Geography 40: Introduction to Earth System Science
... Weeks 1-8: Earth as a system- sun, atmosphere, oceans, land, cryosphere and biosphere. Weeks 9-11: Past changes in earth systems and climate: what happened in the past? How do we know? What can we learn from them? Weeks 12-15: Modern changes in earth systems and climate: how are we changing the plan ...
... Weeks 1-8: Earth as a system- sun, atmosphere, oceans, land, cryosphere and biosphere. Weeks 9-11: Past changes in earth systems and climate: what happened in the past? How do we know? What can we learn from them? Weeks 12-15: Modern changes in earth systems and climate: how are we changing the plan ...
Sources of Uncertainty
... “It is currently impossible to pinpoint the exact change in temperature that will be associated with a level of greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, increasingly sophisticated climate models are able to capture some of the chaotic nature of the climate, allowing scientists to develop a greater understand ...
... “It is currently impossible to pinpoint the exact change in temperature that will be associated with a level of greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, increasingly sophisticated climate models are able to capture some of the chaotic nature of the climate, allowing scientists to develop a greater understand ...
here - International Geographical Union
... people with regard to: resources, extreme flood, health, food sustainability, heat waves, agriculture, tourism, pollution, inner climate, minorities, welfare systems and well-being, human development and rights as well as duties, social and democratic national cohesion or ‘otherness’, solidarity, co ...
... people with regard to: resources, extreme flood, health, food sustainability, heat waves, agriculture, tourism, pollution, inner climate, minorities, welfare systems and well-being, human development and rights as well as duties, social and democratic national cohesion or ‘otherness’, solidarity, co ...
Climate Services - American Meteorological Society
... overdevelopment in coastal regions, and regions with limited water supply • Income inequality growing within nations and between nations ...
... overdevelopment in coastal regions, and regions with limited water supply • Income inequality growing within nations and between nations ...
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). 2014
... http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/Power‐Failure‐How‐Climate‐Change‐Puts‐Our‐ Electricity‐at‐Risk‐and‐What‐We‐Can‐Do.pdf ...
... http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/Power‐Failure‐How‐Climate‐Change‐Puts‐Our‐ Electricity‐at‐Risk‐and‐What‐We‐Can‐Do.pdf ...
The Past and Future of Climate
... climate change can be attributed to was supported by just 5 independent scientists - a few less than 2,500 On the other hand there are over 31,000 independent US scientists who have signed a petition saying there is no conclusive evidence CO2 causes climate change. See www.petitionproject.org ...
... climate change can be attributed to was supported by just 5 independent scientists - a few less than 2,500 On the other hand there are over 31,000 independent US scientists who have signed a petition saying there is no conclusive evidence CO2 causes climate change. See www.petitionproject.org ...
Climatic Change - Department of Agricultural Economics
... longwave radiation while letting the Sun's energy pass through. The transparent roof and walls of a greenhouse allow in the sunlight while keeping in the heat. Since these gases act similarly in the atmosphere, we call them greenhouse gases. Source : U.S. National Assessment/ http://www.usgcrp.gov/u ...
... longwave radiation while letting the Sun's energy pass through. The transparent roof and walls of a greenhouse allow in the sunlight while keeping in the heat. Since these gases act similarly in the atmosphere, we call them greenhouse gases. Source : U.S. National Assessment/ http://www.usgcrp.gov/u ...
Impacts of climate change on wine in France
... consequences of global warming will be felt even harder in other parts of the world and developing countries are already experiencing the most severe effects of global warming. While it is clear that the economic development of industrialised nations is largely responsible for climate change, emergi ...
... consequences of global warming will be felt even harder in other parts of the world and developing countries are already experiencing the most severe effects of global warming. While it is clear that the economic development of industrialised nations is largely responsible for climate change, emergi ...
A Call to Truth, Prudence, and Protection of the
... will occur mostly in winter, mostly in polar regions, and mostly at night. But in polar regions, where winter night temperatures range far below freezing, an increase of 5.4E F is hardly likely to cause significant melting of polar ice caps or other problems. Even if the recent strong warming trend ...
