Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle
... vegetation state consistent with the model’s preindustrial climate (Cox et al., 2001). Once the long-term net land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes were close to zero the atmospheric CO2 was let free to respond to variability in the model’s global carbon cycle (assuming zero pre-industr ...
... vegetation state consistent with the model’s preindustrial climate (Cox et al., 2001). Once the long-term net land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes were close to zero the atmospheric CO2 was let free to respond to variability in the model’s global carbon cycle (assuming zero pre-industr ...
Potential Climate Change Impacts on Marine Resources of the
... However, critical studies are needed to establish whether increased organic matter and fungal activity will translate into greater fungal biomass across a range of ecosystems. Another important question is whether these expected changes in fungal abundance and activity will translate into greater qu ...
... However, critical studies are needed to establish whether increased organic matter and fungal activity will translate into greater fungal biomass across a range of ecosystems. Another important question is whether these expected changes in fungal abundance and activity will translate into greater qu ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Italy and the Mediterranean
... Europe. This last aggregation includes Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Bulgaria. According to both PESETA and IPCC AR4, the Mediterranean region (MED henceforth) is a hotspot for the physical impacts of climate change (Note 2). From Table 1 it can be seen that MED will likely to be subject to in ...
... Europe. This last aggregation includes Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Bulgaria. According to both PESETA and IPCC AR4, the Mediterranean region (MED henceforth) is a hotspot for the physical impacts of climate change (Note 2). From Table 1 it can be seen that MED will likely to be subject to in ...
Projected Climate Change and the Appalachian Trail
... and significant changes in precipitation patterns. Climate change would create three types of impacts on the A.T.: 1. changes in the hiker experience; 2. changes in the distribution of birds, animals and plants inhabiting the A.T. corridor; and 3. changes due to more extreme climate Changes in the H ...
... and significant changes in precipitation patterns. Climate change would create three types of impacts on the A.T.: 1. changes in the hiker experience; 2. changes in the distribution of birds, animals and plants inhabiting the A.T. corridor; and 3. changes due to more extreme climate Changes in the H ...
Chapter 5 - Government.se
... region and Sweden. Since 1997, this has been carried out as part of the SWECLIM programme, in which the Rossby Centre at SMHI has developed an advanced regional climate model system (see also Chapter 7). The system has been used to make detailed studies of the potential impact of global climate chan ...
... region and Sweden. Since 1997, this has been carried out as part of the SWECLIM programme, in which the Rossby Centre at SMHI has developed an advanced regional climate model system (see also Chapter 7). The system has been used to make detailed studies of the potential impact of global climate chan ...
Observed Changes and their Causes
... Changes in many extreme weather and climate events have been observed since about 1950. Some of these changes have been linked to human influences, including a decrease in cold temperature extremes, an increase in warm temperature extremes, an increase in extreme high sea levels and an increase in t ...
... Changes in many extreme weather and climate events have been observed since about 1950. Some of these changes have been linked to human influences, including a decrease in cold temperature extremes, an increase in warm temperature extremes, an increase in extreme high sea levels and an increase in t ...
U.S. EPA’s Models-3 : An Integrated “One
... tropospheric ozone. Both are proven health hazards. Reducing both would not only address climate change, but also dramatically improve people’s health.” (President Bush, June 12, 2001, New York Times) ...
... tropospheric ozone. Both are proven health hazards. Reducing both would not only address climate change, but also dramatically improve people’s health.” (President Bush, June 12, 2001, New York Times) ...
Simulations show decreasing carbon stocks and potential for carbon
... For each AOGCM, average monthly changes in values of precipitation and temperature from a base period (years 1980–1999) to 2030 (2020–2039), and from the base period to 2080 (2070–2089), were provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (Table 1) for an area ;5.68 in latitude and ...
... For each AOGCM, average monthly changes in values of precipitation and temperature from a base period (years 1980–1999) to 2030 (2020–2039), and from the base period to 2080 (2070–2089), were provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (Table 1) for an area ;5.68 in latitude and ...
Climate change prediction over complex areas: spatial variability of
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
... (Mediterranean and Atlantic), since these factors exert significant control over the regional climate (VicenteSerrano and López–Moreno, 2006). These variables were taken into account through two layers in which the distances to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were calculated using Geog ...
Arctic amplification: can the past constrain the future?
... impact on the energy balance during those times. Over land, a more complete view is that initial warming leads to earlier spring melt of the snow cover and later autumn onset of snow. Because the underlying low-albedo surface (earth, tundra, shrubs) is exposed longer, there is a stronger seasonal he ...
... impact on the energy balance during those times. Over land, a more complete view is that initial warming leads to earlier spring melt of the snow cover and later autumn onset of snow. Because the underlying low-albedo surface (earth, tundra, shrubs) is exposed longer, there is a stronger seasonal he ...
The social cost of atmospheric release
... the beneficial effects of CO2 fertilization at their maximum estimated effectiveness are excluded (Parry et al. 2004). I assume a mid-range effectiveness with 3 times more malnutrition cases for warming without CO2 fertilization, and an uncertainty of 100 % so that the maximum (6 times more) is cons ...
... the beneficial effects of CO2 fertilization at their maximum estimated effectiveness are excluded (Parry et al. 2004). I assume a mid-range effectiveness with 3 times more malnutrition cases for warming without CO2 fertilization, and an uncertainty of 100 % so that the maximum (6 times more) is cons ...
