Impact of Climate Change on Pavement Performance: Preliminary Lessons Learned through the Infrastructure and Climate Network (ICNet). Climate Effects on Pavement and Geotechnical Infrastructure.
... It is evident that pavements are at increasing and critical risk from climate-driven stressors; anticipated changes could alter the frequency, duration, and severity of road failures as well as the time and cost of reconstructing the pavement systems. ICNet members conducted a detailed review of pav ...
... It is evident that pavements are at increasing and critical risk from climate-driven stressors; anticipated changes could alter the frequency, duration, and severity of road failures as well as the time and cost of reconstructing the pavement systems. ICNet members conducted a detailed review of pav ...
SUB-COMPONENT STUDY: PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE
... rural to urban continuum. It is also a country with a multitude of highly specialized ecosystems, such as the mountain páramos to varied forests, and significant biodiversity. Both the human and environmental continuums are strongly shaped by the country’s complex topography, as are the vectors (e.g ...
... rural to urban continuum. It is also a country with a multitude of highly specialized ecosystems, such as the mountain páramos to varied forests, and significant biodiversity. Both the human and environmental continuums are strongly shaped by the country’s complex topography, as are the vectors (e.g ...
Tropical Belt WG
... interpretation of these results is complicated by the fact that individual studies use different metrics for the width of the tropics, which results in trends ranging from a near-zero change in the width of the tropics to up to a 2 degree latitude tropical expansion per decade (e.g., Birner, 2010 ...
... interpretation of these results is complicated by the fact that individual studies use different metrics for the width of the tropics, which results in trends ranging from a near-zero change in the width of the tropics to up to a 2 degree latitude tropical expansion per decade (e.g., Birner, 2010 ...
WMO GREENHOUSE GAS BULLETIN 2008 MAIN GREENHOUSE
... greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, have reached the highest levels recorded since preindustrial times. Since 1990, the overall increase in radiative forcing caused by all longlived greenhouse gases is 26% and the increase was 1.3% from 2007 to 2008. These latest figures, published ...
... greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, have reached the highest levels recorded since preindustrial times. Since 1990, the overall increase in radiative forcing caused by all longlived greenhouse gases is 26% and the increase was 1.3% from 2007 to 2008. These latest figures, published ...
main factors influencing climate change: a review
... of the most debated topics in Earth, Atmospheric and Space sciences in the last 30 years. In 1975 Broecker [1 ] expressed the idea of global warming and it was accepted by many scientists. Some of them believe that climate change is caused by human activity and the increasing greenhouse gases – part ...
... of the most debated topics in Earth, Atmospheric and Space sciences in the last 30 years. In 1975 Broecker [1 ] expressed the idea of global warming and it was accepted by many scientists. Some of them believe that climate change is caused by human activity and the increasing greenhouse gases – part ...
Quantifying Albedo and Surface Temperature
... difference of sensible heat fluxes between pine forests and grasslands was much greater than the difference of latent heat fluxes. The soil moisture of each site helped determine the amount of water which was available for transpiration, thereby affecting how much energy was available during the se ...
... difference of sensible heat fluxes between pine forests and grasslands was much greater than the difference of latent heat fluxes. The soil moisture of each site helped determine the amount of water which was available for transpiration, thereby affecting how much energy was available during the se ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... geological timescales. Knowing this natural variability, researchers can identify when present day changes exceed the natural range. Palaeorecords show that periods of long-term stability and periods of change are both normal. In addition, non-linear abrupt climate changes can also occur. 3. Concent ...
... geological timescales. Knowing this natural variability, researchers can identify when present day changes exceed the natural range. Palaeorecords show that periods of long-term stability and periods of change are both normal. In addition, non-linear abrupt climate changes can also occur. 3. Concent ...
The Real Truth about Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change:
... the nearly 10,000 years of the Holocene (the era since the end of the last glacial period) has been in the range of roughly 270 to 280 ppm, being closer to 280 ppm just before the start of the Industrial period in about 1750. Second, with respect to Dr. Happer’s citing of much higher CO2 concentrati ...