... will occur mostly in winter, mostly in polar regions, and mostly at night. But in polar regions, where winter night temperatures range far below freezing, an increase of 5.4E F is hardly likely to cause significant melting of polar ice caps or other problems. Even if the recent strong warming trend ...
Issue Brief - Mesa Community College
... One term continues to dominate every environmental discussion and debate across the globe: climate change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—the most trusted and relied-upon source of climate change scientific research by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Ch ...
... One term continues to dominate every environmental discussion and debate across the globe: climate change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—the most trusted and relied-upon source of climate change scientific research by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Ch ...
PLATE TECTONICS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
... clouds dominate planetary albedo (see entry on Albedo feedback), the surface is the dominant absorber of solar energy, responsible for 65% of the total absorbed solar radiation and for transferring energy to the atmosphere through longwave radiation, and fluxes of sensible and latent heat. Conseque ...
... clouds dominate planetary albedo (see entry on Albedo feedback), the surface is the dominant absorber of solar energy, responsible for 65% of the total absorbed solar radiation and for transferring energy to the atmosphere through longwave radiation, and fluxes of sensible and latent heat. Conseque ...
Precipitation and Temperature
... the current day, the potential neighbors are ranked and the first K are selected, the “K-NNs.” Based on the days’ ranks, a cumulative probability distribution is developed. The next day’s weather is then selected by generating a random number u(0,1) and comparing this to the probability distribution ...
... the current day, the potential neighbors are ranked and the first K are selected, the “K-NNs.” Based on the days’ ranks, a cumulative probability distribution is developed. The next day’s weather is then selected by generating a random number u(0,1) and comparing this to the probability distribution ...
FAQ 6.1 | Could Rapid Release of Methane and Carbon
... destabilise the hydrates within them. Furthermore, methane released in deeper waters has to reach the surface and atmosphere before it can become climatically active, but most is expected to be consumed by microorganisms before it gets there. Only the CH4 from hydrates in shallow shelves, such as in ...
... destabilise the hydrates within them. Furthermore, methane released in deeper waters has to reach the surface and atmosphere before it can become climatically active, but most is expected to be consumed by microorganisms before it gets there. Only the CH4 from hydrates in shallow shelves, such as in ...
Aug 14, 2010 - Science and Environmental Policy Project
... presumed trajectory of the global climate within which it is embedded. Yet the Report goes on to describe six such extreme events that occurred in the "particular year" of 2009, which would have to have been done for no other reason than to imply that these weather extremes were caused by global wa ...
... presumed trajectory of the global climate within which it is embedded. Yet the Report goes on to describe six such extreme events that occurred in the "particular year" of 2009, which would have to have been done for no other reason than to imply that these weather extremes were caused by global wa ...
The idea of anthropogenic global climate change in the 20th century
... Ideas about a human impact on the entire planet changed because of developments in both scientific and popular thinking. Neither could diverge far from the other. Even the boldest scientist would not devote many years to a topic that everyone else dismissed as fantasy. On the other hand, the views o ...
... Ideas about a human impact on the entire planet changed because of developments in both scientific and popular thinking. Neither could diverge far from the other. Even the boldest scientist would not devote many years to a topic that everyone else dismissed as fantasy. On the other hand, the views o ...
Temperaturedependent remineralization in a warming ocean
... Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections. Associated feedbacks have therefore not been quantified. In this study we aim at investigating how temperature-dependent remineralization rates (Q10 = 2) in a warming ocean impact on the marine carbon cycle, and if this may weaken the oceanic sink for anth ...
... Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections. Associated feedbacks have therefore not been quantified. In this study we aim at investigating how temperature-dependent remineralization rates (Q10 = 2) in a warming ocean impact on the marine carbon cycle, and if this may weaken the oceanic sink for anth ...
Appendix S1
... Three-dimensional sea current velocities were obtained for the period 1961-2099 from the Mediterranean model NEMOMED8 (Sevault et al., 2009; Beuvier et al., 2010), based on the IPCC A2 scenario following the methodology and forcings defined in Somot et al. (2006). NEMOMED8 is a state-of-the-art regi ...
