Paulo Nobre
... The Challenge: • To build an Earth System Model in Brazil, from state of the art component models in the nation and abroad: 1. To incorporate expert knowledge about ocean-iceatmosphere-biosphere interactions of relevance to Brazil; 2. To provide the scientific foundations of global climate change s ...
... The Challenge: • To build an Earth System Model in Brazil, from state of the art component models in the nation and abroad: 1. To incorporate expert knowledge about ocean-iceatmosphere-biosphere interactions of relevance to Brazil; 2. To provide the scientific foundations of global climate change s ...
climate change and international justice
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change notes in its Fourth Assessment Report: “[L]itigation is likely to be used increasingly as countries and citizens become dissatisfied with the pace of international and national decision-making on climate change … there is a decided interest in pursuing t ...
... The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change notes in its Fourth Assessment Report: “[L]itigation is likely to be used increasingly as countries and citizens become dissatisfied with the pace of international and national decision-making on climate change … there is a decided interest in pursuing t ...
quantification of physical impacts on the nsw coastal zone due to
... It is recognised that future climate change has a significant potential to impact coastal communities and ecosystems. In addition to sea level rise, variations in the local wave climate, resulting from climate change, are likely to modify long-shore and cross-shore sediment transport patterns. This ...
... It is recognised that future climate change has a significant potential to impact coastal communities and ecosystems. In addition to sea level rise, variations in the local wave climate, resulting from climate change, are likely to modify long-shore and cross-shore sediment transport patterns. This ...
Global change: state of the science
... forcing which in turn warms the Earth's surface. Aerosols, on the other hand, scatter or absorb solar radiation and prevent it from reaching the Earth. This has a net cooling eect. Together, emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols from human activities destroy the existing radiative balance of t ...
... forcing which in turn warms the Earth's surface. Aerosols, on the other hand, scatter or absorb solar radiation and prevent it from reaching the Earth. This has a net cooling eect. Together, emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols from human activities destroy the existing radiative balance of t ...
Do scientists agree about climate change? public perceptions from a
... more than 96 percent agreed on both items.6 an open letter to the u.s. Congress in October 2009 noted, “Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the p ...
... more than 96 percent agreed on both items.6 an open letter to the u.s. Congress in October 2009 noted, “Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the p ...
Climate change vulnerability assessment for aquatic ecosystems in
... Paul Gray and Nicholas Jones for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, and Trudy Vaittinen for report production. ...
... Paul Gray and Nicholas Jones for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, and Trudy Vaittinen for report production. ...
unburnable carbon: why we need to leave fossil fuels in the ground
... melting of the Greenland ice-sheet, which would eventually raise sea level by about 7 metres, inundating major cities world-wide, lies between a 1 and 4°C rise, with the risk increasing through that temperature range. Moreover, as scientific knowledge has improved, it is clear that other risks previ ...
... melting of the Greenland ice-sheet, which would eventually raise sea level by about 7 metres, inundating major cities world-wide, lies between a 1 and 4°C rise, with the risk increasing through that temperature range. Moreover, as scientific knowledge has improved, it is clear that other risks previ ...
Farm-level adaptation options: south-eastern South Australia
... Overall, results suggest that some crop management adaptations have a potentially significant role in maintaining or increasing yields under variable and changing climate conditions. Different adaptation options will be required at a range of spatial scales to deal with the different sets of physica ...
... Overall, results suggest that some crop management adaptations have a potentially significant role in maintaining or increasing yields under variable and changing climate conditions. Different adaptation options will be required at a range of spatial scales to deal with the different sets of physica ...
Summary of the meeting on 11 December 2015 on adaptation of
... transportation to coastal floods, and rail transportation to landslides. In mid-2016 a deliverable of this project will address the frequency of weather hazards throughout Europe for both the present and future climate up to 2100. The on-going FP7 project “On the Impact of Extreme Weather on Critic ...