... the nearly 10,000 years of the Holocene (the era since the end of the last glacial period) has been in the range of roughly 270 to 280 ppm, being closer to 280 ppm just before the start of the Industrial period in about 1750. Second, with respect to Dr. Happer’s citing of much higher CO2 concentrati ...
Changing Pollen Types/Concentrations
... for and danger of continued changes to global climate. Increases in greenhouse gases have concurred with the rise of the estimated global mean surface temperatures by 0.74ºC ± 0.18ºC over the last century (1906–2005). However, the trend is not linear. During the past 50 years, temperatures have incr ...
... for and danger of continued changes to global climate. Increases in greenhouse gases have concurred with the rise of the estimated global mean surface temperatures by 0.74ºC ± 0.18ºC over the last century (1906–2005). However, the trend is not linear. During the past 50 years, temperatures have incr ...
Last millennium Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures from
... radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (MayeAugust) mean temperatures across the ...
... radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (MayeAugust) mean temperatures across the ...
PDF
... The advantage of this empirical approach is that the method includes not only the direct effect of climate on productivity but also the adaptation response by farmers to local climate. This farmer behavior is important because it mitigates the problems associated with less than optimal environmental ...
... The advantage of this empirical approach is that the method includes not only the direct effect of climate on productivity but also the adaptation response by farmers to local climate. This farmer behavior is important because it mitigates the problems associated with less than optimal environmental ...
Climate change: impacts on electricity markets in Western Europe
... According to the Mideksa and Kallbekken (2010) review, the sign of the heating and cooling effects on electricity demand seem to be consistent across studies, but with a wide variation on the magnitude of the estimates, see, for example, Baxter and Calandri (1992), Aroonruengsawat and Auffhammer (20 ...
... According to the Mideksa and Kallbekken (2010) review, the sign of the heating and cooling effects on electricity demand seem to be consistent across studies, but with a wide variation on the magnitude of the estimates, see, for example, Baxter and Calandri (1992), Aroonruengsawat and Auffhammer (20 ...
Precipitation response of monsoon low
... Large rainfall rates are associated with the LPS, and during the monsoon the LPS produces about half of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall [Yoon and Chen, 2005]. Monsoon LPS can also trigger intense precipitation events in the vicinity of the propagation path [Goswami et al., 2006; Sikka, 2006; Ajay ...
... Large rainfall rates are associated with the LPS, and during the monsoon the LPS produces about half of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall [Yoon and Chen, 2005]. Monsoon LPS can also trigger intense precipitation events in the vicinity of the propagation path [Goswami et al., 2006; Sikka, 2006; Ajay ...
The presentation template
... •Concern about climate change and its impacts linked to “availability” and “affect”. •Perceptions of weather can drive climate change concern, but climate change concern also drive weather perceptions •Public recollections and expectations do not always match expert observations and projections. •Wi ...
... •Concern about climate change and its impacts linked to “availability” and “affect”. •Perceptions of weather can drive climate change concern, but climate change concern also drive weather perceptions •Public recollections and expectations do not always match expert observations and projections. •Wi ...
from the editors climate change and management
... changes already in train by building in resilience to all aspects of economic and social activity, and by learning how to cope with unprecedented levels of uncertainty and a rapid pace of change. We also need urgently to find a way to limit the risks through substantial and sustained mitigation acti ...
... changes already in train by building in resilience to all aspects of economic and social activity, and by learning how to cope with unprecedented levels of uncertainty and a rapid pace of change. We also need urgently to find a way to limit the risks through substantial and sustained mitigation acti ...
Gaia and the Mediterranean Sea*
... level has remained more or less constant since. Solar variations, small as they are, may have an influence on the terrestrial climate of the last 2 billion years, but we have also to considered the albedo and the greenhouse effects. James Lovelock was the first to propose the Gaia hypothesis. He us ...
... level has remained more or less constant since. Solar variations, small as they are, may have an influence on the terrestrial climate of the last 2 billion years, but we have also to considered the albedo and the greenhouse effects. James Lovelock was the first to propose the Gaia hypothesis. He us ...