... Three-dimensional sea current velocities were obtained for the period 1961-2099 from the Mediterranean model NEMOMED8 (Sevault et al., 2009; Beuvier et al., 2010), based on the IPCC A2 scenario following the methodology and forcings defined in Somot et al. (2006). NEMOMED8 is a state-of-the-art regi ...
Human Induced Climate Change: The IPCC Fourth Assessment
... estimate has been raised to 3°C and a “likely” range of 2 to 4.5°C, with it being “very unlikely” to be less than 1.5°C. It was not possible to attach a formal likelihood of a dT2x above 4.5°C and it was assessed that values higher than 4.5°C cannot be excluded. Understanding the sensitivity of the ...
... estimate has been raised to 3°C and a “likely” range of 2 to 4.5°C, with it being “very unlikely” to be less than 1.5°C. It was not possible to attach a formal likelihood of a dT2x above 4.5°C and it was assessed that values higher than 4.5°C cannot be excluded. Understanding the sensitivity of the ...
K3 Climate Change Review - Hawke`s Bay Regional Council
... reflected (e.g. by changes in cloud cover, atmospheric aerosol particles, or surface vegetation) or in the outgoing thermal radiation (e.g. through changing greenhouse gas concentrations) alters the Earth’s radiation balance. The climate system, in turn, responds directly to such changes, as well as ...
... reflected (e.g. by changes in cloud cover, atmospheric aerosol particles, or surface vegetation) or in the outgoing thermal radiation (e.g. through changing greenhouse gas concentrations) alters the Earth’s radiation balance. The climate system, in turn, responds directly to such changes, as well as ...
The Noose of Equity Survival
... marginal - and highly conditional - North to South redistribution schemes which were mooted at Rio on the back of this further global economic growth. Far more conclusive at this stage, would be an unconditional commitment to eco-restructuring in the industrial countries. At the heart of this must b ...
... marginal - and highly conditional - North to South redistribution schemes which were mooted at Rio on the back of this further global economic growth. Far more conclusive at this stage, would be an unconditional commitment to eco-restructuring in the industrial countries. At the heart of this must b ...
Climate Change - Science, Society & Us
... – 65% of reduction due to the reduced annual rainfall, 7% to increased temperature, 28% unexplained ...
... – 65% of reduction due to the reduced annual rainfall, 7% to increased temperature, 28% unexplained ...
S TAT E O F T H E WO R... Into a Warming World 2 0
... plateau are melting faster than expected. Large adverse effects on water supply availability are predicted, threatening billions of people with water insecurity. Developing countries are not the only ones at risk. Serious water supply impacts have been seen in Australia from the 2001–07 drought—the ...
... plateau are melting faster than expected. Large adverse effects on water supply availability are predicted, threatening billions of people with water insecurity. Developing countries are not the only ones at risk. Serious water supply impacts have been seen in Australia from the 2001–07 drought—the ...
Oral Testimony Assessment of Costs and Benefits Effective Climate Policy"
... In addition, the 2005 National Research Council Report concluded that a global average surface temperature trend offers little information on regional climate change. In other words, the concept of “global warming”, by itself, does not accurately communicate the regional responses to the diverse ran ...
... In addition, the 2005 National Research Council Report concluded that a global average surface temperature trend offers little information on regional climate change. In other words, the concept of “global warming”, by itself, does not accurately communicate the regional responses to the diverse ran ...
Box 1.3
... The reason surface temperature changes in different models are not usually compared directly is that the climate sensitivity is poorly known and varies by a factor of three between different climate models (IPCC, 2001, Chapter 9). Further, climate model studies have shown that, for many forcing mech ...
... The reason surface temperature changes in different models are not usually compared directly is that the climate sensitivity is poorly known and varies by a factor of three between different climate models (IPCC, 2001, Chapter 9). Further, climate model studies have shown that, for many forcing mech ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.