Extreme event: Heat waves and hot days
... High sea-level events can threaten human physical safety and health, damage settlements and infrastructure in low-lying coastal areas, and erode sandy beaches. Communities in the Torres Straits Islands have experienced several major flooding events in the last decade, affecting roads, residential bu ...
... High sea-level events can threaten human physical safety and health, damage settlements and infrastructure in low-lying coastal areas, and erode sandy beaches. Communities in the Torres Straits Islands have experienced several major flooding events in the last decade, affecting roads, residential bu ...
Temperature impact on energy demand in Ireland
... A series of national daily electricity peak demand, spanning the period from January 1994 through December 2005 has been used in the study. The data comprise the electricity consumption in all economic sectors (industrial, residential and commercial) for Ireland. Regional or sectorially disaggregate ...
... A series of national daily electricity peak demand, spanning the period from January 1994 through December 2005 has been used in the study. The data comprise the electricity consumption in all economic sectors (industrial, residential and commercial) for Ireland. Regional or sectorially disaggregate ...
Comments by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in its 2013 report: “It does not revisit other interagency modeling decisions (e.g., with regard to the discount rate, reference case socioeconomic and em ...
... researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in its 2013 report: “It does not revisit other interagency modeling decisions (e.g., with regard to the discount rate, reference case socioeconomic and em ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... “Although the IPCC made no quantitative judgment, the 95th percentile of the calibrated Roe & Baker distribution (7.1 °C) is much closer to the mean and the median (7.2 °C) of the 95th percentiles of 21 previous studies summarized by Newbold and Daigneault (2009). It is also closer to the mean (7.5 ...
... “Although the IPCC made no quantitative judgment, the 95th percentile of the calibrated Roe & Baker distribution (7.1 °C) is much closer to the mean and the median (7.2 °C) of the 95th percentiles of 21 previous studies summarized by Newbold and Daigneault (2009). It is also closer to the mean (7.5 ...
FROM THE HARPOON TO THE HEATEAT
... greater absorption of outgoing infrared radiation, and ultimately an increase in temperatures when a portion of this radiation is reflected back to the Earth’s surface, the phenomenon known as “radiative forcing.”14 Climate researchers have concluded that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases ...
... greater absorption of outgoing infrared radiation, and ultimately an increase in temperatures when a portion of this radiation is reflected back to the Earth’s surface, the phenomenon known as “radiative forcing.”14 Climate researchers have concluded that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases ...
Birds` response to climate change: new insights from key
... changes) are already known to affect biodiversity at a global, worldwide scale (Thomas et al., 2004). Distribution of life on Earth is largely determined by climatic conditions (Sunday et al., 2012; Khaliq et al., 2014), global climate changes, which modify climatic niches, are now considered as one ...
... changes) are already known to affect biodiversity at a global, worldwide scale (Thomas et al., 2004). Distribution of life on Earth is largely determined by climatic conditions (Sunday et al., 2012; Khaliq et al., 2014), global climate changes, which modify climatic niches, are now considered as one ...
WMO
... 13. Coordinated scientific activities by WCRP include the Coupled Model Intercomparison Experiment Project (CMIP) that serves as the key tool to better understand past, present and future climate changes arising from either natural, unforced variability or in response to changes in radiative forcing ...
... 13. Coordinated scientific activities by WCRP include the Coupled Model Intercomparison Experiment Project (CMIP) that serves as the key tool to better understand past, present and future climate changes arising from either natural, unforced variability or in response to changes in radiative forcing ...
Climate Change Adaptation is - Eco
... El Nino and rainfall in Central America vary spatially; where birds overwinter influences the effect of El Nino on their population **The effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation on seabirds and hole-nesting birds is reversed at higher and lower latitudes **Climate change and its effects are also li ...
... El Nino and rainfall in Central America vary spatially; where birds overwinter influences the effect of El Nino on their population **The effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation on seabirds and hole-nesting birds is reversed at higher and lower latitudes **Climate change and its effects are also li ...
Impact of extreme weather on critical infrastructure Deliverable D2.1
... guidance on climate change indicators adapted to user needs are provided, in order to meet scientific standards with a focus on extreme events in a European climate change context. The characterization of these extremes is performed using datasets provided from different sources or case studies. Exi ...
... guidance on climate change indicators adapted to user needs are provided, in order to meet scientific standards with a focus on extreme events in a European climate change context. The characterization of these extremes is performed using datasets provided from different sources or case studies. Exi ...
Climate change and mountain ecosystems Martin F. Price and John
... global climate—and therefore its regional components, including mountain climates—is likely to change over coming decades, at rates unprecedented in human history (Houghton et al. 1990, 1992, Schneider 1989b). This means that, at any point on Earth, over the next few decades, significant changes in ...
... global climate—and therefore its regional components, including mountain climates—is likely to change over coming decades, at rates unprecedented in human history (Houghton et al. 1990, 1992, Schneider 1989b). This means that, at any point on Earth, over the next few decades, significant changes in ...
Breaking down the tropospheric circulation response by forcing
... ten-member ensembles of 1950-2000 transient climate simulations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3) to compare the direct effects of radiative forcings and the indirect effect of changing SSTs on the general circulation. Their study e ...
... ten-member ensembles of 1950-2000 transient climate simulations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3) to compare the direct effects of radiative forcings and the indirect effect of changing SSTs on the general circulation. Their study e ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.