Climate Change: A Global Challenge
... • Temperatures are increasing in many parts of the planet • This is caused by build-up of greenhouse gases (GHGs) • Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and change in our climatic system • Most of the increase in average temperatures is due to increase in GHG ...
... • Temperatures are increasing in many parts of the planet • This is caused by build-up of greenhouse gases (GHGs) • Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and change in our climatic system • Most of the increase in average temperatures is due to increase in GHG ...
Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea
... The Baltic Sea region has seen remarkable changes since the end of last ice age (last 10 – 12,000 years). The externally forced climate variability in the Baltic Sea basin is most likely attributable to orbital forcing at millennial time scales, to changes in solar irradiance at multi-decadal or cen ...
... The Baltic Sea region has seen remarkable changes since the end of last ice age (last 10 – 12,000 years). The externally forced climate variability in the Baltic Sea basin is most likely attributable to orbital forcing at millennial time scales, to changes in solar irradiance at multi-decadal or cen ...
Robust Bayesian Uncertainty Analysis of Climate System Properties
... Robust Bayesian analysis (Berger 1984, 1994) provides a suitable framework for such sensitivity and robustness studies. In robust Bayesian analysis, instead of single prior distributions or single likelihood functions, sets of prior distributions and sets of likelihood functions are considered. Then ...
... Robust Bayesian analysis (Berger 1984, 1994) provides a suitable framework for such sensitivity and robustness studies. In robust Bayesian analysis, instead of single prior distributions or single likelihood functions, sets of prior distributions and sets of likelihood functions are considered. Then ...
PDF
... below, finds that the optimal carbon price is less than $6 per ton in 1995, and less than $10 per ton in 2005, rising very gradually to only $140 per ton in 2195, some 200 years into the simulation. (All monetary amounts are in 1995 US dollars. Our decision to focus on projections for 2195 is explai ...
... below, finds that the optimal carbon price is less than $6 per ton in 1995, and less than $10 per ton in 2005, rising very gradually to only $140 per ton in 2195, some 200 years into the simulation. (All monetary amounts are in 1995 US dollars. Our decision to focus on projections for 2195 is explai ...
Climate variability, ecological gradient and the Northeast China
... mean annual temperature (MAT), mean monthly temperature (MMT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean monthly precipitation (MMP), mean annual potential evapotranspiration (MAPET) calculated following Monteith (1995), mean monthly potential evapotranspiration (MMPET), mean annual potential evapotrans ...
... mean annual temperature (MAT), mean monthly temperature (MMT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean monthly precipitation (MMP), mean annual potential evapotranspiration (MAPET) calculated following Monteith (1995), mean monthly potential evapotranspiration (MMPET), mean annual potential evapotrans ...
Climate change in size-structured ecosystems
... functioning of ecological communities over the next several decades. Specific changes will include shifts in the means and variability of ecologically important factors, including temperature, precipitation, irradiance and wind. While all of these aspects of climate change are likely to have profoun ...
... functioning of ecological communities over the next several decades. Specific changes will include shifts in the means and variability of ecologically important factors, including temperature, precipitation, irradiance and wind. While all of these aspects of climate change are likely to have profoun ...
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SUB~ANTARCTIC
... Reference Antarctic Data for Environmental Research (READER) project (Turner et af. 2004). Table 1 gives some basic information for most of the meteorological stations in or near the sub-Antarctic. The data were obtained from a number of different sources, as noted with the table. The World Meteorol ...
... Reference Antarctic Data for Environmental Research (READER) project (Turner et af. 2004). Table 1 gives some basic information for most of the meteorological stations in or near the sub-Antarctic. The data were obtained from a number of different sources, as noted with the table. The World Meteorol ...
The Climate counter consensus, review - Brians
... interest and ideology. They are exemplified by the current carbon lobbies which promote the continued use of carbon based fuels and right wing political groups which promote extreme ideas about freedom. There are no doubt others. In Australia and the USA, the ...
... interest and ideology. They are exemplified by the current carbon lobbies which promote the continued use of carbon based fuels and right wing political groups which promote extreme ideas about freedom. There are no doubt others. In Australia and the USA, the ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.