... transportation to coastal floods, and rail transportation to landslides. In mid-2016 a deliverable of this project will address the frequency of weather hazards throughout Europe for both the present and future climate up to 2100. The on-going FP7 project “On the Impact of Extreme Weather on Critic ...
JPI Climate, H2020, & Climate Change Frank McGovern October 2
... Climate prediction has been focused on mid and end of century projections. A substantial development of climate models is needed based on improved understanding of processes and more advanced observation systems. This requires a long-term strategy for observations, experimental studies and mod ...
... Climate prediction has been focused on mid and end of century projections. A substantial development of climate models is needed based on improved understanding of processes and more advanced observation systems. This requires a long-term strategy for observations, experimental studies and mod ...
Polar Bears and Climate Change
... relied upon general circulation model (GCM) projections of major declines in arctic sea ice extent due to global warming. Projections of how the future of sea ice would affect the future of Polar Bears were derived from outcomes of a Bayesian network (BN) model (Marcot et al. 2006). Projections of t ...
... relied upon general circulation model (GCM) projections of major declines in arctic sea ice extent due to global warming. Projections of how the future of sea ice would affect the future of Polar Bears were derived from outcomes of a Bayesian network (BN) model (Marcot et al. 2006). Projections of t ...
- ACE CRC
... More than 90% of the extra heat energy stored by the planet in the last 50 years, and about 30% of the carbon dioxide released by human activities over the same period has been absorbed in the ocean. By absorbing heat and carbon dioxide, the oceans have slowed the rate of climate change. The Souther ...
... More than 90% of the extra heat energy stored by the planet in the last 50 years, and about 30% of the carbon dioxide released by human activities over the same period has been absorbed in the ocean. By absorbing heat and carbon dioxide, the oceans have slowed the rate of climate change. The Souther ...
Melting the Ice – receding glaciers in the American Cordillera
... 4% of its area, with the largest losses from Glaciar Jorge Montt (Chile) and Glaciar Upsala (Argentina), which receded ca. 10 and 6 km, respectively. Almost all outlet glaciers from the icefield are receding, but there are a few spectacular exceptions; Glaciar Pio XI gained 7.8 km2 between 1986 and ...
... 4% of its area, with the largest losses from Glaciar Jorge Montt (Chile) and Glaciar Upsala (Argentina), which receded ca. 10 and 6 km, respectively. Almost all outlet glaciers from the icefield are receding, but there are a few spectacular exceptions; Glaciar Pio XI gained 7.8 km2 between 1986 and ...
Climate Change, Vulnerability and Social Justice
... Unfortunately, it is unrealistic to expect that positive and negative effects will balance out, because they will register their impacts on different regions, ecosystems, and people. And many of these regions and peoples will be highly vulnerable and poorly equipped to cope with the major changes in ...
... Unfortunately, it is unrealistic to expect that positive and negative effects will balance out, because they will register their impacts on different regions, ecosystems, and people. And many of these regions and peoples will be highly vulnerable and poorly equipped to cope with the major changes in ...
Product User Guide Version 4 (PUGv4) for the XCO2 - GHG-CCI
... which uses measurements in the O2-A absorption band to retrieve scattering information of clouds and aerosols. This information is transferred to the CO2 absorption band at 1580 nm by simultaneously fitting the spectra measured in both spectral regions. The explicit consideration of scattering by th ...
... which uses measurements in the O2-A absorption band to retrieve scattering information of clouds and aerosols. This information is transferred to the CO2 absorption band at 1580 nm by simultaneously fitting the spectra measured in both spectral regions. The explicit consideration of scattering by th ...
Climate Change, Health and Future Well
... Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, holds 1.6 billion people, almost one quarter of the world’s current population. Recent population projections suggest that by 2050, the population of South Asia will approximate or exceed 2.2 billion people (International Institute ...
... Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, holds 1.6 billion people, almost one quarter of the world’s current population. Recent population projections suggest that by 2050, the population of South Asia will approximate or exceed 2.2 billion people (International Institute ...
