climate Change Denial
... • ‘Junk Science’ is applied by deniers to mainstream peer-reviewed science. Deniers speak of ‘sound science’ and ‘balance’, yet do not proceed through peer-review. • So called ‘Climategate’ twisted meaning, e.g. Prof Jones email was totally twisted by spin: ‘I've just completed Mike's Nature trick o ...
... • ‘Junk Science’ is applied by deniers to mainstream peer-reviewed science. Deniers speak of ‘sound science’ and ‘balance’, yet do not proceed through peer-review. • So called ‘Climategate’ twisted meaning, e.g. Prof Jones email was totally twisted by spin: ‘I've just completed Mike's Nature trick o ...
Progress in Modeling the Impact of Land Cover Change on the Global Climate (PiPG - December 2006 Issue)
... in both cycles. As forested areas are converted to grassland, the albedo of the surface is increased, the surface roughness is decreased, and the ability of the underlying soil and vegetation canopy to hold water is also decreased. These are indicated in black ink by ‘Bright’, ‘Smooth’ and ‘Dry Veg’ ...
... in both cycles. As forested areas are converted to grassland, the albedo of the surface is increased, the surface roughness is decreased, and the ability of the underlying soil and vegetation canopy to hold water is also decreased. These are indicated in black ink by ‘Bright’, ‘Smooth’ and ‘Dry Veg’ ...
Present weather and Climate: evolving Conditions
... data set, which has been homogenized, minimum temperatures are found to increase at about the same rate as the maximum temperatures for the Southwest as a whole, though there is considerable variability from one station to another. Note that the trends in unadjusted raw data show somewhat higher min ...
... data set, which has been homogenized, minimum temperatures are found to increase at about the same rate as the maximum temperatures for the Southwest as a whole, though there is considerable variability from one station to another. Note that the trends in unadjusted raw data show somewhat higher min ...
Three Views of Two Degrees - Climate Emergency Institute
... a natural range – which also entails an ice-covered Europe, sea level variations of over 100 m or temperature changes over Greenland of up to 16° Celsius within decades (Lang et al. 1999) – the new proponents argued for the same number by treating it as a threshold beyond which catastrophe looms. Th ...
... a natural range – which also entails an ice-covered Europe, sea level variations of over 100 m or temperature changes over Greenland of up to 16° Celsius within decades (Lang et al. 1999) – the new proponents argued for the same number by treating it as a threshold beyond which catastrophe looms. Th ...
Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the
... Vol 458 | 30 April 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08019 ...
... Vol 458 | 30 April 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08019 ...
PDF
... where TT denotes the average treatment effect on the treated observations. According to Bento et al. (2007), the matching method consists of finding a “proxy” for Y0 , since we do not observe Y0 for this treated observation (i.e., D 1 ). This “proxy” is called counterfactual outcome, e. g., the o ...
... where TT denotes the average treatment effect on the treated observations. According to Bento et al. (2007), the matching method consists of finding a “proxy” for Y0 , since we do not observe Y0 for this treated observation (i.e., D 1 ). This “proxy” is called counterfactual outcome, e. g., the o ...
Clouds and Climate Cloud A - Department of Meteorology and
... Zonal Mean Cloud Effective Radius (M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC) ...
... Zonal Mean Cloud Effective Radius (M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC) ...
The Mid-Atlantic Region and its climate: past, present
... days in the region appears to be decreasing. At the same time, he observed that the last frost of spring is coming progressively earlier and that there are fewer very cold winter days, i.e., winters are warming. Overall, he found the regional climate to be moderating. In contrast, using 13 stations ...
... days in the region appears to be decreasing. At the same time, he observed that the last frost of spring is coming progressively earlier and that there are fewer very cold winter days, i.e., winters are warming. Overall, he found the regional climate to be moderating. In contrast, using 13 stations ...
Global warming and changes in drought
... we make an assessment of the issues with the PDSI in which several other sources of discrepancy emerge not the least of which is how precipitation has changed and is analyzed. As well as an imp ...
... we make an assessment of the issues with the PDSI in which several other sources of discrepancy emerge not the least of which is how precipitation has changed and is analyzed. As well as an imp ...
4/30 - Utexas
... temperatures by as much as 3oC. Even a year after the eruption, most of the northern hemisphere experienced sharply cooler temperatures during the summer months. In parts of Europe and in North America, 1816 was known as "the year without a summer." http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Outreach/AboutVolcanoes/ ...
... temperatures by as much as 3oC. Even a year after the eruption, most of the northern hemisphere experienced sharply cooler temperatures during the summer months. In parts of Europe and in North America, 1816 was known as "the year without a summer." http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Outreach/AboutVolcanoes/ ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.