Simulating Sea Ice - An abrupt change perspective
... • Increased Arctic Ocean heat transport occurs even while the Atlantic MOC weakens ...
... • Increased Arctic Ocean heat transport occurs even while the Atlantic MOC weakens ...
National Research Council Report
... temperature reconstructions might not generate widespread attention, but this case brings interesting lessons about how science works and how science, especially climate science, is communicated to policy makers and the public. The debate began in 1998 when a paper by Michael Mann, Raymond Bradley a ...
... temperature reconstructions might not generate widespread attention, but this case brings interesting lessons about how science works and how science, especially climate science, is communicated to policy makers and the public. The debate began in 1998 when a paper by Michael Mann, Raymond Bradley a ...
Session 3: who is affected?
... Learners could investigate one of the consequences of climate change in more detail. This might be one of the impacts mentioned in the session or something else. Learners could use secondary sources of information such as the Internet to find scientific evidence for this climate change consequence. ...
... Learners could investigate one of the consequences of climate change in more detail. This might be one of the impacts mentioned in the session or something else. Learners could use secondary sources of information such as the Internet to find scientific evidence for this climate change consequence. ...
awareness of both type 1 and 2 errors in climate science and
... Another set of polling data questioned a nationally representative sample of Americans concerning the Himalayan glacier error in June 2010, six months after the incident. Around 24% of the nation said they remembered hearing about recent errors, but only 4% said they thought the errors indicated sci ...
... Another set of polling data questioned a nationally representative sample of Americans concerning the Himalayan glacier error in June 2010, six months after the incident. Around 24% of the nation said they remembered hearing about recent errors, but only 4% said they thought the errors indicated sci ...
Global trends in extreme precipitation
... (Held and Soden, 2006; Pall et al., 2006). Increasing availability of moisture in the atmosphere can be expected to result in increased intensity of extreme precipitation (Allan and Soden, 2008; Allen and Ingram, 2002; O’Gorman and Schneider, 2009; Trenberth, 2011; Trenberth et al., 2003), with a pr ...
... (Held and Soden, 2006; Pall et al., 2006). Increasing availability of moisture in the atmosphere can be expected to result in increased intensity of extreme precipitation (Allan and Soden, 2008; Allen and Ingram, 2002; O’Gorman and Schneider, 2009; Trenberth, 2011; Trenberth et al., 2003), with a pr ...
Sensitivity of crop cover to climate variability: Insights
... precipitation) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS e temperature). We examined green-leaf phenologies as proxy for crop productivity using the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from 2000 to 2012. Using both monsoon and winter growing seasons, we assessed phenological sensiti ...
... precipitation) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS e temperature). We examined green-leaf phenologies as proxy for crop productivity using the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from 2000 to 2012. Using both monsoon and winter growing seasons, we assessed phenological sensiti ...
Ideas and perspectives: climate-relevant marine biologically driven
... been shown to be regionally important (see, e.g., Baumann et al., 2004; Kleypas et al., 2006) or are assumed to be relevant for aragonite (Gangstøet al., 2008) but presumably only marginally for climate dynamics. To represent the alkalinity pump in ESMs, calcifiers need to be included to generate th ...
... been shown to be regionally important (see, e.g., Baumann et al., 2004; Kleypas et al., 2006) or are assumed to be relevant for aragonite (Gangstøet al., 2008) but presumably only marginally for climate dynamics. To represent the alkalinity pump in ESMs, calcifiers need to be included to generate th ...
CIRCE urban heat island simulations
... responds to the radiative forcing and feedbacks resulting from emissions of well-mixed greenhouse gases while regional climates will further respond to such drivers as land-use change, agriculture, deforestation, and irrigation. In addition localised micro-climates can develop as a result of immedia ...
... responds to the radiative forcing and feedbacks resulting from emissions of well-mixed greenhouse gases while regional climates will further respond to such drivers as land-use change, agriculture, deforestation, and irrigation. In addition localised micro-climates can develop as a result of immedia ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.